Complexity
Volume 2018 (2018), Article ID 8714694, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8714694

Research Article

Weak Solutions of a Coupled System of Urysohn-Stieltjes Functional (Delayed) Integral Equations

A. M. A. El-Sayed¹ and M. M. A. Al-Fadel²

¹Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
²Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Al Bayda, Libya

Correspondence should be addressed to A. M. A. El-Sayed; amasayed@gmail.com

Received 16 April 2018; Accepted 31 July 2018; Published 4 September 2018

Academic Editor: Lucia Valentina Gambuzza

Copyright © 2018 A. M. A. El-Sayed and M. M. A. Al-Fadel. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We study the existence of weak solutions for the coupled system of functional integral equations of Urysohn-Stieltjes type in the reflexive Banach space . As an application, the coupled system of Hammerstien-Stieltjes functional integral equations is also studied.

1. Introduction and Preliminaries

Consider the Urysohn-Stieltjes integral equation:

where is nondecreasing in the second argument (see [1]) and the symbol indicates the integration with respect to . Equations of type (1) and some of their generalizations were considered in the paper (see [2]). We remark here that when , these types of equations have been studied by Banaś (see [1–5]) and also by some other authors, for example (see [6–10] and for coupled systems [11]). For the solutions in a reflexive Banach space (see [12, 13]).

In this paper, let be continuous functions on We generalize these results to study the existence of weak solutions for the coupled system of Urysohn-Stieltjes functional (delayed) integral equations:

in the reflexive Banach space under the weak-weak continuity assumption imposed on

As an application, we study the existence of weak solutions for the coupled system of Hammerstien-Stieltjes functional integral equations:

For the definition, background, and properties of the Stieltjes integral, we refer to Banaś [1]. However, the coupled system of integral equations has been studied, recently, by some authors (see [14, 15]).

Throughout this paper, otherwise stated, denotes a reflexive Banach space with norm and dual . Denote by the Banach space of strongly continuous functions with sup-norm.

Let be a Banach space with the norm defined as

Now, we shall present some auxiliary results that will be needed in this work. Let be a Banach space (need not be reflexive) and let ; then

(1) is said to be weakly continuous (measurable) on if for every is continuous (measurable) on .(2)A function is said to be weakly sequentially continuous if maps weakly convergent sequences in to weakly convergent sequences in .

If is weakly continuous on , then is strongly measurable and hence weakly measurable (see [16, 17]). It is evident that in reflexive Banach spaces, if is weakly continuous function on , then is weakly Riemann integrable (see [17]). Since the space of all weakly Riemann-Stieltjes integrable functions is not complete, we will restrict our attention to the existence of weak solutions of the coupled system (2) in the space .

Definition 1. Let . Then is said to be weakly-weakly continuous at ; if given ; there exists and a weakly open set containing such that

whenever

Now, we have the following fixed point theorem, due to O’Regan, in the Banach space (see [18]).

Theorem 1. Let be a Banach space, let be a nonempty, bounded, closed, and convex subset of , and let be weakly sequentially continuous and assume that is relatively weakly compact in for each . Then has a fixed point in set .

Recall [19] that a subset of a reflexive Banach space is weakly compact if and only if it is closed in the weak topology and bounded in the norm topology. Thus, putting in mind that is a bounded subset of , then the condition is weakly relatively compact and is automatically satisfied. Accordingly, we immediately have the following theorem.

Theorem 2. Let be a reflexive Banach space with a nonempty, closed, convex, and equicontinuous subset of . Assume that is weakly sequentially continuous. Then has a fixed point in .

Proposition 1. In the reflexive Banach space, the subset is weakly relatively compact if and only if it is bounded in the norm topology.

Proposition 2. Let be a normed space with and . Then there exists a with and .

2. Main Results

In this section, we present our main result by proving the existence of weak solutions for the coupled system of Urysohn-Stieltjes integral equation (2) in the reflexive Banach space. Let us first state the following assumptions:

Assumption 1.

Assumption 2. is a continuous function such that

Assumption 3. satisfy the following conditions:

(1) are continuous functions on for every (2) are weakly-weakly continuous functions, (3)There exist two continuous functions and two positive constants , such that .

Assumption 4. The functions and are continuous on

Assumption 5. For all such that , the functions are nondecreasing on .

Assumption 6. , for any .

Remark 1. Observe that Assumptions 5 and 6 imply that the function is nondecreasing on the interval , for any fixed (Remark 1 in [5]). Indeed, putting in Assumption 5 and keeping in mind Assumption 6, we obtain the desired conclusion. From this observation, it follows immediately that, for every , the function is of bounded variation on .

Definition 2. By a weak solution for the coupled system (2), we mean the pair of functions such that

for all .

Now, let

Then we have the following theorem.

Theorem 3. Under the Assumptions 1–6, the coupled system of Urysohn-Stieltjes integral equation (2) has at least one weak solution .

Proof 1. Define an operator by

where

For every , is continuous on and are weakly continuous on ; then are continuous for every . Hence, in view of bounded variational of it follows, is weakly Riemann-Stieltjes integrable on with respect to . Thus, make sense.
Now, we can prove that and for , , , and (without loss of generality, assume that ), and there exists , such that

Hence,

Similarly, we can show that

Now,

and

Then from the continuity of the functions, is required in Assumption 4; we deduce that maps into
Define the sets and by

and

Now, define the closed, convex, bounded, equicontinuous set by

Now, let and ; without loss of generality, we may assume . By Proposition 2, we have

Then

Similarly, we can prove that

Therefore, for any ,

that is, Thus,
Note that is a nonempty, uniformly bounded, and strongly equicontinuous subset of by the uniform boundedness of ; according to Proposition 1, is relatively weakly compact.
It remains to prove that is weakly sequentially continuous.
Let and be sequences in weakly convergent to and , respectively (), since and are weakly continuous. Then and converge weakly to and , respectively. Furthermore, and converge strongly to and , respectively. Applying the Lebesgue-dominated convergence theorem, then we get

and

Thus, is weakly sequentially continuous on .
Since all conditions of Theorem 1 are satisfied, then the operator has at least one fixed point and the coupled system of Urysohn-Stieltjes integral equation (2) has at least one weak solution.

3. Hammerstein-Stieltjes Coupled System

This section, as an application, deals with the existence of weak continuous solution for the coupled system of Hammerstein-Stieltjes functional integral equation (3). Consider the following assumption:

Assumption 7. Let and assume that satisfy the following assumptions:

(1) are weakly-weakly continuous functions.(2)There exist continuous functions and constants such that

for Moreover, we put .(3) is a continuous function such that , where is a positive constant.

Definition 3. By a weak solution for the coupled system (3), we mean the pair of functions such that

for all .

Being new for the existence of weak solutions of (3), we have the following theorem.

Theorem 4: Let Assumptions 1, 2, 4, 5, and 7 be satisfied. Then the coupled system of Hammerstien-Stieltjes functional integral equation (3) has at least one weak solution

Proof 2. Let

Then from Assumption 7, we find that the assumptions of Theorem 3 are satisfied and the result follows.

For example, consider the functions defined by the formula

It can be easily seen that the functions and satisfy assumptions (iv)-(vi) given in Theorem given in Theorem 3. In this case, the coupled system of Urysohn-Stieltjes integral equation (2) has the following form:

Therefore, the coupled system (29) has at least one weak solution if the functions , and satisfy Assumptions 1–3.

Data Availability

There is no data availability.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

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