Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 187348, 5 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/187348

Research Article

Fixed Point Theorems of Quasicontractions on Cone Metric Spaces with Banach Algebras

Hao Liu¹ and Shaoyuan Xu²

¹School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China

²Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China

Received 5 August 2013; Accepted 23 October 2013

Academic Editor: Simeon Reich

Copyright © 2013 Hao Liu and Shaoyuan Xu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We introduce the concept of quasicontractions on cone metric spaces with Banach algebras, and by a new method of proof, we will prove the existence and uniqueness of fixed points of such mappings. The main result generalizes the well-known theorem of Ćirić (Ćirić 1974).

1. Introduction

Letbe a complete metric space. Recall that a mappingis called a quasicontraction if, for someand for all, one has

Ćirić [1] introduced and studied quasicontractions as one of the most general classes of contractive-type mappings. He proved the well-known theorem that any quasicontractionhas a unique fixed point. Recently, scholars obtained various similar results on cone metric spaces. See, for instance, [2–5].

In this paper, we study the quasicontractions on metric spaces with Banach algebras, which are introduced in [6] and turn out to be an interesting generalization of classic metric spaces. By a new method of proof, we generalize Ćirić theorem.

Letalways be a real Banach algebra with a multiplication unit; that is,for all. An elementis said to be invertible if there is an inverse elementsuch that. The inverse ofis denoted by. For more details, we refer to [7].

The following proposition is well known (see [7]).

Proposition 1 (see [7]). Letbe a Banach algebra with a unit, and let . If the spectral radiusofis less than 1, that is,

thenis invertible. Actually,

A subsetofis called a cone if

(1)is nonempty closed and; (2)for all nonnegative real numbers; (3); (4).

For a given cone , we can define a partial orderingwith respect tobyif and only if . And will stand forand, whilewill stand for , where denotes the interior of.

Remark 2. In the literature on cone metric spaces, authors useto meanand andto mean. To our knowledge, and from a topological point of view, the order relationplays a very similar role in cone metric spaces asdoes in.

The coneis called normal if there is a numbersuch that for all,

The least positive number satisfying above is called the normal constant of(see [8]).

In the following, we always assume thatis a cone inwith andis partial ordering with respect to.

Definition 3 (see [8]). Letbe a nonempty set. Suppose the mappingsatisfies

(1)for allandif and only if; (2)for all; (3)for all.

Then, is called a cone metric on, andis called a cone metric space (with Banach algebra).

For more details about cone metric spaces with Banach algebras, we refer the readers to [6].

Definition 4 (see [8]). Letbe a cone metric space, and let and be a sequence in. Then,

(1)converges towhenever for each with there is a natural numbersuch that for all . We denote this by or ; (2)is a Cauchy sequence whenever for each with there is a natural number such that for all ; (3)is a complete cone metric space if every Cauchy sequence is convergent.

The following facts are often used.

Proposition 5 (see [8]). Letbe a cone metric space, let be a normal cone with normal constant, and letbe a sequence in. Then, converges toif and only if.

Proposition 6 (see [8]). Letbe a cone metric space, let be a normal cone with normal constant, and letbe a sequence in. Then, is a Cauchy sequence if and only if .

2. Main Results

In this section we will define quasicontractions in the setting of cone metric spaces with Banach algebras and prove the fixed point theorem of such mappings.

Definition 7. Letbe a cone metric space with Banach algebra. A mappingis called a quasicontraction if for somewithand for all, one has

where

Remark 8. In Definition 7, we only suppose the spectral radius ofis less than 1, while neithernoris assumed. In fact, the conditionis weaker than that. See the example in [6].

Theorem 9. Letbe a complete cone metric space with a Banach algebra, and let be a normal cone with normal constant. If the mappingis a quasicontraction, thenhas a unique fixed point in. And for any, iterative sequenceconverges to the fixed point.

In the rest of the paper, we choose and denote. For the sake of clarity, we divide the proof into several steps.

Lemma 10. Assume that the hypotheses in Theorem 9 are satisfied. Then, for each, and for allsuch that, one has

Proof. We present the proof by induction.

When, which implies, the conclusion is trivial.

Assume that the statement is true for; that is,

Now, we will prove that the statement is true for. Note that in this case, if, then the statement is just (8). Thus, without loss of generality, we suppose thatand and denote.

By the definition of quasicontraction, we have

where

Firstly, we consider the case that; that is,

If, then

and the statement follows.

If, then

and the statement also follows.

If, then we setand we have

If, then

which implies

Note that and thatandcommute. Multiplying both sides by, we have

and the statement also follows.

If, then

and the statement also follows.

Secondly, we consider the case that.

If or or, then, by (8), we have

and the statement follows.

If or, then we setor, respectively. And we have

In conclusion from discussions of both cases, it results that either the proof is complete, that is,

or there exists an integersuch that

As for the latter situation, we continue in a similar way, and come to the result that either

which implies that

and the proof is complete, or there exists an integersuch that

which implies that

Generally, if the procedure ends by the -th step with , that is, there exist integers

such that

and such that

then

Hence, the proof is complete.

Finally, if the procedure continues more thansteps, then there existintegers

such that

Thus, there must exist two integers,and, say, such that

From (32), one sees that

and therefore

Note that

which impliesis invertible. And since that

we have

So,

Therefore, by induction, the statement is proved.

Remark 11. Lemma 10 simply says that

Lemma 12. Assume that the hypotheses in Theorem 9 are satisfied. Then, is a Cauchy sequence.

Proof. For, denote that

By the definition of quasicontraction, it follows that, for each, there exists, such that

Consequently,

where

and the last inequality comes from Lemma 10.

By the normality of, and noting that, we have

The proof is complete.

Now, we finish the remaining part of the proof of Theorem 9.

Proof. By Lemma 12 and the completeness of, there issuch that. Then,

where

If or or, then. Hence,

If, then

Hence,

If, then

Hence,

as.

In each case, we have. Thus, .

Now, ifis another fixed point, then

where

If, then.

If, then

which implies

Thus, the fixed point is unique. And we obtain Theorem 9.

Acknowledgments

The authors are extremely grateful to the referees for their useful comments and suggestions. The research is partially supported by Doctoral Initial Foundation of Hanshan Normal University, China (no. QD20110920).

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