Abstract and Applied AnalysisVolume 2012 (2012), Article ID 489353, 12 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/489353

Research Article

Monotonic Positive Solutions of Nonlocal Boundary Value Problems for a Second-Order Functional Differential Equation

A. M. A. El-Sayed,¹ E. M. Hamdallah,¹ and Kh. W. El-kadeky²

¹Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt²Faculty of Science, Garyounis University, Benghazi, Libya

Received 13 October 2011; Accepted 5 December 2011

Academic Editor: István Györi

Copyright © 2012 A. M. A. El-Sayed et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We study the existence of at least one monotonic positive solution for the nonlocal boundary value problem of the second-order functional differential equation , , with the nonlocal condition , , where , , and . As an application the integral and the nonlocal conditions , will be considered.

1. Introduction

The nonlocal boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations arise in a variety of different areas of applied mathematics and physics.

The study of nonlocal boundary value problems was initiated by Il’in and Moiseev [1, 2]. Since then, the non-local boundary value problems have been studied by several authors. The reader is referred to [3–22] and references therein.

In most of all these papers, the authors assume that the function is continuous. They all assume that These assumptions are restrictive, and there are many functions that do not satisfy these assumptions.

Here we assume that the function is measurable in for all and continuous in for almost all is and there exists an integrable function and a constant such that Our aim here is to study the existence of at least one monotonic positive solution for the nonlocal problem of the second-order functional differential equation with the nonlocal condition where .

As an application, the problem with the integral and nonlocal conditions is studied.

It must be noticed that the nonlocal conditions are special cases of our the nonlocal and integral conditions.

2. Integral Equation Representation

Consider the functional differential equation (1.3) with the nonlocal condition (1.4) with the following assumptions.(i) is measurable in for all and continuous in for almost all and there exists an integrable function , and a constant such that (ii) is continuous.(iii).(iv) Now, we have the following Lemma.

Lemma 2.1. The solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3)-(1.4) can be expressed by the integral equation where .

Proof. Integrating (1.3), we get Integrating (2.4), we obtain Let , in (2.5), we get and we deduce that Substitute from (2.7) into (2.5), we obtain Let , in (2.4), we obtain and we deduce that Substitute from (2.10) into (2.8), we obtain which proves that the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3)-(1.4) can be expressed by the integral equation (2.3).

3. Existence of Solution

We study here the existence of at least one monotonic nondecreasing solution for the integral equation (2.3).

Theorem 3.1. Assume that (i)–(iv) are satisfied. Then the nonlocal problem (1.3)-(1.4) has at least one solution .

Proof. Define the subset by . Clear the set which is nonempty, closed, and convex.Let be an operator defined byLet , then then and is uniformly bounded in . Also for such that , we have Then The above inequality shows that Therefore is equicontinuous. By the Arzelà-Ascoli theorem, is relatively compact. Since all conditions of the Schauder theorem hold, then has a fixed point in which proves the existence of at least one solution of the integral equation (2.3), where To complete the proof, we prove that the integral equation (2.3) satisfies nonlocal problem (1.3)-(1.4). Differentiating (2.3), we get Let in (2.3), we obtain which proves Also let in (3.7), we obtain then Let in (3.7), we obtain Adding (3.12) and (3.13), we obtain This implies that there exists at least one solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3) and (1.4). This completes the proof.

Corollary 3.2. The solution of the problem (1.3)-(1.4) is monotonic nondecreasing.

Proof. Let, we deduce from (2.3) that which proves that the solution of the problem (1.3)-(1.4) is monotonic nondecreasing.

3.1. Positive Solution

Let and , then the nonlocal problem condition (1.4) will be

Theorem 3.3. Let the assumptions (i)–(iv) of Theorem 3.1 be satisfied. Then the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3)–(3.16) is positive .

Proof. Let and in the integral equation (2.3) and the nonlocal condition (1.4), then the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3)–(3.16) will be given by the integral equation where .Let , then Multiplying by , we obtain and the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3) and (3.16), given by the integral equation (3.17), is positive for . This complete the proof.

Example 3.4. Consider the nonlocal problem of the second-order functional differential equation (1.3) with two-point boundary condition Applying our results here, we deduce that the two-point boundary value problem (1.3)–(3.20) has at least one monotonic nondecreasing solution represented by the integral equation This the solution is positive with .

4. Nonlocal Integral Condition

Let be the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3) and (1.4).

Let and let , then From the continuity of the solution of the nonlocal problem (1.3) and (1.4), we obtain and the nonlocal condition (1.4) transformed to the integral condition and the solution of the integral equation (2.3) will be Now, we have the following theorem.

Theorem 4.1. Let the assumptions (i)–(iv) of Theorem 3.1 be satisfied. Then the nonlocal problem has at least one monotonic nondecreasing solution represented by (4.4).

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