Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 478531, 16 pages

doi:10.1155/2012/478531

Research Article

Classification of Exact Solutions for Some Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations with Generalized Evolution

Yusuf Pandir,¹ Yusuf Gurefe,1,2 Ugur Kadak,1,3 and Emine Misirli²

¹Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Bozok University, 66100 Yozgat, Turkey

²Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey

³Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, 06500 Teknikokullar-Ankara, Turkey

Received 13 March 2012; Accepted 17 May 2012

Academic Editor: Ravshan Ashurov

Copyright © 2012 Yusuf Pandir et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We obtain the classification of exact solutions, including soliton, rational, and elliptic solutions, to the one-dimensional general improved Camassa Holm KP equation and KdV equation by the complete discrimination system for polynomial method. In discussion, we propose a more general trial equation method for nonlinear partial differential equations with generalized evolution.

1. Introduction

To construct exact solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations, some important methods have been defined such as Hirota method, tanh-coth method, the exponential function method, -expansion method, the trial equation method, [1–15]. There are a lot of nonlinear evolution equations that are integrated using the various mathematical methods. Soliton solutions, compactons, singular solitons, and other solutions have been found by using these approaches. These types of solutions are very important and appear in various areas of applied mathematics.

In Section 2, we give a new trial equation method for nonlinear evolution equations with higher-order nonlinearity. In Section 3, as applications, we obtain some exact solutions to two nonlinear partial diffeential equations such as the one-dimensional general improved Camassa Holm KP equation [16]:

the dimensionless form of the generalized KdV equation [17]:

In discussion, we propose a more general trial equation method.

2. The Extended Trial Equation Method

Step 1. For a given nonlinear partial differential equation,

take the general wave transformation:

where and . Substituting (2.2) into (2.1) yields a nonlinear ordinary differential equation:

Step 2. Take the finite series and trial equation as follows:

where

Using (2.4) and (2.5), we can write

where and are polynomials. Substituting these relations into (2.3) yields an equation of polynomial of :

According to the balance principle, we can find a relation of , , and . We can compute some values of , , and .

Step 3. Let the coefficients of all be zero will yield an algebraic equations system:

Solving this system, we will determine the values of , , and .

Step 4. Reduce (2.5) to the elementary integral form:

Using a complete discrimination system for polynomial to classify the roots of , we solve (2.9) and obtain the exact solutions to (2.3). Furthermore, we can write the exact traveling wave solutions to (2.1), respectively.

3. Applications

Example 3.1 (Application to the Camassa Holm KP equation). In order to look for travelling wave solutions of (1.1), we make the transformation , where and are arbitrary constants. Then, integrating this equation with respect to twice and setting the integration constant to zero, we obtain

We use the following transformation:

Equation (3.1) turns into the equation

Substituting (2.6) into (3.3) and using balance principle yield

After this solution procedure, we obtain the results as follows.

Case 1. If we take , , and , then

where , . Respectively, solving the algebraic equation system (2.8) yields

where . Substituting these results into (2.5) and (2.9), we have

where denotes by , and . Integrating (3.7), we obtain the solutions to the (1.1) as follows:

where

Also , , and are the roots of the polynomial equation

Substituting the solutions (3.8)–(3.10) into (2.4) and (3.2), we have

where denote by .

If we take and , then the solutions (3.15) can reduce to rational function solution:

1-soliton solution:

and singular soliton solution:

where , , , , and . Here, and are the amplitudes of the solitons, while is the velocity and is the inverse width of the solitons. Thus, we can say that the solitons exist for .

Case 2. If we take , and , then

where , . Respectively, solving the algebraic equation system (2.8) yields as follows.

Subcase 2.1. It holds that

where . Substituting these results into (2.5) and (2.9), we get

Integrating (3.21), we obtain the solutions to (1.1) as follows:

where

Also , , , and are the roots of the polynomial equation:

Substituting the solutions (3.22)–(3.25) into (2.4) and (3.2), we have

where denotes by .

For simplicity, we can write the solutions (3.30) as follows:

Subcase 2.2. It holds that

where . Substituting these results into (2.5) and (2.9), we get

Integrating (3.33), we obtain the solutions to the (1.1) as follows.

If we denote

where , , then we can write complete discrimination system of as follows:

Correspondingly, there are the following two cases to be discussed.

(1) If then we haveTherefore, the solution is given by

where

(2) If , then we have . From here, the solutions can be found as

For simplicity, we can write (3.40) as follows:

Example 3.2 (Application to the generalized KdV equation). Using a complex variation defined as , we can convert (1.2) into ordinary different equation, which reads

where the prime denotes the derivative with respect to . Integrating (3.42), and setting the constant of integration to be zero, we obtain

By the using of the transformation , (3.43) reduces to

Substituting (2.6) into (3.44) and using balance principle yield

If we take , , and , then

where , . Respectively, solving the algebraic equation system (2.8) yields

where denotes by and denote by . Substituting these results into (2.5) and (2.9), we can write

where denotes by . Integrating (3.48), we obtain the solutions to (1.2) as follows:

where

Also , , , and are the roots of the polynomial equation:

Substituting the solutions (3.49)–(3.52) into (2.4) and (3.2), we find

where denotes by .

If we take and , then the solutions (3.57) can reduce to rational function solutions:

traveling wave solutions:

and soliton solution:

where , , , , and . Here, is the amplitude of the soliton, while is the velocity and is the inverse width of the soliton. Thus, we can say that the solitons exist for .

4. Discussion

Thus we give a more general extended trial equation method for nonlinear partial differential equations as follows.

Step 1. The extended trial equation (2.4) can be reduced to the following more general form:

where

Here, , , , and are the constants to be determined.

Step 2. Taking trial equations (4.1) and (4.2), we derive the following equations:

and other derivation terms such as , and so on.

Step 3. Substituting , and other derivation terms into (2.3) yields the following equation:

According to the balance principle, we can determine a relation of , , and .

Step 4. Letting the coefficients of all be zero will yield an algebraic equations system . Solving this equations system, we will determine the values ; ; , and .

Step 5. Substituting the results obtained in Step 4 into (4.2) and integrating equation (4.2), we can find the exact solutions of (2.1).

5. Conclusions and Remarks

In this study, we proposed a new trial equation method and used it to obtain some soliton and elliptic function solutions to the Camassa Holm KP equation and the one-dimensional general improved KdV equation. Otherwise, we discussed a more general trial equation method. We think that the proposed method can also be applied to other nonlinear differential equations with nonlinear evolution.

Also, the convergence analysis of obtained elliptic solutions is given as follows:

where

Especially, , we have

where . Taking the value , we have . Therefore, if we take in (3.13), in (3.28) and (3.55), in (3.38), for each , then we have

By the using radius of convergence of power series:

where . We have the radius of convergence of power series . We can say that power series converges for each , diverges for each . Consequently, the inequalities in (3.11), (3.26)–(3.53), and (3.38) are obtained by using , respectively.

Acknowledgment

The research has been supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and Yozgat University Foundation.

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