Journal of Crystallography

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 280247, 5 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/280247

Research Article

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Alkynylplatinum(IV) Complex Containing the Terpyridine Ligand

Tsugiko Takase¹ and Dai Oyama²

¹Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan

²Department of Industrial Systems Engineering, Cluster of Science and Engineering, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan

Received 16 May 2014; Accepted 17 July 2014; Published 3 September 2014

Academic Editor: Mehmet Akkurt

Copyright © 2014 Tsugiko Takase and Dai Oyama. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

Reaction of square planar [(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) with bromine at low temperature provides a general route for the synthesis of octahedral alkynyl(terpyridine)platinum(IV) complex. In this first example of alkynyl(terpyridine)platinum(IV) complex, the alkynyl group is situated in trans position relative to the central nitrogen atom of the terpyridine ligand, and the two bromido ligands are situated in trans positions; an X-ray structural analysis has been completed for trans(Br)-[Br₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺.

1. Introduction

Platinum(II) terpyridyl complexes with alkynyl ligands have attracted great interest in recent years due to their unique photophysics [1, 2] and their potential applications as photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution [3, 4] and molecular frameworks for light-to-chemical energy conversion [5]. On the other hand, there is a limited range of reported alkynylplatinum(IV) complexes [6–8]: there is no report on alkynylplatinum(IV) complex with terpyridine ligands. Although general oxidizing agents such as halogens and hydrogen peroxide are utilized for oxidation reactions of to centers, halogens are particularly the most useful reagents [9, 10]. However, only one example for oxidation of alkynylplatinum(II) by halogens has been known in [(Me₂bpy)(C≡C-4-tol)₂] by iodine to form [I₂(Me₂bpy)(C≡C-4-tol)₂] [6], due to instability of the -alkynyl bond to halogen-containing oxidants [11]. Therefore, other procedures using 4-nitrophenyl azide and alkynyliodine(III) reagents as oxidants have been explored for oxidation of to [7, 8, 12]. In order to generalize about routes to alkynylplatinum(IV) compounds by halogen-oxidation reaction without Pt-alkynyl bond breaking, we have optimized reaction conditions (the kind of oxidants and temperature) using alkynylplatinum(II) containing the terpyridine ligand as a prototype complex.

2. Materials and Methods

All chemicals employed here were used without further purification unless otherwise stated. All solvents purchased for organic synthesis were anhydrous and used without further purification. A Br₂–CHCl₃ solution was prepared by addition of 12 drops of Br₂ to 10 mL of CHCl₃ [10]. A Cl₂–CHCl₃ solution was prepared by a saturated Cl₂ gas through 10 mL of CHCl₃ for approximately 15 sec [9]. The platinum(II) precursor ([(C≡CPh)(tpy)]PF₆) was prepared in accordance with the published method [2]. ¹H NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL JMN-AL300 spectrometer (25°C) operating at ¹H frequency of 300 MHz. ESI-MS data were measured on a Bruker Daltonics micrOTOF equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) source and CH₃CN was used as the solvent. The instrument was operated at positive ion mode using m/z range of 100–1000. IR spectra were obtained using the KBr pellet method with a JASCO FT-IR 4100 spectrometer.

2.1. X-Ray Crystal Structure Determination

Single crystals of 1Br were obtained from a solution of the complex in DMF/diethyl ether. A brown crystal of 1Br with dimensions  mm was mounted on a glass fiber. All measurements were performed on a Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer with graphite monochromated Mo K radiation . All calculations were conducted using the CrystalStructure program package [13] except for refinement, which was performed using SHELXL97 [14]. The structure was solved by direct methods using SIR92 program [15]. A numerical absorption correction (ABSCOR) [16] was applied to data. Aromatic hydrogen atoms were fixed at C–H lengths of 0.95 Å refined as riding, with . Both the highest residual electron peak and the deepest hole are located within 1 Å from atom Pt1. The crystallographic data are summarized in Table 1 and the geometrical parameters are summarized in Table 2. The crystal data for 1Br has been deposited with Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre as supplementary publication number CCDC-1014039.

Table 1: Crystallographic details for trans(Br)-[PtBr₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]Br.

Empirical formula
C₂₃H₁₆Br₃N₃Pt

Fw
769.20

Temperature (K)
173(2)

(Å)
0.71075

Crystal system
Triclinic

Space group
-1

(Å)
7.2090(4)

(Å)
12.9921(6)

(Å)
13.1231(6)

(deg)
67.0477(14)

(deg)
75.8967(15)

(deg)
78.1381(19)

(Å³)
1089.25(9)

2

(Mg/m³)
2.345

(Mo K) (mm⁻¹)
11.950

Number of reflections
10839

Unique reflections
4955

GOF ()
1.095

0.0902

1a ()
0.0486

2b (all data)
0.1210

. b.

Table 2: Geometrical parameters.

(a) Selected bond lengths and angles (Å, °)

Pt1–Br1
2.4498(12)
C1–C2
1.059(17)

Pt1–Br2
2.4644(12)
N1–Pt1–N2
80.8(4)

Pt1–N1
2.041(10)
N2–Pt1–N3
80.2(4)

Pt1–N2
1.976(9)
Pt1–C1–C2
175.3(12)

Pt1–N3
2.030(11)
C1–C2–C3
174.4(14)

Pt1–C1
2.054(10)
Br1–Pt1–Br2
178.46(5)

(b) Interatomic distances (Å) for intermolecular - interactions

C2⋯C22i
3.299(15)

C3⋯C21i
3.373(15)

C3⋯C22i
3.302(15)

C4⋯C23ii
3.366(17)

C5⋯C20i
3.290(17)

C5⋯C22ii
3.362(17)

C5⋯C23ii
3.256(16)

C8⋯C21i
3.374(18)

Symmetry operators: i, , ; ii, , .

(c) Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D –H⋯ A
D –H
H⋯ A
D ⋯A
D –H⋯ A

C4–H1⋯Br1i
0.95
2.84
3.688(14)
149

C11–H8⋯Br1ii
0.95
2.86
3.761(13)
160

C22–H15⋯Br1i
0.95
3.34
3.836(14)
115

C23–H16⋯Br1i
0.95
2.80
3.576(13)
140

C4–H1⋯Br2iii
0.95
3.49
4.072(13)
122

C5–H2⋯Br2iii
0.95
3.17
3.922(14)
137

C16–H11⋯Br2iv
0.95
2.87
3.702(14)
147

C10–H7⋯Br2v
0.95
2.94
3.733(13)
142

C8–H5⋯Br3ii
0.95
3.12
3.758(13)
126

C9–H6⋯Br3ii
0.95
3.14
3.738(11)
122

C22–H15⋯Br3vi
0.95
3.20
3.872(12)
129

C10–H7⋯Br3ii
0.95
3.12
3.718(13)
122

C12–H9⋯Br3
0.95
3.19
3.945(13)
138

C15–H10⋯Br3
0.95
2.89
3.597(13)
132

C6–H3⋯Br3vii
0.95
3.32
3.943(13)
125

C17–H12⋯Br3viii
0.95
2.89
3.819(15)
166

C21–H14⋯Br3vi
0.95
3.28
3.909(13)
126

Symmetry operators: i, , ; ii, , ; iii, , ; iv, , ; v, , ; vi, , ; vii, , ; viii, , .

2.2. Preparation of trans(Br)-[PtBr₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]Br (1Br)

An orange suspension of [Pt(C≡CPh)(tpy)]PF₆ (30 mg, 0.044 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL) was stirred at −20°C for 30 min. Addition of Br₂–CHCl₃ (70 drops) to the suspension resulted in a homogeneous solution. The mixture was further stirred at −20°C for 2 h; during this time some light brown solids gradually appeared out of the solution. The product was collected by filtration, washed with diethyl ether, and then dried in vacuo (25 mg, 73%). ESI⁺-MS: m/z = 690 ([M]⁺), 529 ([M–2Br]⁺). ¹H NMR (DMSO-): 9.29 ( with broad ¹⁹⁵Pt satellites, 2H), 9.13–8.88 (, 5H), 8.70 (, 2H), 8.20 (, 2H), 7.65 (, 2H), 7.47–7.35 (, 3H). IR: (C≡C) 2165 cm⁻¹.

3. Results and Discussion

3.1. Synthesis of trans(Br)-[PtBr₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]Br

The synthetic route for the formation of platinum(IV) terpyridyl complexes is summarized in Scheme 1. Addition of Br₂–CHCl₃ solution to [(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ in acetonitrile at −20°C gave [Br₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ (1 ⁺) as light brown solid in 73% yield. When this reaction was performed at room temperature, 1 ⁺ was produced but a small quantity of the alkynyl dissociated species was detected. In the same condition, however, addition of Cl₂–CHCl₃ solution gave some impurities in addition to [Cl₃(tpy)]⁺ (m/z = 534, major product) and [Cl₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ (m/z = 600, minor product) (Scheme 1). These results indicate that the Pt–C bond in [Pt(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ is influenced by the strength of oxidants and reaction temperatures: milder conditions (Br₂ as an oxidant and low temperature) are required for bond retention of the Pt-alkynyl moiety.

Scheme 1: Synthetic route for platinum(IV) complexes in this study.

3.2. Characterization of trans(Br)-[PtBr₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺

The identities of the complex 1 ⁺ have been confirmed by IR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and ESI-mass spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 1Br has also been determined. To the best of our knowledge, this study demonstrates the first crystal structure of an alkynylplatinum(IV) with the terpyridine ligand.

The IR spectrum of 1Br exhibited (C≡C) absorption at 2165 cm⁻¹, which is 40 cm⁻¹ higher than that of [(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ [17]. The ¹H NMR spectra of 1 ⁺ showed resonances at more downfield regions compared to the corresponding complex [17]. For example, the doublet signals of 6,6′′-positions in terpyridine ligand of 1 ⁺ appeared at 9.29 ppm, whereas those of [(C≡CPh)(tpy)]⁺ appeared at 9.10 ppm, indicating a lowering of the electron density on a Pt center.

The molecular structure of 1Br is shown in Figure 1 with atom-labeling scheme. The complex consists of a distorted octahedral geometry around the center with three nitrogen atoms of the terpyridine ligand, two bromido ligands in trans positions, and an alkynyl group in trans position relative to the central nitrogen atom (1′-position) of the terpyridine ligand. The terpyridine ligand is coordinated in a planar tridentate fashion with the central nitrogen atom closest to the atom. As shown in Table 2(a), the bond lengths of Pt–N are comparable to the precursor platinum(II) terpyridine complex [2]. Additionally, the Pt1–C1–C2 and C1–C2–C3 fragments are nearly linear with bond angles of 175.3(12)° and 174.4(14)°, respectively. However, both the Pt–C and the C≡C bond lengths (2.054(10) and 1.059(17) Å, resp.) are different from those of the corresponding complex (1.98(1) and 1.19(1) Å, resp.) [2]. In the crystal, the cation of 1Br features intermolecular - stacking between the phenyl group of the alkynyl ligand and the terpyridine ligand, as represented by the shortest contact of 3.256(16) Å for C5⋯C23 (Table 2(b)). The phenyl ring of the alkynyl ligand is almost parallel to the plane of Pt-terpyridine with a dihedral angle of 5.438°, indicating the formation of a face-to-face - interaction (Figure 2). In addition, there are a number of intermolecular weak C–H⋯Br interactions in the crystal as illustrated in Figure 2. These interactions help to stabilize the structure.

Figure 1: The molecular structure of trans(Br)-[PtBr₂(C≡CPh)(tpy)]Br (1Br), showing the atom-labeling scheme and displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 50% probability level.

Figure 2: Packing diagram. The green lines denote intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

4. Conclusions

In summary, we have prepared an alkynylplatinum(IV) complex by simple oxidation of the corresponding alkynylplatinum(II) one. It is anticipated that the successful route described here provides a useful methodology to obtain a variety of platinum(IV) complexes with a wide range of alkynyl ligands.

Supplementary Data

Complete lists of positional and isotropic displacement coefficients for hydrogen atoms and anisotropic displacement coefficients for the nonhydrogen atoms, bond lengths and angles, and torsion angles are listed as supplementary material available on line at http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/280247.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgment

H. Watanabe is thanked for experimental assistance at an early stage of the project.

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