N. P. Kansara found a potent antipsoriatic activity of O/W creams of
Standard (tretinoin: 0.05%) cream was obtained from Ethnor pharma (A Johnson & Johnson Div.), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Diethyl ether was obtained from Rankem, India. Other ingredients such as light liquid paraffin (Astron), cetostearyl alcohol (Chemdyes), propylene glycol (Nomex), white soft paraffin (Nomex), butyl hydroxyl toluene (Rankem), benzyl alcohol (Chemdyes), disodium EDTA (Rankem), isopropyl myristate (FD, Fine Chemicals), and dibasic potassium phosphate (Rankem) were used to prepare O/W creams. Pyrogallol and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from SD Fine Chemicals Ltd., India. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), phosphate buffer, and Tris buffer were obtained from Sigma, USA. All reagents used were of analytical grade.
Leaves of
The methanolic extract was prepared by cold maceration method [
Formulation development was as follows. The extract was heated up to 70 ± 5°C. Aqueous phase consisting of water (q.s) was heated to the same temperature and then were added disodium EDTA (0.01%), butyl hydroxyl toluene (0.001%), and dibasic potassium phosphate (0.2%) in it. Then CTM (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) was mixed in benzyl alcohol (1%) and added in it. Then, oily phase was added to the aqueous phase with continuous stirring at slow speed for 1 hour and slowly decreased the temperature and meanwhile was added isopropyl myristate (4%) in the mixtures of both phases. Allowed to cool at room temperature. Oily phase was consisted of light liquid paraffin (8%), cetostearyl alcohol (10%), propylene glycol (5%), and white soft paraffin wax (12%). The prepared creams were transferred into wide mouth containers and stored in cool place. Base was also prepared by the same previous method and with same ingredients but without CTM.
Evaluation of O/W creams was as follows.
Physical evaluation was done as per Singhal & Kansara, International Scholarly Research Network [
Sensitivity test, irritastion test, and grittiness were performed as per Singhal & Kansara, International Scholarly Research Network [
Stability studies were done according to Singhal & Kansara, International Scholarly Research Network [
Adult Wistar male rats (weight: approximately 300 g; age: 4–6 months) were used for the experiments. Animals were kept in the Shree Dhanvantary Pharmaceutical Analysis and Research Centre, Kim, Surat. After approval from the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (Reg. no.1103/abc/07/cpcsea), rats were housed in polypropylene cages as 3 animals per cage with rice husk as the bedding material for 12 h light-dark cycle, at temperature of 22 ± 02°C, and humidity 30–70%. Rat pellet feed (Pranav agro Ltd.) and pure drinking water were supplied
The acute dermal toxicity test was performed according to Singhal & Kansara, International Scholarly Research Network [
The procedure was as follows. Wistar rats were selected and divided into seven groups. Then hair of the dorsal skin was carefully shaved. Then test creams were applied topically on the dorsal part of the skin whichever was exposed to radiation. An area (1.5–2.5 cm) on one side of the flank was irradiated for 15 min (1.5 J/cm2) at a vertical distance of 20 cm with UV-B lamps. Then following parameters were assessed in the blood which was withdrawn from the retro-orbital plexus at the end of last treatment in the UV-B-induced psoriasis.
To evaluate lipid peroxidation (LPO), 2 mL of 5% suspension of separated RBC in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline and 2 mL of 28% trichloroacetic acid were taken in test tube and centrifuged. Then supernatant was separated in another test tube. Then 4 mL of supernatant was taken in test tube and 1 mL of 1% thiobarbituric acid was added in it. Then it was heated in boiling water for 60 minutes and cooled immediately. The absorbance was measured in UV spectrophotometer (Schimadzu 1601, Japan) at 532 nm [
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was evaluated as follows. The erythrocyte lysate was prepared from the 5% RBC suspension of the blood. Then 50
Catalase (CAT) activity was determined in erythrocyte lysate using Aebi’s method with some modifications. 50
Reduced glutathione (GSH) was evaluated as follows. Blood glutathione was measured by addition of 0.2 mL of whole blood in 1.8 mL distilled water followed by 3.0 mL of precipitating mixture of 1.67 g metaphosphoric acid, 0.2 g EDTA, and 30 g NaCl to make 100 mL of solution. It was centrifuged at 5000 ×g for 5 min and 1 mL of the filtrate was added to 1.5 mL of the phosphate solution, followed by the addition of 0.5 mL of DTNB reagent. The optical density was measured at 412 nm using UV spectrophotometer (Schimadzu 1601, Japan) [
Statistical analysis was as follows. All the experimental results were expressed as mean ± SEM. For statistical comparisons, explorative probabilities were obtained by the one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests using GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad software, Inc.). The intergroup difference was considered significant when
For the evaluation of creams, three different concentrations of O/W creams (Test 1, 0.05%; Test 2, 0.1%; and Test 3—0.2%) were prepared to evaluate antipsoriatic activity. Physical evaluation revealed that creams were having light green colour, characteristic odour, semisolid in nature, and pH ranges from 6.5 to 7. They passed the sensitivity test and irritation test. During stability study, no phase separation and liquefaction were observed.
The acute dermal toxicity test of creams was determined according to the OECD 402 (Organization for Economic Corporation and Development). The creams were safe up to the dose of 2000 mg/kg. There were no changes in fur, eyes, and behavior of treated animals as well as no toxic reactions were determined. And from results suitable doses (250 mg (0.05%), 500 mg (0.1%), and 1000 mg (0.2%)) were chosen for each activity in each cream for further
The dataset associated with this Dataset Paper consists of 4 items which are described as follows.
Free radical stress leads to tissue injury and progression of disease such as cancer, aging, ischemia, liver injury, arthritis, and Parkinson’s syndrome. Safer antioxidants suitable for long-term use are needed to prevent or stop the progression of free radical-mediated disorders [
Superoxide dismutase mainly acts by quenching of superoxide, catalase by catalyzing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. Glutathione reductase is a good scavenger of many free radicals like
The present study has shown that exposure of UV-B light for 15 min not only damaged the skin but also produced oxidative stress in rats. The literature has documented free radical generation and DNA damage occurs during the exposure of UV-B light [
Antioxidants act as free radical scavengers that destroy single oxygen molecules (free radicals) in the body, thereby protecting against oxidative damage of cells. SOD, catalase (CAT), GSH, and so forth are the well-known enzymes present in plasma which act as antioxidants by transforming reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species into the stable compounds and involved in a scavenging of the excessive free radicals. The restoration of blood SOD, CAT, and GSH levels by the treatment with test creams is indicating that the inbuilt protective mechanism is being restored.
Effect of different formulations on blood LPO in UV-B-induced psoriatic rat.
Effect of different formulations on blood SOD in UV-B-induced psoriatic rat.
Effect of different formulations on blood catalase in UV-B-induced psoriatic rat.
Effect of different formulations on blood GSH in UV-B-induced psoriatic rat.
The dataset associated with this Dataset Paper is dedicated to the public domain using the