Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 738609, 6 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/738609

Research Article

Generalized Bilinear Differential Operators, Binary Bell Polynomials, and Exact Periodic Wave Solution of Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation

Huanhe Dong,¹ Yanfeng Zhang,¹ Yongfeng Zhang,¹ and Baoshu Yin2,3

¹College of Mathematics and System Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China

²Institute of Oceanology, China Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

³Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Wave, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Received 5 May 2014; Accepted 20 June 2014; Published 8 July 2014

Academic Editor: Tiecheng Xia

Copyright © 2014 Huanhe Dong et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We introduce how to obtain the bilinear form and the exact periodic wave solutions of a class of ()-dimensional nonlinear integrable differential equations directly and quickly with the help of the generalized -operators, binary Bell polynomials, and a general Riemann theta function in terms of the Hirota method. As applications, we solve the periodic wave solution of BLMP equation and it can be reduced to soliton solution via asymptotic analysis when the value of is 5.

1. Introduction

It is significantly important to research nonlinear evolution equations in exploring physical phenomena in depth [1, 2]. Since the soliton theory has been proposed, the research on seeking the exact solutions of the soliton equations has attracted great attention and made great progress. A series of methods have been proposed, such as Painléve test [3], Bäcklund transformation method [4, 5], Darboux transformation [6], inverse scattering transformation method [7], Lie group method [8, 9], and Hamiltonian method [10, 11]. Particularly, Hirota direct method [12, 13] provides a direct approach to solve a kind of specific bilinear differential equations among the exciting methods. As we all know, once the bilinear forms of nonlinear differential equations are obtained, we can construct the multisoliton solutions, the bilinear Bäcklund transformation, and Lax pairs easily. It is clear that the key of Hirota direct method is to find the bilinear forms of the given differential equations by the Hirota differential -operators. Recently, Ma put forward generalized bilinear differential operators named -operators in [14] which are used to create bilinear differential equations. Furthermore, different symbols are also used to furnish relations with Bell polynomials in [15], and even for trilinear equations in [16].

In this paper, we would like to explore the relations between multivariate binary Bell polynomials [17–19] and the -operators and to find the bilinear form of Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli (BLMP) equation [20, 21]. Then, we can obtain the exact periodic wave solution [22–25] of the BLMP equation with the help of a general Riemann theta function in terms of Hirota method.

The paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we will give a brief introduction about the difference between the Hirota differential -operators and the generalized -operators. In Section 3, we will explore the relations between multivariate binary Bell polynomials and the -operators. In Section 4, we will use the relation in Section 2 to seek the differential form of the BLMP equation and then take advantage of the Riemann theta function [26, 27] and Hirota method to obtain its exact periodic wave solution which can be reduced to the soliton solution via asymptotic analysis.

2. Hirota Bilinear -Operators and the Generalized -Operators

It is known to us that Hirota bilinear -operators play a significant role in Hirota direct method. The -operators are defined in [14] as the following:

where . Generally, we have

where .

For instance, for the Boussinesq equation

under , we have

we can get its bilinear form with -operators

However, based on the Hirota -operators, Professor Ma put forward a kind of generalized bilinear -operators in [14]:

where, for an integer , the th power of is defined by

with .

For example, if , the -operators are Hirota operators.

If , we have

By (6) and (8), it is clear to see that

Now, under , the generalized bilinear Boussinesq equation can be expressed as

Then, we would like to discuss how to use the -operator to seek the bilinear differential form of other nonlinear integrable differential equations with the help of binary Bell polynomial.

3. Binary Bell Polynomial

As we all know, Bell proposed three kinds of exponent-form polynomials. Later, Lambert, Gilson, and their partners generalized the third type of Bell polynomials in [28, 29] which is used mainly in this paper.

The multidimensional binary Bell polynomials which we will use are defined as follows:

in which .

In that way, we have

For convenience, we assume that

and read that

We find that the link between -polynomials and the -operator can be given as the following through the above deduction:

Particularly, when , we define -polynomials by

When , we can obtain that

Let us now utilize the -polynomials given above to seek the bilinear form of BLMP equation with the -operators.

4. Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli Equation

In this section, firstly, we will give the bilinear form of BLMP equation with the help of -polynomials and the -operators. And then, we construct the exact periodic wave solution of BLMP equation with the aid of the Riemann theta function, Hirota direct method, and the special property of the -operators when acting on exponential functions.

4.1. Bilinear Form

BLMP equation can be written as

Setting , inserting it into (18), and integrating with respect to yields

where is an integral constant.

Based on (17), (19) can be expressed as

From the above, we can get the bilinear form of (18):

with .

4.2. Periodic Wave Solutions

When acting on exponential functions, we find that -operators have a good property

if we assume that

As a result of the property above, we consider Riemann’s theta function solution of (18):

where , with , , and being constants to be determined.

Then, we have

where .

To the bilinear form of BLMP equation, satisfies the period characters when . The powers of obey rule (7), noting that

where .

From (26) we can infer that

For (21), we may let

Also, the powers of obey rule (7). For the sake of computational convenience, we denote that

By (28), (29), and (30), we can get that

In view of (30), it is easy to see that

Thus, we obtain the periodic wave solution of BLMP equation:

where is given by (24) and are satisfied with (31).

Then, assuming , based on (29), we may obtain that

which lead to

So, we have and , as .

It is interesting that if we set

which can infer that

From all the above, it can be proved that the periodic wave solution (32) just goes to the soliton solution

Thus, if we assume that , , and to the solution

solution of (18) can be shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Solution of (18).

5. Conclusions and Remarks

In this paper, we obtain the bilinear form of bilinear differential equations by applying the -operators and binary Bell polynomials, which has proved to be a quick and direct method. Furthermore, together with Riemann theta function and Hirota method, we successfully get the exact periodic wave solution and figure of BLMP equation when .

There are many other interesting questions on bilinear differential equations, for example, how to apply the generalized operators into the discrete equations; it is known that researches on the discrete and differential equations are also significant. Besides, we will try to explore other operators to construct more nonlinear evolution equations simply and directly in the near future.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 11271007), Nature Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (no. ZR2013AQ017), the Strategic Pioneering Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (no. XDA 10020104), SDUST Research Fund (no. 2012 KYTD105), Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Chinese Academy of Science (no. KLOCAW1401), and Graduate Innovation Foundation from Shandong University of Science and Technology (no. YC130321).

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