Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 348701, 6 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/348701

Research Article

Some Remarks on the Extended Hartley-Hilbert and Fourier-Hilbert Transforms of Boehmians

S. K. Q. Al-Omari¹ and A. Kılıçman²

¹Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa' Applied University, Amman 11134, Jordan

²Department of Mathematics and Institute of Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received 19 January 2013; Accepted 15 March 2013

Academic Editor: Mustafa Bayram

Copyright © 2013 S. K. Q. Al-Omari and A. Kılıçman. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We obtain generalizations of Hartley-Hilbert and Fourier-Hilbert transforms on classes of distributions having compact support. Furthermore, we also study extension to certain space of Lebesgue integrable Boehmians. New characterizing theorems are also established in an adequate performance.

1. Introduction

The classical theory of integral transforms and their applications have been studied for a long time, and they are applied in many fields of mathematics. Later, after [1], the extension of classical integral transformations to generalized functions has comprised an active area of research. Several integral transforms are extended to various spaces of generalized functions, distributions [2], ultradistributions, Boehmians [3, 4], and many more.

In recent years, many papers are devoted to those integral transforms which permit a factorization identity (of Fourier convolution type) such as Fourier transform, Mellin transform, Laplace transform, and few others that have a lot of attraction, the reason that the theory of integral transforms, generally speaking, became an object of study of integral transforms of Boehmian spaces.

The Hartley transform is an integral transformation that maps a real-valued temporal or spacial function into a real-valued frequency function via the kernel

This novel symmetrical formulation of the traditional Fourier transform, attributed to Hartley 1942, leads to a parallelism that exists between a function of the original variable and that of its transform. In any case, signal and systems analysis and design in the frequency domain using the Hartley transform may be deserving an increased awareness due to the necessity of the existence of a fast algorithm that can substantially lessen the computational burden when compared to the classical complex-valued fast Fourier transform.

The Hartley transform of a function can be expressed as either [5]

or

where the angular or radian frequency variable is related to the frequency variable by and

The integral kernel, known as cosine-sine function, is defined as

Inverse Hartley transform may be defined as either

or

The theory of convolutions of integral transforms has been developed for a long time and is applied in many fields of mathematics. Historically, the convolution product [2]

has a relationship with the Fourier transform with the factorization property

The more complicated convolution theorem of Hartley transforms, compared to that of Fourier transforms, is that

where

Some properties of Hartley transforms can be listed as follows.

(i) Linearity: if and are real functions then

(ii) Scaling: if is a real function then

2. Distributional Hartley-Hilbert Transform of Compact Support

The Hilbert transform via the Hartley transform is defined by [6, 7]

where

are the respective odd and even components of (2).

We denote, ,  , the space of smooth functions and ,  , the strong dual of of distributions of compact support over .

Following is the convolution theorem of .

Theorem 1 (convolution Theorem). Let and then

where

Proof. To prove this theorem it is sufficient to establish that

Therefore, we have

The substitution and using of (1) together with Fubini theorem imply

By invoking the formulae

then (18) follows from simple computation. Proof of (19) has a similar technique. Hence, the theorem is completely proved.

It is of interest to know that and are members of and, therefore, . This leads to the following statement.

Definition 2. Let then we define the distributional Hartley-Hilbert transform of as

The extended transform is clearly well defined for each .

Theorem 3. The distributional Hartley-Hilbert transform is linear.

Proof. Let then their components . Hence,

By factoring and rearranging components we get that

Furthermore,

Hence,

This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 4. Let then is a continuous mapping on .

Proof. Let ,   and as . Then,

Hence we have the following theorem.

Theorem 5. The mapping is one-to-one.

Proof. Let and that then, using (23) we get

Basic properties of inner product implies

Hence,

Therefore,

for all . This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 6. Let then is analytic and

Proof of this theorem is analogous to that of the previous theorem and is thus avoided.

Denote by the dirac delta function then it is easy to see that

3. Lebesgue Space of Boehmians for Hartley-Hilbert Transforms

The original construction of Boehmians produce a concrete space of generalized functions. Since the space of Boehmians was introduced, many spaces of Boehmians were defined. In references, we list selected papers introducing different spaces of Boehmians. One of the main motivations for introducing different spaces of Boehmians was the generalization of integral transforms. The idea requires a proper choice of a space of functions for which a given integral transform is well defined, a choice of a class of delta sequences that is transformed by that integral transform to a well-behaved class of approximate identities, and finally a convolution product that behaves well under the transform. If these conditions are met, the transform has usually an extension to the constructed space of Boehmians and the extension has desirable properties. For general construction of Boehmians, see [8–12].

Let be the space of test functions of bounded support. By delta sequence, we mean a subset of of sequences such that

where .

The set of all such delta sequences is usually denoted as . Each element in corresponds to the dirac delta function , for large values of .

Proposition 7. Let then

Let , , be the space of complex valued Lebesgue integrable functions. From Proposition 7 we establish the following theorem.

Theorem 8. Let   then    as  .

Proof. For ,  , then using of (14) implies

Since

as , we see that

Similarly,

Therefore, invoking the above equations in (37), we get as . Hence the theorem.

Denote by the space of integrable Boehmians, then is a convolution algebra when multiplication by scalar, addition, and convolution is defined as [9]

Each function is identified with the Boehmian . Also, , for every . Since corresponds to Dirac delta distribution , the th-derivative of each is defined as

The integral of a Boehmian is defined as [11]

It is of great interest to observe the following example.

Example 9. Every infinitely smooth function such that is integrable as Boehmian but not integrable as function.

The following has importance in the sense of analysis.

Theorem 10. Let , then the sequence

converges uniformly on each compact subset of .

Proof. By aid of the Theorem 8 and the concept of quotient of sequences, we have,

where convergence ranges over compact subsets of . The theorem is completely proved.

Let , then by virtue of Theorem 10 we define the Hartley-Hilbert transform of the Lebesgue Boehmian as

on compact subsets of .

The next objective is to establish that our definition is well defined. Let in , then

Hence, applying the Hartley-Hilbert transform to both sides of the above equation and using the concept of quotients of sequences imply

Thus, in particular, for , and considering Theorem 3, we get

Hence,

Definition (46) is therefore well defined.

Theorem 11. The generalized transform is linear.

Proof. Let and be arbitrary in and then . Hence, employing (46) yields

By Theorem 8, we get

Hence,

Also, for each complex number , we have

Hence we have the following theorem.

Theorem 12. Let and , then

Proof. Let , then .

Hence, .

Similarly, we proceed for .

This completes the theorem. The following theorem is obvious.

Theorem 13. If , then .

Theorem 14. The Hartley-Hilbert transform is continuous with respect to the -convergence.

Proof. Let in as , then we show that as . Using ([11, Theorem 2.6]), we find such that and as .

Applying the Hartley-Hilbert transform for both sides implies in the space of continuous functions. Therefore, considering limits we get

This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 15. The Hartley-Hilbert transform is continuous with respect to the -convergence.

Proof. Let as in , then there is and such that

Thus by the aid of Theorem 3 and the hypothesis of the theorem we have

Therefore, as . Thus, as .

This completes the proof.

Lemma 16. Let , and has the usual meaning of (34) then

Proof. Let , then

Hence,

Theorem 17. The Hartley-Hilbert transform is one-to-one.

Proof. Let , then by the aid of (46), we get

Hence,

that is, . The fact that is one-to-one implies . Hence we have the following theorem.

4. A Comparative Study: Fourier-Hilbert Transform

In [6, 7], the Hilbert transform via the Fourier transform of is defined as

where

are, respectively, the real and imaginary components of the Fourier transform of , which are related by

It is interesting to know that a concrete relationship between and is described as and [2]. Those equations, above, justify the following statements of the next theorems.

Theorem 18. Let , then the sequence of Fourier-Hilbert transforms of satisfies

and converges uniformly on each compact subset of .

Thus, for , the Fourier-Hilbert transform of is similarly defined by

on compact subsets of .

The following theorems are stated and their proofs are justified for similar reasons. We prefer to we omit the details.

Theorem 19. The generalized Fourier-Hilbert transform is linear.

Theorem 20. ,  .

Theorem 21. If , then .

Theorem 22. If as in , then as in on compact subsets.

Theorem 23. The Fourier-Hilbert transform is continuous with respect to the -convergence.

Theorem 24. The Fourier-Hilbert transform is continuous with respect to the -convergence.

Proofs of the above theorems are similar to that given for the corresponding ones of Hartley-Hilbert transform.

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