Abstract and Applied Analysis
Volume 2015 (2015), Article ID 290674, 6 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/290674

Research Article

Existence and Uniqueness Results for Fractional Differential Equations with Riemann-Liouville Fractional Integral Boundary Conditions

Mohamed I. Abbas

Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt

Received 12 September 2015; Accepted 17 November 2015

Academic Editor: Jozef Banas

Copyright © 2015 Mohamed I. Abbas. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We prove the existence and uniqueness of solution for fractional differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional integral boundary conditions. The first existence and uniqueness result is based on Banach’s contraction principle. Moreover, other existence results are also obtained by using the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. An example is given to illustrate the main results.

1. Introduction

Very recently, fractional differential equations have gained much attention due to extensive applications of these equations in the mathematical modelling of physical, engineering, biological phenomena and viscoelasticity (see, e.g., [1, 2]). There has been a significant development in fractional differential equations. One can see the monographs of Kilbas et al. [3], Miller and Ross [4], Lakshmikantham et al. [5], and Podlubny [6]. In particular, Agarwal et al. [7] establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions for various classes of initial and boundary value problem for fractional differential equations and inclusions involving the Caputo fractional derivative in finite dimensional spaces.

Moreover, the theory of boundary value problems with integral boundary conditions for ordinary differential equations arises in different areas of applied mathematics and physics. For example, heat conduction, chemical engineering, underground water flow, thermoelasticity, population dynamics [8], and cellular systems [9] can be reduced to the nonlocal problems with integral boundary conditions. For boundary value problems with integral boundary conditions and comments on their importance, we refer the reader to the papers [10–13] and so forth.

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of solution for fractional differential equations with Riemann-Liouville fractional integral boundary conditions of the following form:

where is the Caputo fractional derivative of order , is the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order , and are real constants.

Moreover, is a continuous function satisfying some assumptions that will be specified later and is a Banach space with norm .

2. Preliminaries

We now gather some definitions and preliminary facts which will be used throughout this paper. Denote by the Banach space of continuous functions , with the usual supremum norm

We need some basic definitions and properties [6, 14] of fractional calculus which are used in this paper.

Definition 1. The Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of order of the function is defined as

Definition 2. For a function defined on the interval , the Caputo fractional order derivative of is defined by

where and denotes the integer part of .

From the definition of the Caputo derivative, the following auxiliary results have been established in [3].

Lemma 3. Let ; then the differential equation has solutions

for some , .

Lemma 4. Let ; then

for some , , .

To study the boundary value problem (1), we first consider the associated linear problem and obtain its solution.

Lemma 5. For a given , the unique mild solution of the fractional boundary value problem,

satisfies the following integral equation:

where

Proof. By Lemma 4, we reduce (7) to an equivalent integral equation

Then we have

where the integral

is evaluated with the help of the substitution and the definition of the beta function .
Applying the boundary conditions in (7), we have

Using (13) in (14) together with (9), we obtain

Substituting the values of and in (10), we get (8). This completes the proof.

Lemma 6 (Arzelà-Ascoli, [15]). If a sequence in a compact subset of is uniformly bounded and equicontinuous, then it has a uniformly convergent subsequence.

Lemma 7 (Krasnoselskii, [15]). Let be a closed convex and nonempty subset of a Banach space . Let and be two operators such that

(i), wherever ;(ii) is compact and continuous;(iii) is a contraction mapping.

Then there exists such that .

3. Main Results

In view of Lemma 5, we define the operator as follows:

For the forthcoming analysis we impose suitable conditions on the functions involved in the boundary value problem (1). Namely, we assume the following:

(H1)The function is continuous and satisfies the following Lipschitz condition with constant :

(H2)Let and be two nonnegative real numbers such that and

 where .

Our first result is based on Banach’s contraction principle.

Theorem 8. Assume that conditions (H1) and (H2) are satisfied. Then the boundary value problem (1) has a unique solution in .

Proof. We need to prove that the operator has a fixed point on the set . For , we have

Therefore,

which implies that . Hence, maps into itself.
Now, we will prove that is a contraction mapping on . For , we have

Therefore,

Hence, the operator is a contraction. Then has a unique fixed point which is a solution of the boundary value problem (1).
The following result is based on the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. To apply this theorem, we need the following hypothesis:

(H3)There exist such that

Theorem 9. Assume that conditions (H1) and (H3) are satisfied. Then the boundary value problem (1) has at least a solution in , provided that

Proof. Letting , we fix

On , we define the two operators and as follows:

For , we have

Hence, .
On the other hand, from together with (24), it is easy to see that

and since , then is a contraction mapping.
Moreover, continuity of implies that the operator is continuous. Also, is uniformly bounded on and

Now we prove the compactness of the operator .
In view of we define and consequently we have for , , and

which is independent of and tends to zero as . Thus, is equicontinuous. Hence, by the Arzelà-Ascoli Theorem (Lemma 6), is compact on . Thus, all the assumptions of Lemma 7 are satisfied. So the conclusion of the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem implies that the boundary value problem (1) has at least one solution on . This completes the proof of Theorem 9.

4. An Example

Consider the following fractional boundary value problem:

where , , , , , , , , and , .

Here, is given by

Then we have

Therefore, is satisfied with .

Moreover,

Therefore, , , and .

Also, we get .

Finally, simple calculations give

Clearly, all the assumptions of Theorems 8 and 9 are satisfied. So there exists at least one solution of the boundary value problem (31) on .

5. Conclusion

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness for fractional order differential equations with Riemann-Liouville integral boundary conditions (1) in Banach spaces. Existence and uniqueness results of solutions are established by virtue of fractional calculus, Banach’s contraction principle, and the Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem. As applications, an example is presented to illustrate the main results.

Conflict of Interests

The author declares that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

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