Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 464593, 4 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/464593

Research Article

Faster Multistep Iterations for the Approximation of Fixed Points Applied to Zamfirescu Operators

Shin Min Kang,¹ Ljubomir B. Ćirić,² Arif Rafiq,³ Faisal Ali,⁴ and Young Chel Kwun⁵

¹Department of Mathematics and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea

²Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Kraljice Marije 16, Belgrade 11000, Serbia

³Department of Mathematics, Lahore Leads University, Lahore 54810, Pakistan

⁴Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 54000, Pakistan

⁵Department of Mathematics, Dong-A University, Pusan 614-714, Republic of Korea

Received 13 July 2013; Accepted 7 September 2013

Academic Editor: Salvador Romaguera

Copyright © 2013 Shin Min Kang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

By taking a counterexample, we prove that the multistep iteration process is faster than the Mann and Ishikawa iteration processes for Zamfirescu operators.

1. Introduction

Let be a nonempty convex subset of a normed space , and let be a mapping.

(a) For arbitrary , the sequence defined by

where is a sequence in , is known as the Mann iteration process [1].

(b) For arbitrary , the sequence defined by

where and are sequences in , is known as the Ishikawa iteration process [2].

(c) For arbitrary , the sequence defined by

where and ,    , are sequences in and denoted by , is known as the multistep iteration process [3].

Definition 1 (see [4]). Suppose that and are two real convergent sequences with limits and , respectively. Then, is said to converge faster than if

Definition 2 (see [4]). Let and be two fixed-point iteration procedures which, both, converge to the same fixed point , say, with error estimates,

where . If converges faster than , then is said to converge faster than .

Theorem 3 (see [5]). Let be a complete metric space, and let be a mapping for which there exist real numbers , , and satisfying and such that, for each pair , at least one of the following is true:

, , .

Then, has a unique fixed point , and the Picard iteration defined by

converges to for any .

Remark 4. An operator , which satisfies the contraction conditions ()–() of Theorem 3, will be called a Zamfirescu operator [4, 6, 7].

In [6, 7], Berinde introduced a new class of operators on a normed space satisfying

for any ,  , and .

He proved that this class is wider than the class of Zamfirescu operators.

The following results are proved in [6, 7].

Theorem 5 (see [7]). Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a normed space . Let be an operator satisfying (4). Let be defined through the iterative process and . If and , then converges strongly to the unique fixed point of .

Theorem 6 (see [6]). Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space , and let be an operator satisfying (4). Let be defined through the iterative process and , where and are sequences of positive numbers in with satisfying . Then, converges strongly to the fixed point of .

The following result can be found in [8].

Theorem 7. Let be a closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space . Let the Mann and Ishikawa iteration processes with real sequences and satisfy , , and . Then, and converge strongly to the unique fixed point of . Let    be a Zamfirescu operator, and, moreover, the Mann iteration process converges faster than the Ishikawa iteration process to the fixed point of .

In [4], Berinde proved the following result.

Theorem 8. Let be a closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space , and let be a Zamfirescu operator. Let be defined by and with a sequence in satisfying . Then, converges strongly to the fixed point of , and, moreover, the Picard iteration converges faster than the Mann iteration.

Remark 9. In [9], Qing and Rhoades by taking a counterexample showed that the Mann iteration process converges more slowly than the Ishikawa iteration process for Zamfirescu operators.

In this paper, we establish a general theorem to approximate fixed points of quasi-contractive operators in a Banach space through the multistep iteration process. Our result generalizes and improves upon, among others, the corresponding results of Babu and Vara Prasad [8] and Berinde [4, 6, 7].

We also prove that the Mann iteration process and the Ishikawa iteration process converge more slowly than the multistep iteration process for Zamfirescu operators.

2. Main Results

We now prove our main results.

Theorem 10. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space , and let be an operator satisfying (4). Let be defined through the iterative process and , where and ,    (), are sequences in with . If , then is a singleton, and the sequence converges strongly to the fixed point of .

Proof. Assume that and . Then, using , we have

Now, for and , (4) gives

By substituting (6) in (5), we obtain

In a similar fashion, again by using , we can get

where    and

It can be easily seen that, for   , we have

Substituting (9) in (10) gives us

It may be noted that, for and , the following inequality is always true:

From (11) and (12), we get

By repeating the same procedure, finally from (7) and (10), we yield

By (14), we inductively obtain

Using the fact that ,  , and , it results that

which, by (15), implies that

Consequently, , and this completes the proof.

Now, by a counterexample, we prove that the multistep iteration process is faster than the Mann and Ishikawa iteration processes for Zamfirescu operators.

Example 11. Suppose that is defined by ;  ,   , and ;  ,    , and . It is clear that is a Zamfirescu operator with a unique fixed point and that all of the conditions of Theorem 10 are satisfied. Also, ,  . Suppose that . For the Mann and Ishikawa iteration processes, we have

where    implies that

Now, consider

It is easy to see that

Hence,

Thus, the Mann iteration process converges more slowly than the multistep iteration process to the fixed point of .

Similarly,

with

implies that

Thus, the Ishikawa iteration process converges more slowly than the multistep iteration process to the fixed point of .

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the editor and the referees for their useful comments and suggestions. This study was supported by research funds from Dong-A University.

References

W. R. Mann, “Mean value methods in iteration,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 4, pp. 506–510, 1953.

S. Ishikawa, “Fixed points by a new iteration method,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 44, pp. 147–150, 1974.

B. E. Rhoades and S. M. Soltuz, “The equivalence between Mann-Ishikawa iterations and multistep iteration,” Nonlinear Analysis. Theory, Methods & Applications, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 219–228, 2004.

V. Berinde, “Picard iteration converges faster than Mann iteration for a class of quasi-contractive operators,” Fixed Point Theory and Applications, no. 2, pp. 97–105, 2004.

T. Zamfirescu, “Fix point theorems in metric spaces,” Archiv der Mathematik, vol. 23, pp. 292–298, 1972.

V. Berinde, “On the convergence of the Ishikawa iteration in the class of quasi contractive operators,” Acta Mathematica Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 119–126, 2004.

V. Berinde, “A convergence theorem for some mean value fixed point iteration procedures,” Demonstratio Mathematica, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 177–184, 2005.

G. V. R. Babu and K. N. V. V. Vara Prasad, “Mann iteration converges faster than Ishikawa iteration for the class of Zamfirescu operators,” Fixed Point Theory and Applications, vol. 2006, Article ID 49615, 6 pages, 2006.

Y. Qing and B. E. Rhoades, “Comments on the rate of convergence between Mann and Ishikawa iterations applied to Zamfirescu operators,” Fixed Point Theory and Applications, vol. 2008, Article ID 387504, 3 pages, 2008.