Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 914592, 9 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/914592

Research Article

The Solvability and Optimal Controls for Some Fractional Impulsive Equation

Xianghu Liu,¹ Zhenhai Liu,² and Jiangfeng Han³

¹School of Mathematics and Statistics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410075, China

²College of Sciences, Guangxi University for Nationalities Nanning, Guangxi 530006, China

³Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, ul. S. Lojasiewicza 6, 30-348 Krakow, Poland

Received 21 April 2013; Revised 18 June 2013; Accepted 27 July 2013

Academic Editor: Naseer Shahzad

Copyright © 2013 Xianghu Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

This paper is concerned with the existence and uniqueness of mild solution of some fractional impulsive equations. Firstly, we introduce the fractional calculus, Gronwall inequality, and Leray-Schauder’s fixed point theorem. Secondly with the help of them, the sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of solutions is presented. Finally we give an example to illustrate our main results.

1. Introduction

In this paper, we study some fraction evolution with finite impulsive:

where is the standard Caputo fractional derivative of order , , , is a generator of a semigroup defined on a complex Banach space , let be a given function and satisfying some assumptions that will be specified later, the function is continous, and ,  , and denote the right and the left limits of at ,   is a given control function in another Banach space , and is a linear operator from to .

The fractional calculus and fractional difference equations have attracted lots of authors during the past years, and they gave some outstanding work [1–4], because they described many phenomena in engineering, physics, science, and controllability. Delay evolution equation allows someone to think after-effect, so it is a relative important equation. There are some significant development; for example, Wang et al. [5, 6] consider the following fractional delay nonlinear integrodiffrential controlled system:

and they used laplace transform and probability density functions to prove some sufficient conditions of some fractional nonlinear finite time delay evolution equations. Shu et al. [7] used the solution operator of semigroup to investigate the system given by

Benchohra et al. [8] deal with existence of mild solutions of some fractional functional evolution equations with infinite delay. Balachandran et al. [9] concerned the relative controllability of fractional dynamical with delays in control. Specially, Cuevas and Lizama [10] studied some sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic mild solutions to the following semilinear fractional differential equation fractional differential equations:

Bazhlekova [11] studied the fractional evolution equations in Banach spaces. Xue and Xiong [12] concerned the existence and uniqueness of mild solutions for abstract differential equations given by

Motivated by the abovementioned works, we study (1). The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, some notation and preparation are given. In Section 3, some mainly results of (1) are obtained. At last, an example is given to demonstrate our results.

2. Preliminar

In this section, we will give some definitions and preliminar which will be used in the paper. The norm of the space will be defined by . Let denote the Banach space of all value continuous functions from into , the norm . Let the another banach space ,  , there exist , , ,  ,  . We can use to denote the Banach space of all Lebesgue measurable functions from to with , and denote the Banach space of functions which are Bochner integrable normed by , .

Let us recall some known definitions; for more details, see [2–4].

Let that ,  , and is a suitable function.

Definition 1 (Riemann-Liouville fractional integral and derivative operators). The integral operator is defined on by

The derivative operators are defined as , where and

Definition 2. Caputo fractional derivative of of order is defined as

If , we can write the Caputo derivative of the function ,   via the above Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative as

Let us recollect the generalized Gronwall inequality which can be found in [13] and will be used in our main result.

Lemma 3. Suppose , is a nonnegative function locally integrable on , and is a nonnegative, nondecreasing continuous function defined on , (constant), and is nonnegative and locally integrable on with

Then

Remark 4. Under the hypothesis of Lemma 3, let be a nondecreasing function on . Then

where is the Mittag-Leffler function defined by

By Lemma 3 and Remark 4, we can establish a useful nonlinear impulsive Gronwall inequality which will be used in calculating.

Lemma 5 (see [14]). Let satisfy the following inequality:

where are constants. Then

where .

Specially, if ,

We also introduce the following theorem that will be used in our mainly result.

Theorem 6 (Hölder’s inequality). Assume that , , and ;  if and then and .

Theorem 7 (Arzela-Ascoli theorem). If a sequence in is bounded and equicontinuous, then it has a uniformly convergent subsequence.

Theorem 8 (Leray-Schauder’s fixed point theorem). If is a closed bounded and convex subset of Banach space and is completely continuous, then the has a fixed point in .

3. Existence and Uniqueness of Mild Solution

In this section, we will investigate the existence and uniqueness for impulsive fractional differential equations with the help of the Leray-Schauder’s fixed point theorem and someone else. Without loss of generality, let , .

Firstly, we will make the following assumptions be satisfied on the data of our problem.

: is a compact semigroup, and there exists a constant , such that .:The function satisfies the following:(i) is measurable for all ;(ii) there exists a constant such that , for all ;(iii) there exists a real function , , and a constant , such that ,  for a.e. and all .: () satisfies the following:(i) maps a bounded set to a bounded set;(ii) there exist constants () such that

(iii).:Let be a separable reflexive Banach space. Operator , , stands for the norm of operator on Banach space .:The multivalued maps (where is a class of nonempty closed and convex subsets of ) are measurable and where are a bounded set of .

Set the admissible control set:

Then, (see Proposition  2.1.7 and Lemma  2.3.2 of [15]). And it is obvious that for all .

According to Definitions 1 and 2 and by comparison with the fractional differential equations given in [5, 16, 17], then we shall define the concept of mild solution for problem (1) as follows.

Definition 9. A function is said to be a solution (mild solution) of the problem (1) if such that

where

where is a probability density function defined on , that is

Lemma 10 (see [17]). The operators and have the following properties and there exists as described in .

(i)For any fixed , and are linear and bounded operators; that is,  for any ,

(ii) and are strongly continuous.(iii)For any , and are also compact operators if   is compact.

Lemma 11. If the assumptions – are satisfied and (1) is mildly solvable on , then there exists a constant such that .

Proof. If (1) can be solvable on , we may suppose is the mild solution of it, so must satisfy (19) as follows:

For , , through calculating, we can get that

Let , then

so it follows from Lemma 5,

where

The proof is completed.

Theorem 12. Assume that the hypotheses – are satisfied, and then the problem (1) has an unique mild solution on provided that

Proof. Transform the problem (1) into a fixed point theorem. Consider the operator defined by

Clearly, the problem of finding mild solutions of (1) is reduced to find the fixed points of the , the proof base on Theorem 8. Now we prove that the operator satisfies all the conditions of the Theorem 8.

Firstly, choose

and consider the bounded set .

Next, for the sake of convenient, we divide the proof into several steps.

Step  1. We prove that .

In fact, for each , , , we have

Hence, we can deduce that .

Step  2. We show that is continuous.

Let be a sequence such that in as . Then, for each , , we obtain

as , and it is easy to see that

that is, is continuous.

Step  3.   is equicontinuous on .

Let ; then, for each , we obtain

Let

By (ii) of Lemma 10, we have

By the assumption , we obtain

and we get

Combining the estimations for , , let and , and we know that , which implies that is equicontinuous.

Step  4. Now we show that is compact.

Let , be fixed, and we show that the set is relatively compact in .

Clearly, is compact, so it is only necessary to consider . For each , , and any , we define

where

From the compactness of  , we obtain that the set is relatively compact set in for each and . Moreover, we have

when and , we can easily find , , , . Therefore, there are relatively compact sets arbitrarily close to the set . Hence the set is also relatively compact in .

As a result, by the conclusion of Theorem 8, we obtain that has a fixed point on . So system (1) has a unique mild solution on . The proof is completed.

4. Optimal Control Results

In the following, we will consider the Lagrange problem (P).

Find a control pair such that

where

and denotes the mild solution of system (1) corresponding to the control .

For the existence of solution for problem (P), we shall introduce the following assumption.

The function satisfies the following.(i)The function is Borel measurable;(ii) is sequentially lower semicontinuous on for almost all ;(iii) is convex on for each and almost all ;(iv)there exist constants , , is nonnegative, and such that

Next, we can give the following result on existence of optimal controls for problem (P).

Theorem 13. Let the assumptions of Theorem 12 and hold. Suppose that is a strongly continuous operator. Then Lagrange problem () admits at least one optimal pair; that is, there exists an admissible control pair such that

Proof. If , there is nothing to prove.

Without loss of generality, we assume that . Using , we have . By definition of infimum, there exists a minimizing sequence feasible pair is a mild solution of system (31) corresponding to , such that as . Since is a bounded subset of the separable reflexive Banach space , there exists a subsequence, relabeled as , and such that

Since is closed and convex, due to Marzur lemma, . Let denote the sequence of solutions of the system (1) corresponding to , is the mild solution of the system (1) corresponding to .   and satisfy the following integral equation, respectively:

It follows the boundedness of , and Lemma 11, one can check that there exists a positive number such that , .

For , we obtain

By (ii), we have

Using Lemma 10(i) and by (ii), one can obtain

Similarly, one has

Since is strongly continuous, we have

which implies

Thus

by virtue of singular version Gronwall inequality (i.e., Lemma 5), we obtain

This yields that

Note that implies all of the assumptions of Balder (see [18], Theorem  2.1) are satisfied. Hence, by Balders theorem, we can conclude that is sequentially lower semicontinuous in the strong topology of . Since , is weakly lower semicontinuous on , and since, by (iv), attains its infimum at ; that is,

The proof is completed.

5. An Example

Consider the following initial-boundary value problem of fractional impulsive parabolic control system

with the cost function

where , is continuous, , .

Take and the operator is defined by

where the domain is given by

Then can be written as

where is an orthonormal basis of . It is well known that is the infinitesimal generator of a compact semigroup in given by

It is easy to see that

and then

Hence, all the conditions of Theorem 12 are satisfied, and system (58) has a unique optimal solution.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the referees for their careful reading of the paper and insightful comments, which help to improve the quality of the paper. They would also like to acknowledge the valuable comments and suggestions from the editors, which vastly contributed to improve the presentation of the paper.

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