Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 560258, 9 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/560258

Research Article

Fixed Point of a New Three-Step Iteration Algorithm under Contractive-Like Operators over Normed Spaces

Vatan Karakaya,¹ Kadri Doğan,¹ Faik Gürsoy,² and Müzeyyen Ertürk²

¹Department of Mathematical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry-Metallurgical, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey

²Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus, Esenler, 34220 Istanbul, Turkey

Received 2 September 2013; Accepted 14 October 2013

Academic Editor: S. A. Mohiuddine

Copyright © 2013 Vatan Karakaya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We introduce a new three-step iteration scheme and prove that this new iteration scheme is convergent to fixed points of contractive-like operators. Also, by providing an example, we show that our new iteration method is faster than another iteration method due to Suantai (2005). Furthermore, it is shown that this new iteration method is equivalent to some other iteration methods in the sense of convergence. Finally, it is proved that this new iteration method is -stable.

1. Introduction and Preliminaries

Most of nonlinear equations appearing in physical formulations can similarly be transformed into a fixed point equation of the form . To obtain results on existence and uniqueness of such equations' solution, an approximate fixed point theorem is applied. That is, this application will bring us to the solution of the original equation via help of a particular fixed point iteration method. For this reason, it is crucial to define a new iteration method. To decide whether an iteration method is useful for application, it is of paramount importance to answer the following questions.

(i)Does it converge to fixed point of an operator?(ii)Is it faster than the iterations defined in the existing literature?(iii)Is its convergence equivalent to the convergence of the other iteration methods?(iv)Is it -stable? and so forth.

Throughout this paper we examine four essential concepts based on the above questions for a new three-step iteration method when applied to contractive-like mapping.

As a background to our exposition, we now give some information about literature of those concepts.

The first concept of this work is about convergence of fixed point iteration methods. Fixed point iteration methods may exhibit radically different behaviors for various classes of mappings. While a particular fixed point iteration method is convergent for an appropriate class of mappings, it could not be convergent for others. Therefore, it is important to determine whether an iteration method converges to fixed point of a mapping. In this field, there are numerous works regarding convergence of various iterative methods, as one can see in [1–14].

In this work, the second concept is the rate of convergence of iteration methods. After examining convergence of an iteration method, it is important to check whether this iteration method is faster than some well-known iteration methods or not. If it is faster than some current iteration methods, then it could be more useful than the others. More details about the rate of convergence can be found in [10, 15–17].

The third concept for this work is equivalence among convergences of iteration methods. Rhoades and Soltuz [13, 18–20] showed that the convergence of Mann iteration is equivalent to Ishikawa iteration for different classes of operators. They also showed in [21] that the convergence of modified Mann iteration is equivalent to modified Ishikawa iteration under certain mappings. Afterward, Rhoades and Soltuz [14] studied that Mann and Ishikawa iteration sequences are equivalent to a multistep iteration scheme for various classes of the operators. In addition, Soltuz [22] proved that the convergence of Ishikawa iteration is equivalent to that of Mann and Picard iterations for quasicontractive operators. One can find detailed literature concerning this topic in the following list [3–5, 23–25].

The final concept in this work is stability of fixed point iteration methods. The topic of stability, as an application of the theory of fixed point, has been studied by many authors including Harder and Hicks [26, 27], Rhoades [28, 29], Osilike [30, 31], Ostrowski [32], Berinde [33], Olantiwo [9] and Singh and Prasad [34]. First stability result in metric spaces is due to Ostrowski [32], where he established the stability of Picard iteration by employing Banach’s contraction condition. Afterward, several authors studied this concept in different ways.

Throughout this paper, we denote the set of natural numbers by . Let be a normed space, a nonempty convex subset of a normed space , and a self map of . Let , , , , be real sequences satisfying certain conditions. Let be a sequence generated by a particular iteration process including the operator . That is,

where is suitable function and is the initial approximation. Suppose that converges to a fixed point of . Let be an arbitrary sequence and set

for all . Then, the iteration algorithm (1) is said to be -stable or stable with respect to if and only if implies that . If, in (1),

then it is called the Picard iteration process [35].

The Mann iteration procedure given in [7] is defined by

The sequence defined by

is known as the Ishikawa iteration process [6].

The Noor iteration method [8] is defined by

Suantai [11] proposed an iterative scheme as follows:

Agarwal et al. established an S-iteration method in [1] as follows:

Thianwan [12] introduced a two-step Mann iteration by

Recently, Phuengrattana and Suantai [10] defined an SP iteration process as follows:

Inspired by the above iteration process, we will introduce the following new iterative algorithm:

where , , , , and are real sequences in satisfying

Some special cases of the new iteration process given in (11) are as follows.

(i)If and for all , then (11) reduces to Picard iteration (3).(ii)If for all , then (11) reduces to Mann iteration (4).(iii)If for all , then (11) reduces to Ishikawa iteration (5).(iv)If and for all , then (11) reduces to S-iteration (8).(v)If for all , then (11) reduces to two-step Mann iteration (9).(vi)If for all , then (11) reduces to SP iteration (10).

Quite recently, Imoru and Olatinwo [36] introduced a class of operators called contractive-like mappings by

where and is a monotone increasing function with .

In inequality (13), if we take , then it is reduced to the contractive definition due to Osilike and Udomene [31]. Also, by putting in (13), the class of quasicontractive operators reduces to class of operators due to Berinde [2].

In [2] it was shown that the class of these operators is wider than class of Zamfirescu operators given in [37], where , , and , and are real numbers satisfying , , and . Besides, it is easy to see that special case of Zamfirescu operator gives Kannans' and Chatterjeas' results given in [38] and [39], respectively.

In this paper, we will prove that the new iteration method (11) is convergent to fixed point of contractive-like mappings satisfying (13). Also, by using a counterexample given in [17], we compare the rates of convergence between the new iteration method (11) and the iteration method (7) for the same class of mappings satisfying (13). Moreover, we establish an equivalence among convergences of some iteration methods including the new iteration method (11). Finally, we prove that the new iteration method (11) is -stable.

We end this section with the following definition and lemma which will be useful in proving our main results.

Definition 1 (see [17]). Assume that and are two real convergent sequences with limits and , respectively. Then is said to converge faster than if

Lemma 2 (see [33]). If is a real number satisfying and is a sequence of positive numbers such that , then for any sequence of positive numbers satisfying

one has

2. Main Results

Theorem 3. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space and be a mapping satisfying (13) with . Let a sequence defined by (11) with real sequences , , , , satisfying , and . Then the iterative sequence converges strongly to the fixed point of .

Proof. Let be the fixed point of . It can be seen easily from (13) that is the unique fixed point of . To show that converges to the fixed point , we use condition (13). Hence, we have

By combining (17)–(19), we derive

Since , (20) becomes

By continuing the above processes, we obtain the following estimates

for all . Since , and , we have

Therefore ; that is, for all .

Theorem 3 allows us to give the following example which compares the rates of convergence between the new iteration method (11) and the iteration method (7) for contractive-like operators. In the following example, for convenience, we use sequences and associated with the iterative methods (11) and (7), respectively.

Example 4 (see [17]). Define a mapping as . Let , for , and , , for all .

It can be seen easily that the mapping satisfies condition (13) with the unique fixed point . Furthermore, it is easy to see that Example 4 satisfies all the conditions of Theorem 3.

Indeed, let be initial point for iterative methods (11) and (7). By using iterative methods (11) and (7), we have

Now, let us compare these results as follows:

Since

finally we get

Thus, from Definition 1, we conclude that the iteration method (11) is faster than the iteration method (7).

Theorem 5. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space and a mapping satisfying (13) with . If and for all , then the following statements are equivalent.

(i)Mann iteration (4) converges to fixed point .(ii)The new iteration (11) converges to fixed point .

Proof. : Suppose that Mann iteration (4) converges to fixed point ; that is, as . We will show that the new iteration (11) converges to the fixed point ; that is, as . Using (4), (11), and (13), we have

Substituting (32) in (31), we get

By combining (30), (32), and (33) and using the assumption , we have

Denote that

Since and , it follows from (13) that . Hence by Lemma 2 we see that

Also, from triangle inequality we have

and this leads to as .

Now, suppose that as . We will show that as . Using (4), (11), and (13), the following estimates can be obtained:

By substituting (40) in (39), we obtain

Again by substituting (40) and (41) in (38) and using the assumption , we have

Now define

Since as and , it follows from (13) that

Since the function is continuous, we get

Thus Lemma 2 and (42) give as .

Also, from triangle inequality we have

and this yields as .

With regard to ([5], Corollary 2) and Theorem 5, we can without hesitation give the following corollary.

Corollary 6. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of an arbitrary Banach space and a mapping satisfying (13) with . If the initial point is the same for all iterations and , for all , then the following expressions are equivalent.

(1)The Picard iteration (1) converges to the fixed point of .(2)The Krasnoselskij iteration [40] converges to the fixed point of .(3)The Mann iteration (4) converges to the fixed point of .(4)The Ishikawa iteration (5) converges to the fixed point of .(5)The Noor iteration (6) converges to the fixed point of .(6)The S-iteration (8) converges to the fixed point of .(7)The two-step Mann iteration (9) converges to the fixed point of .(8)The SP iteration (10) converges to the fixed point of .(9)The multistep iteration [14] converges to the fixed point of .(10)The new multistep iteration [41] converges to the fixed point of .(11)The new iteration (11) converges to the fixed point of .

Theorem 7. Let be an arbitrary Banach space, a self-map of satisfying (13) with , and the unique fixed point of . For , let be the new iteration method defined by (11) with real sequences , , , , satisfying , for all . Then the new iteration method (11) is -stable.

Proof. Let be an arbitrary sequence in . Define

for all , where and . Suppose that as and . Then, we prove that . From condition (13), we have the following estimates:

Substituting (49) and (50) in (48) and using the assumption , for all , we obtain

Thus an application of Lemma 2 to (51) yields .

Conversely, assume that . We now show that . From condition (13) and triangle inequality we have

Since and , for all ,

By taking the limit as of both sides of (52) and using the assumption , we have .

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

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