International Journal of Differential Equations
Volume 2019 (2019), Article ID 7205865, 6 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7205865

Research Article

Blow-Up Solution of Modified-Logistic-Diffusion Equation

P. Sitompul¹ and Y. Soeharyadi²

¹State University of Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
²Bandung Institute of Technology, West Java, Indonesia

Correspondence should be addressed to P. Sitompul; ptmath@unimed.ac.id

Received 31 July 2018; Revised 19 October 2018; Accepted 19 November 2018; Published 1 January 2019

Academic Editor: Gaston Mandata N’guérékata

Copyright © 2019 P. Sitompul and Y. Soeharyadi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

Modified-Logistic-Diffusion Equation with Neumann boundary condition has a global solution, if the given initial condition satisfies , for all . Other initial conditions can lead to another type of solutions; i.e., an initial condition that satifies will cause the solution to blow up in a finite time. Another initial condition will result in another kind of solution, which depends on the diffusion coefficient . In this paper, we obtained the lower bound of , so that the solution of Modified-Logistic-Diffusion Equation with a given initial condition will have a global solution.

1. Introduction

Logistic-Difussion Equation was first introduced by Fisher at 1937. It describes the growth of mutant gene on long habitat [1]. The equation is given by

with being the number of mutant genes at time , at location with initial condition . Lots of researches had been done on this type of partial differential equation (PDE), including how to approximate the solution with various methods [2–5]. This PDE has been applied on different disciplines of knowledge, such as in chemical reaction and economic growth [6–9]. This research will focus on the behavior of solution if the nonlinear factor in (1) is modified with absolute function; i.e., the rate of growth is always positive,

PDE (2) explains that the rate of growth is slowing down around and is always positive. The state for all is the steady state of (1) and (2). In (1), is a stable equilibrium, while in (2) it is a semi-stable equilibrium. This research is conducted on a bounded domain with Neumann boundary condition.

Consider the modified logistic ordinary differential equation

Equation (3) has a global solution if . Completely, the solution of (3) for initial condition is given by

The behavior of the solution for the three types of initial conditions can be seen in Figure 1. Equation (4) shows that the interval of the solution of (3) for is with

On the contrary, (3) has a global solution for . According to the solution (4), we can see that, for given initial condition with or for all , the diffusion factor does not play many roles in the behavior of solution.

Figure 1: The solution of the equation for the initial conditions , , and .

Now, we will discuss the behavior of solution of (2) for other initial conditions , that is,

The effect of the diffusion coefficient will be observed to guarantee the existence of global solution.

Definition 1. Let be the initial condition for (2). is called -initial condition if satisfies (6).

2. Diffusion Time

Let . This function is Lipchitz continuous, and so, by the following theorem, (2) has a solution.

Theorem 2 (see [10]). If is Lipchitz continuous, there is dependent on such that

has a solution at time interval .

The function for all . Thus, in the absence of diffusion, for all . This means that the value of will grow for every . If there exist such that , then the solutions interval of (2) is with

On the value of initial condition with , the diffusion coefficient is not affected much. It is because the diffusion coefficient is just distributing the concentration from high to low without addition or substraction of the total of concentration on interval . As a result, there is any such that for all . Furthermore the solution of (2) will blow up at finite time.

For further discussion, assume there is such that and . If the diffusion coefficient is quite large, then (2) has global solution.

Definition 3. Let be the solution of (2) with initial condition . Diffusion time for (2) with respect to , denoted by , is defined by minimum time such that .

Notice the following usual diffusion equation:

If and are the solutions of (2) and (9), respectively, with the same initial condition , then for every . Hence, the diffusion time of (9) with respect to is last or equal to diffusion time of (2) with respect to . Let be the diffusion time of (9) with respect to ; then is a lower bound for diffusion time of (2) with respect to . In [11], the solution of (9) for initial condition is

with . For certain initial condition, the value can be obtained easily, while for other initial conditions, we could only determine the lower bound of .

In this section, we will discuss the diffusion time for two elementary function such as linear and trigonometric functions. A particular linear function family of initial condition, , is a -initial condition if and . For this specific family, we found a lower bound of diffusion time with respect to (2).

Theorem 4. Let be initial condition for (2). If and , then

Moreover if , and , then

Proof. The linear function , , is a monotone function and reaches the maximum at . The volume of is , so that, for , diffusion time , and for , diffusion time . The initial condition will satisfy the condition (6); and satisfy

The solution of

for initial condition on is

Define

It is clear that

and if , then . The time with is

In this case for

For with , the condition and for some , satisfied by . Assume , and substituting to (14), we get

It means that the diffusion time for is equal to diffusion time for . Diffusion time for (by (18)) is

and is satisfied for

Next, the sinusoidal function class of initial condition , will be considered. The function will satisfy -initial condition if and . The diffusion time for this class of function is given by this theorem.

Theorem 5. Let the initial condition , given for (2). If and , then

Proof. For , where , the local maximum or local minimum points of have the same character; that is, they have the same concavity. The volume of is . So, for and for . We will check the time diffusion for with and .
First, we check for . The solution of (14) for initial condition is given by

For , the solution is decreasing with respect to for , so reach maximum at . Furthermore, if , then for all . This time is

On the other side, for with , is increasing with respect to for . The maximum value of was reached at . By substituting , we have the problem (14) with initial condition . The time given by (25) is positive for . Therefore, the diffusion time for is

For , we can see the problem on interval , . It is clear that is monotone on each interval for all , and for . Therefore, we can see the problem (14) with Neumann Boundary condition on interval , and we write it as

By translation and dilatation

so, the problem (27) became

The diffusion time for in (14) is equal to the diffusion time for in (29). Therefore, the diffusion time for in (14) is

3. Reaction Time

The function for all . It means the reaction factor is causing the increase of concentration for all time. If could contribute to the increasing of the concentration such that for time , the solution will blow up.

Let and . Then the reaction time for initial condition is defined as follows.

Definition 6. Assuming is -initial condition, let be the solution of (2) for -initial condition . The minimum time that meets is defined as the reaction time for and is notated as .

For initial condition that has minimum value at , the reaction time is given by Theorem 7 below.

Theorem 7. Let be the -initial condition of (2) and have minimum value on with ; then

is an upper bound for .

Proof. Let and . So,

Let ; then

Furthermore, let

If , then is an upper bound of . The time that satisfies this condition is

Since for every , then

This shows that for some -initial condition .

The upper bound of reaction time for initial condition of linear and sinusoidal function class is obtained as follows.

Theorem 8. Let the -initial condition be given by , with , and .
(1) If , then .
(2) If , then .

Proof. For -initial condition , , that is, and , we obtain

Therefore, by Theorem 7 for -initial condition we obtain the upper bound of reaction time as

In the same way, we obtain the upper bound of reaction time for -initial condition as

From the first result in Theorem 8 we obtain the upper bound of the reaction time for some family of linear functions with positive gradient, while the second result is for the negative gradient.

Theorem 9. Let the -initial condition be given by with . The reaction time for will satisfy

Proof. Let satisfying condition (6); that is,

We have

By Theorem 7, we get an upper bound of reaction time for , as

Since the behavior of solution for initial condition is the same as the behavior of solution for initial condition , .
For with , we can see the behavior solution on interval . The behavior solution on each interval is the same for all . To increase volume as mount of on the interval is equal to increasing volume as mount of on each interval . The upper bound of time to increase the volume as mount of on interval is

This result will be used to show the relationship between diffusion coefficient and the behavior of the solution of (2) for a given -initial condition .

4. The Lower Bound of for Global Solution

The solution of (2) with -initial condition will blow up for if . This is because the reaction term is growing much faster to supply the volume than the suppressing of diffusion term. From Theorems 4, 5, 8, and 9, we obtained the lower bound for diffusion coefficient such that the global solution for linear and sinusoidal function family of initial condition exists.

Theorem 10. Let the Modified-Logistic-Diffusion be

with and . For and , the solution will blow up if

and for , and , the solution will blow up if

Theorem 10 gives the lower bound of such that (2) on with the -initial conditions of the increasing linear function and the decreasing linear function has a global solution. In this case

is lower bound of so the system with -initial condition of the increasing linear function has a global solution. As for the decreasing linear function , the lower bound of is

The next theorem discusses some family of trigonometric function of initial condition.

Theorem 11. Let the Modified-Logistic-Difussion be

with , , and . The solution will blow up if

5. Discussion

The diffusion-reaction equation with modified logistic function of reaction term and Neumann’s boundary condition at can have a global or blow-up solution. If the initial conditions given are -initial conditions, then the diffusion term plays an important role in determining whether the system will have a global solution or a blow-up solution. In this study, we obtain the lower bound of the diffusion coefficient such that the system has a global solution. The objective for further investigation is determining the limiting value of the diffusion coefficient such that, for -initial condition, the solution has a global soluton or a blow-up solution.

Data Availability

No data were used to support this study.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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