To identify effective herb to treat obesity, we screened 115 herbal extracts for inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase (triacylg-ycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) activity
Obesity is a significant risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetes; however, it is also associated with many other medical conditions including cancer, liver and kidney diseases, sleep apnea, and depression [
Herbs were collected from Republic of Korea from September 2005 to July 2009 and identified by Professor Kim, Division of Life Science, Gachon University, Republic of Korea. Samples were deposited at the Herbarium of Diabetic Complication Research Team, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Porcine pancreatic lipase (type II), orlistat, and
Male Wistar rats (6 weeks of age) were purchased from Koatech (Kyungkido, Korea) and housed for 1 week in a 12-h/12-h light/dark cycle in a temperature- and humidity-controlled room. The animals were given free access to food and water. After adaptation to these conditions for 1 week, healthy animals were used in the present study. The Animal Studies Committee of Korea Institute of Orient Medicine approved the experimental protocol.
Dried and ground herbs (200 g) were extracted with 1 L of 80% EtOH 3 times by maceration. The extracts were concentrated and dried
The ability of the herbs to inhibit pancreatic lipase was measured using the method previously reported by Kim et al. [
Plasma triacylglycerol levels were estimated using the method previously reported by Kim et al. [
All experiments were repeated three times, and representative data are shown. Data are expressed as the mean ± S.D. Differences between groups were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test (PRISM software, Graph Pad, CA, USA). Values of
Currently, obesity is considered a global epidemic, and many medications have been studied and developed to treat this condition. However, there is presently only one drug—orlistat—globally approved for long-term treatment of overweight patients after sibutramine was withdrawn in January 2010 from the European market [
Lipase inhibitory activities of extracts from herbs.
Scientific name | Family | Part used | Conc. ( |
Inhibition (%)a | IC50 ( |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.5 |
|
||||
|
Compositae | Whole plant | 5 |
|
5.16 |
7.5 |
|
||||
5 |
|
||||
|
Aceraceae | Branch, leaf | 7.5 |
|
7.7 |
10 |
|
||||
5 |
|
||||
|
Moraceae | Leaf | 7.5 |
|
9.91 |
10 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Araliaceae | Bark | 50 |
|
10.51 |
100 |
|
||||
5 |
|
||||
|
Moraceae | Branch, stem | 10 |
|
13.8 |
50 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Onagraceae | Whole plant | 50 |
|
23.34 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Juglandaceae | Branch, stem | 50 |
|
25.51 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Actinidiaceae | Fruit | 50 |
|
26.7 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Tiliaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
28.5 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Actinidiaceae | Stem | 50 |
|
28.51 |
100 |
|
||||
20 |
|
||||
|
Staphyleaceae | Branch | 30 |
|
28.62 |
40 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Actinidiaceae | Root | 50 |
|
31.34 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Betulaceae | Branch, stem | 50 |
|
31.39 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Anacardiaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
32.14 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Ulmaceae | Branch, stem | 50 |
|
35.89 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Rosaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
42.55 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Rosaceae | Whole plant | 50 |
|
42.58 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Tiliaceae | Flower, leaf | 50 |
|
48.21 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Actinidiaceae | Stem, leaf, fruit | 50 |
|
54.09 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Hypericaceae | Whole plant | 50 |
|
56.12 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Anacardiaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
56.9 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Simaroubaceae | Branch, stem | 50 |
|
60.47 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Rosaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
62.12 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Actinidiaceae | Root | 50 |
|
69.17 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Rosaceae | Branch, leaf, flower | 50 |
|
74.62 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Tiliaceae | Branch, stem | 50 |
|
79.67 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Aceraceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
82.29 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Labiatae | Root | 50 |
|
83.98 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Staphyleaceae | Branch, leaf | 50 |
|
84.28 |
100 |
|
||||
80 |
|
||||
|
Pinaceae | Stem | 90 |
|
87.58 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Lauraceae | Leaf, branch | 50 |
|
90.9 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Saxifragaceae | Branch, leaf, flower | 50 |
|
91.09 |
100 |
|
||||
10 |
|
||||
|
Leguminosae | Branch, leaf, flower | 50 |
|
94.98 |
100 |
|
||||
|
Opuntiacae | Stem | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Malvaceae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Actinidiaceae | Bark | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Celastraceae | Branch | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Eucommiaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Aristolochiac | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Umbelliferae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Plantaginacea | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Alismataceae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rosaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Convolvulaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Ranunculaceae | Stem, leaf, flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rosaceae | Branch | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Araceae | Aerial part | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Aerial part | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Euphorbiaceae | Aerial part | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Alismataceae | Aerial part | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Alismataceae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Magnoliaceae | Flowers | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Solanaceae | Stem, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Solanaceae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Chloranthaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Cruciferae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Berberidaceae | Stem, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Berberidaceae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Stem, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Styracaceae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Cornaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Cornaceae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Magnoliaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Magnoliaceae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rosaceae | Fruit | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rhamnaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Styracaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Fagaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Verbenaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Oleaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Lauraceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Betulaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Lauraceae | Bark | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Araliaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Caryophyllaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Paulowniaceae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Brassicaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Brassicaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Saxifragaceae | Branch, leaf, fruit | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Fumariaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Ranunculaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Saxifragaceae | Branch, leaf, stem, flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rosaceae | Branch, leaf, stem, flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Vitaceae | Leaf, stem | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Papaveraceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Juglandaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Juglandaceae | Flower | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Betulaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Ulmaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rutaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rutaceae | Branch, stem | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Rutaceae | Fruit | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Simaroubaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Simaroubaceae | Fruit | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Tiliaceae | Leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Araliaceae | Whole plant | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Caprifoliaceae | Branch, leaf | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Liliaceae | Root |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Root |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Polygonaceae | Root |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Umbelliferae | Fruit |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Fruit |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Leguminosae | Fruit |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Aerial part |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Solanaceae | Tuber | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Cruciferae | Leaf |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Root | 100 |
|
>100 |
|
Cucurbitaceae | Fruit |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Ebenaceae | Fruit |
100 |
|
>100 |
|
Compositae | Aerial part |
100 |
|
>100 |
0.0005 |
|
||||
Orlistat (positive control) | 0.005 |
|
0.036 (0.073 | ||
0.05 |
|
aResults are the mean ± SD (
Inhibitory effect of
Next, we focused on
Inhibitory effect of
In this paper, we screened 115 herbal extracts for inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase to identify effective herb to treat obesity.
Y. S. Kim and Y. Lee contributed equally to this work.
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
This research was supported by Grants (K11040 and K12040) from the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM).