Advances in High Energy Physics

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 717848, 6 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/717848

Research Article

Analyzing the Anomalous Dipole Moment Type Couplings of Heavy Quarks with FCNC Interactions at the CLIC

A. T. Tasci, A. Senol, and C. Verep

Department of Physics, Kastamonu University, 37100 Kastamonu, Turkey

Received 24 October 2013; Revised 11 February 2014; Accepted 24 March 2014; Published 9 April 2014

Academic Editor: Alexey A. Petrov

Copyright © 2014 A. T. Tasci et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The publication of this article was funded by SCOAP³.

Abstract.

We examine both anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type couplings of a heavy quark via its single production with subsequent dominant standard model decay modes at the compact linear collider (CLIC). The signal and background cross sections are analyzed for heavy quark masses 600 and 700 GeV. We make the analysis to delimitate these couplings as well as to find the attainable integrated luminosities for observation limit.

1. Introduction

Discovery of new particles performs a crucial role for physics beyond the standard model (SM) and may play a milestone role in the discovery of some open questions like the electroweak symmetry breaking [1–5], fermion mass spectrum hierarchies and mixing angle in quark/lepton sectors [6–10], CP violation, and flavor structure of standard theory [11–17]. The precise determination of heavy quark properties may present the existence of new physics. A heavy down-type quark () with mass less than 645 GeV and an up-type quark () with mass less than 585 GeV [18] are excluded at 95% confidence level from proton-proton collisions at  TeV ATLAS detector at the CERN large hadron collider.

Searching for new sources of CP violation beyond the SM is an attractive subject in particle physics, since it explains the asymmetry between matter and antimatter. CP violating anomalous flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) couplings have been considered in the literature before at hadron [19] and [20, 21] colliders. This type of FCNC interactions offer an ideal place to search for new physics. Due to the large mass values, heavy quarks have crucial advantage to new interactions originating at a higher scale as in top quark physics. Recently, anomalous FCNC quark couplings, such as (), were experimentally restricted by some collaborations. For instance, the upper limits observed from vertices by ATLAS collaboration are and assuming only one coupling is kept nonzero [22], while D0 set limits are [23] and CDF set limits are   [24]. Recent observed upper limits on the coupling strengths from CMS collaboration, which analyzed both and vertices probed simultaneously, are , and [25].

Serious contributions can be expected for the production of the heavy fermions, due to the anomalous magnetic moment type interactions. Phenomenological studies with these anomalous effects of these quarks have been performed on hadron colliders [26–31], on electron proton colliders [32, 33], and on linear colliders [34]. In this work, we study the production of single heavy quark at compact linear collider (CLIC) [35] via both anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type interactions. CLIC, a most popular proposed linear collider on TeV scale, would complete the LHC results by performing precision measurements to provide necessary information about some parameters of heavy quarks. The aim of this study is to delimitate the anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type couplings of quark from a detailed signal and background analysis including Monte Carlo simulation with the effects of initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung (BS) in the collisions.

2. Single Production and Decay of Quark

The interaction Lagrangian for quark within the SM is given by

where , and are the vector fields for photon, gluon, boson, and boson, respectively. is the electroweak coupling constant and is the strong coupling constant. are the Gell-Mann matrices; is the electric charge of heavy quark and are the vector and axial-vector type couplings of the neutral weak current with quark; is the weak mixing angle, and . denotes the elements of extended 4 ×4 CKM mixing matrix which are constrained by flavor physics.

The anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type interactions among heavy quark , ordinary quarks , and the neutral gauge bosons can be described by an effective Lagrangian which contains the anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type couplings given by

where , and are the field strength tensors of the gauge bosons; is the electric charge of the quark (). and are the anomalous magnetic (dipole) moment type couplings with photon, boson, and gluon, respectively. Note that ’s are CP violating and is the cutoff scale of new interactions and we assume and .

CP violating flavor changing neutral current processes within the SM with the and quarks are analyzed by constructing and employing global unique fit of the unitary CKM mass mixing matrix at  = 600 and 700 GeV separately, in [36]. In our calculations we use this parameterization for values of the CKM matrix elements and we assume with a mass splitting of  GeV. We implement the related interaction vertices, given in the effective Lagrangian, into the tree level event generator CompHEP package [37] for numerical calculations. In Figure 1, branching ratios (BR) dependence on for SM decay channels () and anomalous decay channels () of quark which are calculated by using Lagrangians (1) and (2) are given for  GeV and . As seen from this figure, SM decay channel, , is dominant for less than 0.2 changing around 27–63 BR. Total decay widths of quark dependence on are given in Figure 2 for and 700 GeV with and 0.1 .

Figure 1: Branching ratios () of all decay channels depending on for  GeV.

Figure 2: The total decay width of the quark as function of .

The contributing tree level Feynman Diagram for the anomalous single production of quark in collision is shown in Figure 3. In Figure 4, the total cross sections for single production of quark are plotted at collision center of mass energy of 3 TeV with respect to for and 700 GeV with and 0.1 . Initial state radiation (ISR) and beamstrahlung (BS) are specific features of the linear colliders. We take the beam parameters for the CLIC given in Table 1, when calculating the ISR and BS effects. Hereafter, in all our numerical calculations we take into account ISR + BS effects.

Table 1: Main parameters of the CLIC.

Parameters
CLIC

 TeV
3

( cm⁻² s⁻¹)
5.9

(10¹⁰)
0.372

(nm)
45

(nm)
1

(μm)
44

Here, is the number of particles in bunch; and are beam sizes; and is the bunch length.

Figure 3: Feynman diagram for anomalous single production of quark in collision.

Figure 4: The total cross sections at  TeV for the process as function of .

3. Signal and Background Analysis

The signal process of single production of quark including the dominant SM decay mode over anomalous decay is , where . The dominant source of SM background process is for the corresponding signal processes.

In the transverse momentum, rapidity, and invariant mass distributions analysis, we assume . In Figure 5, the transverse momentum () distributions of the final state quark for signal and background are shown for CLIC energy. We applied a cut of  GeV to reduce the background, comparing the signal distribution of quark with that of the corresponding background.

Figure 5: The differential cross section depending on the transverse momentum of the final state quark of process for SM background (solid line) and signal with different mass values of quarks at 3 TeV.

In Figure 6, we plot the rapidity distributions of final state quark in signal and background processes. According to these figures, the cut can be applied to suppress the background while the signal remains almost unchanged.

Figure 6: The rapidity distribution of the final state quark at  TeV for the process .

In Figure 7, the invariant mass distributions for the system in the final state are plotted. From these figures, we can see that the signal has a peak around mass of quark over the background.

Figure 7: The invariant mass distribution of the final state system for SM background (solid line) and signal from decay for  GeV (dashed line) and  GeV (dot-dashed line) at  TeV.

In Table 2, we calculate cross sections of the signal and background and the statistical significance () to discuss the observability of 600 and 700 GeV quark for and 0.01  by taking at CLIC. The of the signal is obtained by using the following formula:

where is the signal and is the background cross sections for the process, respectively, and . We take into account finite energy resolution of the detectors for realistic analysis. In our numerical calculations we use the mass bin width to count signal and background events with the mass resolution . The mentioned and cuts are applied assuming the integrated luminosity given in Table 1.

Table 2: The signal and background cross sections and signal statistical significance (SS) by taking  TeV⁻¹ for the CLIC at  TeV with integrated luminosity of  pb⁻¹.

(GeV)
 TeV⁻¹
 TeV⁻¹

(fb)
(fb)
SS
(fb)
(fb)
SS

600
3.01

19.72

1.10

700
2.63

18.43

0.95

After this point, we will focus on limiting the anomalous magnetic and dipole moment type couplings. Firstly, in Figure 8, we present the contour plot for plane at  TeV with  GeV. According to these figures, the lower limits of and are about 0.033  at the CLIC energy.

Figure 8: The contour plot for the anomalous couplings reachable at  TeV with for GeV.

To analyze the case of , the contour plots for the anomalous couplings in the plane are presented in Figure 9 at  TeV with (a)  GeV and (b)  GeV by taking into account different values of . According to these figures the lower limits of and are about 0.038  for  GeV and 0.019  for  GeV with . In Figures 8 and 9, allowed parameter space area of quark is above the lines.

(a)

(b)

Figure 9: The contour plot for the anomalous dipole moment type couplings reachable at (a) GeV and (b) GeV.

We plot the lowest necessary luminosities with observation limits for (a)  GeV and (b)  GeV at  TeV depending on anomalous couplings in Figure 10. In the case of , it is seen that from these figures, quarks with masses 600 and 700 GeV can be observed at observation limit with lowest integrated luminosity at the order of at CLIC.

(a)

(b)

Figure 10: The attainable integrated luminosity for observation limit for (a)  GeV and (b)  GeV for  TeV depending on anomalous dipole moment type couplings.

4. Conclusion

The anomalous FCNC interactions of heavy quarks could be important for some parameter regions due to the expected large masses. The sensitivity to the anomalous couplings (, ) and (, ) can be obtained for  GeV about (0.033, 0.033) and (0.035, 0.038) for , and for  GeV (, ) values can be obtained about (0.019, 0.0195) for with TeV. We also find the lowest necessary luminosity limit values at the order of for CLIC.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

This research has been partially supported by Kastamonu University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department under the Grant no. KUBAP-03/2012-01.

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