International Journal of AnalysisVolume 2013 (2013), Article ID 126163, 7 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/126163

Research Article

On a New I-Convergent Double-Sequence Space

Vakeel A. Khan and Nazneen Khan

Department of Mathematics, A.M.U., Aligarh 202002, India

Received 26 November 2012; Revised 17 January 2013; Accepted 18 January 2013

Academic Editor: Wen Xiu Ma

Copyright © 2013 Vakeel A. Khan and Nazneen Khan. This is an open access paper, distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The sequence space was introduced and studied by Mursaleen (1983). In this article we introduce the sequence space ₂ and study some of its properties and inclusion relations.

1. Introduction and Preliminaries

Let , , and be the sets of all natural, real, and complex numbers, respectively. We write showing the space of all real or complex sequences.

Definition 1. A double sequence of complex numbers is defined as a function . We denote a double sequence as where the two subscripts run through the sequence of natural numbers independent of each other [1]. A number is called a double limit of a double sequence if for every there exists some such that (see  [2]).

Let and denote the Banach spaces of bounded and convergent sequences, respectively, with norm . Let denote the space of sequences of bounded variation; that is, where is a Banach space normed by (see  [3]).

Definition 2. Let be a mapping of the set of the positive integers into itself having no finite orbits. A continuous linear functional on is said to be an invariant mean or -mean if and only if(i) when the sequence has for all ;(ii), where ;(iii) for all .

In case is the translation mapping , a -mean is often called a Banach limit (see [4]), and , the set of bounded sequences all of whose invariant means are equal, is the set of almost convergent sequences (see [5]).

If , then . Then it can be shown that where , . Consider where denote the th iterate of at . The special case of (5) in which was given by Lorentz [5, Theorem 1], and that the general result can be proved in a similar way. It is familiar that a Banach limit extends the limit functional on .

Theorem 3. A -mean extends the limit functional on in the sense that for all if and only if has no finite orbits; that is to say, if and only if, for all , , (see [3]) Put assuming that . A straight forward calculation shows (see [6]) that

For any sequence , , and scalar , we have

Definition 4. A sequence is of -bounded variation if and only if (i) converges uniformly in ;(ii), which must exist, should take the same value for all .

We denote by , the space of all sequences of -bounded variation (see [7]):

Theorem 5. is a Banach space normed by (see [8]).

Subsequently, invariant means have been studied by Ahmad and Mursaleen [9], Mursaleen et al. [3, 6, 8, 10–14], Raimi [15], Schaefer [16], Savas and Rhoades [17], Vakeel et al. [18–20], and many others [21–23]. For the first time, I-convergence was studied by Kostyrko et al. [24]. Later on, it was studied by Šalát et al. [25, 26], Tripathy and Hazarika [27], Ebadullah et al. [18–20, 28], and Vakeel et al. [1, 29].

Definition 6 (see [30, 31]). Let be a nonempty set. Then, a family of sets ( denoting the power set of ) is said to be an ideal in if(i);(ii) is additive; that is, ;(iii) is hereditary that is, , ;

An Ideal is called nontrivial if . A non-trivial ideal is called admissible if .

A non-trivial ideal is maximal if there cannot exist any non-trivial ideal containing as a subset.

For each ideal , there is a filter corresponding to . That is,

Definition 7 (see [24, 31, 32]). A double sequence is said to be -convergent to a number if for every , In this case, we write .

Definition 8 (see [2]). A double sequence is said to be -null if .  In this case, we write

Definition 9. A double sequence is said to be -cauchy if for every there exist numbers , such that

Definition 10. A double sequence is said to be -bounded if there exists such that

Definition 11. A double-sequence space is said to be solid or normal if implies for all sequence of scalars with for all .

Definition 12 (see [24, 33]). A nonempty family of sets is said to be filter on if and only if(i);(ii)for , we have ;(iii)for each and implies .

Definition 13. Let be a linear space. A function is called a paranorm, if for all ,(i) if ;(ii); (iii); (iv)if is a sequence of scalars with and with , in the sense that , in the sense that .

The concept of paranorm is closely related to that of linear metric spaces. It is a generalization of that of absolute value (see [34, 35]).

2. Main Results

In this paper, we introduce the sequence space

Theorem 14. is a linear space.

Proof. Let and , be two scalars in . Then for a given , we have Now let, be such that . Now consider this implies that the sequence space Hence, . Therefore, is a linear space.

Theorem 15. The space is a paranormed space, paranormed by

Proof. For , is trivial.For , , we have(i) 0 for all .(ii) for all .(iii).(iv)Let be a sequence of scalars with and such that in the sense that Therefore, Hence,    is a paranormed space.

Theorem 16. is a closed subspace of .

Proof. Let be a cauchy sequence in such that . We show that . Since , then there exists such that We need to show that (i) converges to .(ii)If , then .Since is a cauchy sequence in , then for a given , there exists such that For a given , we have Then , and . Let where . Then . We choose , then for each , we have Then is a cauchy sequence of scalars in , so there exists a scalar such that , as .For the next step, let be given. Then, we show that if then . Since , then there exists such that which implies that . The number ,   can be so chosen that together with (32), we have such that . Since , then we have a subset of such that , where Let , where Therefore, for each , we have Hence, the result follows.

Theorem 17. The space    is nowhere dense subsets of .

Proof. Proof of the result follows from the previous theorem.

Theorem 18. The space is solid and monotone.

Proof. Let and be a sequence of scalars with for all . Then, we have The space    is solid follows from the following inclusion relation: Also a sequence space is solid implies monotone. Hence, the space  is monotone.

Theorem 19. and the inclusions are proper.

Proof. Let . Then, we have . Since  , implies Now let, be such that . As , taking supremum over we get . Hence,  .Next we show that the inclusion is proper(i) First for . Consider , then by the definition we have where Therefore, On solving, we get As is a translation map, that is, , we have Taking , we have Since , therefore which implies that . Hence, we get that the inclusion is proper.(ii) Second for   . The result of this part follows from the proof of Theorem 18.

Theorem 20. and the inclusions are proper.

Proof. Let . Then, we have Since , which implies implies Now let, be such that . As taking over , we get . Hence, Next, we show that the inclusion is proper(i) First for . We show that .Let , then by the definition We have, . We say that the .Now considering the case when , then when , then we have . Therefore we get, Hence, . Hence, the inclusion is proper.(ii) Second for . The result follows from the proof of Theorem 18.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to record their gratitude to the reviewer for his careful reading and making some useful corrections which improved the presentation of the paper.

References

A. K. Vakeel and S. Tabassum, “On some new double sequence spaces of invariant means defined by Orlicz functions,” Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Ankara Séries A, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 11–21, 2011.

E. D. Habil, “Double sequences and double series,” The Islamic University Journal, Series of Natural Studies and Engineering, vol. 14, pp. 1–32, 2006.

M. Mursaleen, “On some new invariant matrix methods of summability,” The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, vol. 34, no. 133, pp. 77–86, 1983.

S. Banach, Theorie des Operations Lineaires, Warszawa, Poland, 1932.

G. G. Lorentz, “A contribution to the theory of divergent sequences,” Acta Mathematica, vol. 80, pp. 167–190, 1948.

M. Mursaleen, “Matrix transformations between some new sequence spaces,” Houston Journal of Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 505–509, 1983.

V. A. Khan, “On a new sequence space defined by Orlicz functions,” Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Ankara Séries A, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 25–33, 2008.

M. Mursaleen and S. A. Mohiuddine, “Some new double sequence spaces of invariant means,” Glasnik Matematički, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 139–153, 2010.

Z. U. Ahmad and Mursaleen, “An application of Banach limits,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 103, no. 1, pp. 244–246, 1988.

M. Mursaleen and A. Alotaibi, “On -convergence in random 2-normed spaces,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 933–940, 2011.

M. Mursaleen, S. A. Mohiuddine, and O. H. H. Edely, “On the ideal convergence of double sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 603–611, 2010.

M. Mursaleen and S. A. Mohiuddine, “On ideal convergence of double sequences in probabilistic normed spaces,” Mathematical Reports, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 359–371, 2010.

M. Mursaleen and S. A. Mohiuddine, “On ideal convergence in probabilistic normed spaces,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 62, no. 1, pp. 49–62, 2012.

M. Mursaleen, A. Alotaibi, and M. A. Alghamdi, “-summability and -approximation through invariant mean,” Journal of Computational Analysis and Applications, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 1049–1058, 2012.

R. A. Raimi, “Invariant means and invariant matrix methods of summability,” Duke Mathematical Journal, vol. 30, pp. 81–94, 1963.

P. Schaefer, “Infinite matrices and invariant means,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 36, pp. 104–110, 1972.

E. Savas and B. E. Rhoades, “On some new sequence spaces of invariant means defined by Orlicz functions,” Mathematical Inequalities & Applications, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 271–281, 2002.

A. K. Vakeel, K. Ebadullah, and S. Suantai, “On a new I-convergent sequence space,” Analysis, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 199–208, 2012.

A. K. Vakeel and K. Ebadullah, “On some I-Convergent sequence spaces defined by a modullus function,” Theory and Applications of Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 22–30, 2011.

A. K. Vakeel and K. Ebadullah, “I-convergent difference sequence spaces defined by a sequence of moduli,” Journal of Mathematical and Computational Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 265–273, 2012.

A. Komisarski, “Pointwise -convergence and -convergence in measure of sequences of functions,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 340, no. 2, pp. 770–779, 2008.

V. Kumar, “On I and -convergence of double sequences,” Mathematical Communications, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 171–181, 2007.

A. Şahiner, M. Gürdal, S. Saltan, and H. Gunawan, “Ideal convergence in 2-normed spaces,” Taiwanese Journal of Mathematics, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 1477–1484, 2007.

P. Kostyrko, T. Šalát, and W. Wilczyński, “-convergence,” Real Analysis Exchange, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 669–685, 2000.

T. Šalát, B. C. Tripathy, and M. Ziman, “On some properties of -convergence,” Tatra Mountains Mathematical Publications, vol. 28, pp. 279–286, 2004.

T. Šalát, B. C. Tripathy, and M. Ziman, “On -convergence field,” Italian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, no. 17, pp. 45–54, 2005.

B. C. Tripathy and B. Hazarika, “Paranorm -convergent sequence spaces,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 485–494, 2009.

V. A. Khan and K. Ebadullah, “On a new difference sequence space of invariant means defined by Orlicz functions,” Bulletin of the Allahabad Mathematical Society, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 259–272, 2011.

A. K. Vakeel and T. Sabiha, “On ideal convergent difference double sequence spaces in 2-normed spaces defined by Orlicz function,” JMI International Journal of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 1–9, 2010.

P. Das, P. Kostyrko, W. Wilczyński, and P. Malik, “I and -convergence of double sequences,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 605–620, 2008.

M. Gurdal and M. B. Huban, “On I-convergence of double sequences in the topology induced by random 2-norms,” Matematički Vesnik, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1–13, 2013.

M. Gürdal and A. Şahiner, “Extremal -limit points of double sequences,” Applied Mathematics E-Notes, vol. 8, pp. 131–137, 2008.

S. Roy, “Some new type of fuzzy I-convergent double difference sequence spaces,” International Journal of Soft Computing and Engineering, vol. 1, pp. 429–431, 2012.

I. J. Maddox, Elements of Functional Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1970.

H. Nakano, “Concave modulars,” Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 5, pp. 29–49, 1953.