Journal of Crystallography
Volume 2016 (2016), Article ID 1217867, 5 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1217867

Research Article

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of C ₁-Symmetric 3,3′-Bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole)

Jannis Barrera,¹ Victoria A. Smolenski,² Jerry P. Jasinski,² and Jesús Pastrán¹

¹Departamento de Química, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Apartado 89000, Caracas 1020, Venezuela
²Department of Chemistry, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435-2001, USA

Received 29 March 2016; Accepted 8 May 2016

Academic Editor: Tej P. Singh

Copyright © 2016 Jannis Barrera et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The compound 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1, C₄₂H₄₂O₄, was obtained in good yield and structurally characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. It consists of a 3,3′-bipyrazole group with each pyrazole ring containing a fused camphor group and a naphthalene ring bonded to the adjacent nitrogen atom in the ring. Both of the trimethyl, 5-membered rings of the fused camphor group form an envelope with the apex carbon atom as the flap in each case. In the crystal, weak stacking interactions are observed between nearby 6-carbon rings of the two naphthalene rings linking the molecules into extended chains. Weak π–ring intermolecular interactions are also observed between naphthalene atoms and pyrazole rings from each of the groups helping to stabilize the crystal packing. No classical hydrogen interactions are formed.

1. Introduction

During the last decade, a series of pyrazole-based ligands have been used for catalytic applications [1–3]. However, chiral pyrazole ligands derived from camphor coordinated to transition metals and the catalytic applications of the latter have been less explored [4]. Recently, chiral 3,3′-bipyrazole compounds have been proposed as important ligands that exert electronic and steric stronger influence to the metal center [5, 6]. These ligands were prepared by condensation reaction between a bis-1.3-diketone previously reported [7, 8] and hydrazine hydrate, followed by aryl- or alkylation. Herein, we report the crystal structure of a C ₁-symmetric 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1 obtained by direct condensation with α-naphthylhydrazine, which could have an even greater steric effect than the similar ligands previously reported in the literature.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. General Remarks

¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra were recorded on a Jeol 400 MHz spectrometer at 25°C with solvent signals allotted as internal standards. Melting point was determined on an Electrothermal Mel-Temp apparatus in open capillary tubes and is not corrected. CHN elemental analyses were performed on a Fisons EA 1108 analyzer and samples were air handled. Optical rotations were measured on a Perkin-Elmer 341 polarimeter.

2.2. Preparation of 3,3′-Bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) [Systematic Name: (1,1′-Dinaphthyl-7,7′,8,8,8′,8′-hexamethyl-4,4′,5,5′,6,6′,7,7′-octahydro-3,3′-bi-4,7-methano-indazole)] 1

(1R,1′R)-3,3′-(1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-di-ylidene)bis[1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[]-heptan-2-one] (prepared using a modified procedure reported [7]) (0.69 g, 1.95 mmoL) and α-naphthylhydrazine hydrochloride (prepared using a modification of the reported procedure [9]) (1.14 g, 5.84 mmoL) were suspended in ethanol (50.0 mL). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux for 24 hours. Then, this mixture was neutralized with a saturated solution of Na₂CO₃. The solid obtained was filtered and washed with chloroform ( mL). The solvent was removed under vacuum to obtain the desired product 1 as a white solid (0.58 g, 49%). Mp: (326 ± 2)°C. Elemental analysis is calculated for C₄₂H₄₂N₄·0.4H₂O: C 82.69%, H 7.07%, N 9.18%. Found: C 82.80%, H 7.26%, N 9.00%. = +139.3° (  1.008, CHCl₃). IR (KBr) (ν, cm⁻¹): 3055 (w), 2954 (m), 2870 (w), 1598 (m), 1422 (m), 1388 (m), 1041 (m), 804 (s), 774 (s), 667.69 (w). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ = 0.71 (s, 3H, CH₃), 0.89 (s, 3H, CH₃), 0.97 (s, 3H, CH₃), 1.39–1.44 (m, 2H, CH₂), 1.77–1.79 (m, 1H, CH), 2.14–2.19 (m, 1H, CH), 3.15–3.16 (d, = 4 Hz, 1H, CH), 7.47–7.53 (m, 4H, aromatics CH), 7.76–7.78 (d, = 8 Hz, 1H, aromatics CH), 7.86–7.90 (t, 2H, aromatics CH). NMR (CDCl₃): δ = 10.81, 19.69, 20.67, 27.64, 34.04, 48.53, 53.07, 62.90, 124.13, 124.79, 124.96, 126.48, 126.84, 127.28, 127.80, 128.98, 131.09, 134.08, 136.97, 139.94, 156.89. Crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of a THF solution of the compound (50.0 mg in 5.0 mL) at room temperature.

2.3. X-Ray Structure Determination of 3,3′-Bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1

X-ray diffraction data were collected using an Agilent, Eos, Gemini diffractometer with enhanced X-ray source (Mo-Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å). Data collection, cell refinement, data reduction, structure solving, and refining were performed by using the following programs: CrysAlis PRO [10]; CrysAlis PRO [10]; CrysAlis RED [10]; ShelXT [11]; SHELXL [12]. Molecular graphics: Olex2 [13] was used to prepare the material for publication. Crystal data and experimental details are listed in Table 1. All H atoms were located in difference maps. The C–H atoms were treated as riding atoms in geometrically idealized positions with C–H distances of 0.95 Å (CH) and 0.99 Å (CH₂) and refined with . The CH₃ atoms were treated as riding atoms in geometrically idealized positions with the CH₃ distances of 0.98 Å and refined with . The Platon SQUEEZE program [14] was used to get rid of the solvent peaks. Absolute configurations were determined using 2351 quotients [15]. Supplementary crystallographic data for 1 are contained in CCDC 1458095. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge from the Director, CCDC, 12 Union Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EZ, UK (fax: 144-1223-336033; e-mail: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/), or from the authors.

Table 1: Crystal data and experimental crystallographic details.

Compound 1

Empirical formula
C₄₂H₄₂N₄

Formula weight
602.79

Temperature
173 K

Crystal system, space group
Monoclinic,

Unit cell dimensions
Å

Å

Å

Volume
2006.78() Å³

, calculated density
2, 0.998 Mg m⁻³

Absorption coefficient
0.06 mm⁻¹

(000)
644

Crystal size
0.42 × 0.28 × 0.22 (mm)

range for data collection
3.8 to 32.0°

Index ranges
, ,

Reflections collected
15094

Independent reflections
10751 []

Data/restraints/parameters
10751/1/421

Goodness-of-fit on
1.03

Final indices
,

indices (all data)
,

Largest diff. peak and hole
0.30 and −0.37 e Å⁻³

Absolute structure parameter
−1.6(10)

, where .

3. Results and Discussion

3,3′-Bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1 was prepared by condensation reaction between bis-1.3-diketone and α-naphthylhydrazine hydrochloride (Scheme 1). The identity of the compound was established by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Crystals suitable for an X-ray crystal structure determination grew from slow evaporation of a tetrahydrofuran solution of the compound at room temperature. It consists of a 3,3′-bipyrazole group with E configuration. Each pyrazole ring contains a fused camphor group and a naphthalene ring bonded to the adjacent nitrogen atom in the ring (Figure 1). The bond lengths and angles values found for the fused camphor group correspond with characteristic values reported in similar compounds [16].

Scheme 1: Synthesis of 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1.

Figure 1: View of 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1 showing the atom-labelling. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level. Selected bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) are N1–N2 1.377(4), N2–C1 1.354(4), C1–C2 1.446(4), C2–N4 1.346(4), N4–N3 1.365(4), N1–N2–C1 104.9(2), N2–C1–C2 119.7(3), C1–C2–N4 119.6(3), and C2–N4–N3 105.6(3).

1 crystallizes in the space group P2₁ with two independent molecules in the unit cell. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the two pyrazole rings is 3.9(1)°. The mean planes of the naphthalene rings are tilted by 88.8(1)° and 88.8(2)° with regard to that of the pyrazole ring and 2.1(3)° with each other. The mean plane of the 5-membered ring of the camphor group is twisted by 44.2(3)° and 44.2(1)°, respectively, with that of the pyrazole ring forming an indazole-like altered motif. Both of the trimethyl, 5-membered rings of the fused camphor group form an envelope with the apex carbon (C19, φ = 252.5(4) and C39, φ = 252.9(4)) forming the flap atom in each case. In the crystal, weak stacking interactions are observed between nearby 6-carbon rings (Cg1 and Cg2) of the two naphthalene rings (Cg1–Cg2 = 3.644 Å; , +y, ; where Cg1 = C11/C12/C7/C8/C9/C10 and Cg2 = C31/C32/C27/C28/C29/C30) linking the molecules into extended chains (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Molecular packing of 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1 viewed along the a axis.

Weak π–ring intermolecular interactions are also seen between naphthalene atoms and pyrazole rings from each of the groups helping to stabilize the crystal packing. No classical hydrogen interactions (C–H⋯π) are formed (Table 2).

Table 2: Distances and angles (Å, ) of hydrogen bonding interactions. The H atoms are in calculated positions (D: donor; A: acceptor; H: hydrogen).

D–H⋯A
H⋯A
D⋯A
D–H⋯A

C4–H4⋯Cg4
2.91
3.698()
141

C24–H24⋯Cg3
2.93
3.747()
144

Cg3 = N1/N2/C1/C13/C18; Cg4 = N3/N4/C2/C33/C38; symmetry codes: (i) , , ; (ii) , , .

4. Summary

The compound 3,3′-bi(1,1′-dinaphthyl-camphopyrazole) 1 has been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The solid-state structure shows the spatial arrangement of the naphthyl groups with respect to the pyrazole ring and intermolecular interactions that sustain the crystal.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

This work was financed by DID-USB (Project S1–IN–CB–005–12). The authors thank T.S.U Eleinne Severino (Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas) for carrying out the elemental analyses. Jerry P. Jasinski acknowledges the NSF-MRI program (Grant no. CHE-1039027) for funds to purchase the X-ray diffractometer.

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