Complexity
Volume 2019 (2019), Article ID 1067032, 9 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1067032

Research Article

Performance Output Tracking for a One-Dimensional Wave-Heat Cascade System with Unmatched Disturbance

Yulong Liu

School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Yulong Liu; liuylmath@139.com

Received 27 January 2019; Revised 18 March 2019; Accepted 27 March 2019; Published 15 April 2019

Academic Editor: Átila Bueno

Copyright © 2019 Yulong Liu. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The objective of this paper is to solve the performance output regulation problem for a wave-heat cascade system with unmatched disturbance. Applying the series expansion, the auxiliary trajectory for the cascade system is constructed and the unmatched disturbance is rejected. Meanwhile, the controller and observer only based on error signal are designed, and the performance output regulation problem is solved. Under the control feedback, the performance output can track the reference signal, and the regulation error goes to zero asymptotically. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented for illustration.

1. Introduction

In recent years, regulating the output of a given distributed parameter system is one of the central problems in control theory. The objective of the output regulation is to construct a controller such that the performance output of the given plant can track a reference signal. Comparing with the finite-dimensional system, there exist various so-called noncollocated problems in distributed parameter system. The system we consider is described by the one-dimensional wave-heat cascade system as follows:

where , and are the initial state, is the performance output, is the disturbance, and is the control input. Considering the control plant (1) in the state space , we are going to design a control law so that the performance output tracks the given reference signal in the presence of the external disturbance .

Recently, the performance output tracking for a wave equation with harmonic disturbance is considered in [1] where the control and disturbance are unmatched. In [2], the same problem is also studied for a wave with a general boundary disturbance by the disturbance treatment technique which is firstly proposed in [3]. These results were extended to regulate the output of a Schrödinger equation in [4, 5]. However, the literature mentioned above is considered in a relative easy situation where the performance output is always collocated to the control actuation. Therefore, one of the objectives of this paper is to deal with the problem that the performance output is not collocated to the control actuation. The latest progress of this problem is considered in [6–9]. They use the method of backstepping, servo system, and the adaptive control approach to solve the performance output regulation problem in noncollocated case. The proposed method design can also be extended to the more general control system. Meanwhile, [10, 11] construct various controllers to solve the robust output regulation of distribution parameter systems by internal model principle. Different from the methods mentioned above, in this paper, a novel auxiliary trajectory and servomechanism is designed to cope with the noncollocated problem for system (1).

In addition, the problem of the output regulation for cascaded system is seldom considered. Concerning the cascaded system, a lot of results have been obtained only for stabilization problem [12–15]. In view of this reason, another objective of this paper is to solve the problem of the output regulation for the cascaded system (1) by a novel method of auxiliary trajectory and servomechanism.

For the disturbance and the reference signal, in system (1), both and are supposed to be the harmonic signals of the following form:

where , are unknown amplitudes and are known frequencies, , . By a simple computation, both of them can be rewritten as an output of the following exosystem:

where is the system matrix; and are known -dimensional row vectors; and the initial state depends on the amplitudes , and hence is unknown. Throughout this paper, we always assume that is invertible and diagonalizable with and , . Under this assumption, the general harmonic signal can be written as an output of the exosystem (3). With this assumption, the mathematical foundations of the output regulation problem in question can be found in [16, 17].

Now, we need to design a controller such that the regulation error (the only measurement for controller design) satisfies

We proceed as follows. In Section 2, the servomechanism will be designed by the method of auxiliary trajectory and the negative impacts of the unmatched disturbance will be canceled. In Section 3, the controller will be designed and the performance output regulation problem will be solved under the control feedback. In Section 4, we design an observer based on error signal and prove the convergence of the observer by the Lyapunov functional method. In Section 5, the uniform boundedness of the loop system will be presented and proved. Section 6 presents some numerical simulations to illustrate the effectiveness of the control law, followed by concluding remarks in Section 7.

2. Trajectory Planning for the Disturbance

In this section, we are going to cancel the negative impacts of the disturbance by trajectory planning. We first consider the unmatched disturbance in (1). Inspired by [18], we need to find the transformation to convert system (1) into the target system that is a disturbance free system, and at the same, both the controller and the output keep invariant. For this purpose, we suppose that the auxiliary trajectory satisfies the following system:

where is an -dimensional row vector such that . Inspired by [18] and [19, Chapter 12], again, we try to find a special solution of system (5) in the following form:

Inserting (6) into system (5), we have

which leads to

Since , we get

or equivalently

We suppose

where is an -dimensional row vector such that . We try to find a special solution of system (11) in the following form:

Inserting (11) into system (12), we have

which leads to

Since , we get

or equivalently

where

If we let

then, by (1), (5), and (11)

and

Comparing system (1) with system (19), one can find that the disturbance in system (1) has been canceled in system (19). The next objective is to stabilize the regulation error . To this end, we will apply the trajectory planning again to bring the external signal into the control channel such that the regulation error translates into a state of the target system. Naturally, we only need to stabilize the target system to achieve our goal.

We suppose that the trajectory satisfies the following system:

where is an -dimensional row vector that will be determined later.

Suppose that the “-part" of (21) satisfies

Taking (5), (6), (7)n and (8) into account, system (22) admits a special solution

It implies that

From (24), we have

where is defined by (17).

Suppose that the “-part” of (21) satisfies

We will find a special solution for “-part" of (26) that takes the form

Hence,

More specifically,

Or equivalently

If we let

then, by (19) and (21),

and

3. Controller Design

Equation (33) implies that we only need to stabilize system (32) to achieve output regulation (1) without input delay. In this way, the controller with can be designed easily

under which, we get the closed-loop system of (34)

Theorem 1. For any initial state , system (35) has unique solution such that, for any ,

where and are two positive constants. Moreover, the state of the closed-loop system (35) is uniformly bounded

Proof. We first consider the following transformed system:

with the initial state

where , , , and are defined by (14), (23), (28), and (8), respectively. As system (38) is a cascade of the heat equation and the wave equation and the “-subsystem" of (38) is independent of the “-subsystem", it is well known that there exists a unique solution to system (38).
Consider the Lyapunov function

Using the Cauchy-Schwarz and Yong’s inequalities, there exist such that

where

Therefore is positive definite.
The derivative of along the solution of system (38) is

which is negative definite for

It follows from (40) and (41) that

for some possibly large , which proves the exponential stability of the “” system.
On the other hand, since the “-subsystem” of (35) is independent of the other subsystems, it admits a unique solution .
We define

where , , , and are defined by (14), (23), (28), and (8), respectively. Now, it is easy to verify that such a defined is a solution of system (35). Moreover, the uniformly bounded (37) holds due to (45), (46), and the fact that is dissipative.
The proof is complete.

4. Observer Design

In this section, one will design the observer for . According to the ideal of [18], the state observer can be designed as follows:

where is the tuning parameter and is the conjugate transpose of .

Let

We have the error system as follows:

where is the tuning parameter and is the conjugate transpose of .

Moreover, we have the following theorem.

Theorem 2. Suppose that is Hurwitz. Then solution of system (49) is asymptotically stable.

Proof. Since is Hurwitz, there exists a positive constant such that

Consider the following Lyapunov function.

The derivative of along the solution of system (49) is

which is negative definite for

This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 3. Suppose that is Hurwitz. Then, for any initial state and , system (14)-(47) admits a unique solution

such that

Proof. It is well known that, for any and , system (19) admits a unique solution

From Theorem 2, we know that system (49) admits a unique solution with initial state such that

Then, we define

Hence, is a solution of system (19)-(47). Moreover, by (57) and (58), we can see (55) holds. The proof is complete.

5. The Uniform Boundedness of the Loop System

Replacing with , one will obtain the following closed-system of (1):

Moreover, one has the following theorem.

Theorem 4. Suppose that is Hurwitz. Then, for any initial state , the closed-loop (59) admits a unique solution

such that

If we assume further that is dissipative, then the state of system is uniformly bounded

Proof. According to Theorems 1 and 3, system (59) admits a unique solution

with initial state .
Next, We define

and, by Theorems 1 and 2, it is easy to check

By (36) and (56), we can see (61) holds. The proof is complete.

6. Numerical Simulation

In this section, one presents some numerical simulations to validate our theory results. We give the numerical simulation results for system which is governed by (59). The corresponding parameters are chosen as

and

The initial states are selected as

The time step and space step are taken as 0.001s and 0.05s.

The solution of the closed-loop system (59) is plotted in Figure 1. The output tracking and the disturbance estimation are plotted in Figure 2. In Figures 1 and 2, we choose , , .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Figure 1: The solution of closed-loop system.

(a) Output tracking

(b) Disturbance estimation

Figure 2: Output tracking and disturbance estimation.

Figure 1 displays the numerical results for closed-loop system in the noncollocated error feedback output regulation case. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) display the states of the controlled system , . The states of the observer , are plotted in Figures 1(c) and 1(d). It is obvious that all states are bounded.

Figure 2(a) shows that the output signal tracks the given reference signal as time evolves for noncollocated case. Obviously, output signal can track the given reference signal asymptotically. The disturbance estimation is plotted in Figure 2(b). The observer reconstructs the corresponding disturbance. Both of them show that the convergence is very effective and smooth. More importantly, no peaking phenomenon takes place. Comparing Figure 2(a) with Figure 2(b), it can be seen that after the convergence of the observer, the output converges to zero verifying disturbance rejection.

7. Concluding Remarks

In this paper, we mainly solved the performance output regulation problem for a wave-heat cascade system with unmatched disturbance. Applying a novel auxiliary trajectory method and servomechanism design, the performance output can track the given signal asymptotically. Thus, the contribution of this paper is to solve the noncollocated performance output regulation problem of the cascade system despite unmatched disturbance. The idea is potentially promising for treating other PDE-PDE or PDE-ODE systems to solve the performance output regulation which will be our future work.

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11671240) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the Youth (No. 11801339).

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