International Journal of Stochastic AnalysisVolume 2013 (2013), Article ID 306707, 9 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/306707

Research Article

Filtering for Discrete-Time Stochastic Systems with Nonlinear Sensor and Time-Varying Delay

Mingang Hua,1,2,3 Pei Cheng,⁴ Juntao Fei,¹ Jianyong Zhang,⁵ and Junfeng Chen¹

¹College of Computer and Information, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China²Changzhou Key Laboratory of Sensor Networks and Environmental Sensing, Changzhou 213022, China³Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission and Distribution Equipment Technology, Changzhou 213022, China⁴School of Mathematical Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China⁵Department of Mathematics and Physics, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China

Received 30 November 2012; Revised 17 February 2013; Accepted 17 February 2013

Academic Editor: H. Srivastava

Copyright © 2013 Mingang Hua et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The filtering problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay is investigated. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the asymptotical stablity with an prescribe performance level of the filtering error systems. These conditions are dependent on the lower and upper bounds of the discrete time-varying delays and are obtained in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

1. Introduction

As is well known, time delay exists commonly in many processes due to the after-effect phenomena in their inner dynamics, which has been recognized to be an important source of instability and degraded performance. The presence of time delay must be taken into account in modeling due to the ever-increasing expectations of dynamic performance. Therefore, time-delay systems have drawn much attention in the last few decades, and a great number of important results have been reported in the literature; see, for instance, [1–5] and the references therein. For continuous-time systems, the obtained results can be generally classified into two types: delay-independent and delay-dependent ones. It has been understood that the latter is generally less conservative since the size of delays is considered, especially when time delays are small. Compared with continuous-time systems with time-varying delays, the discrete-time counterpart receives relatively less attention. See, for example, [6–9] and references therein.

In the past few years, considerable attention has been devoted to the topic of filtering in the past two decades, and many significant results have been obtained [10–19]. The exponential filtering problem is studied for discrete time-delay stochastic systems with Markovian jump parameters and missing measurements in [20]. The robust fault detection filter problem for fuzzy Itô stochastic systems is studied in [21]. The problem of robust filtering for uncertain discrete-time stochastic systems with time-varying delays is considered in [22]. Meanwhile, in many industrial processes, the quality and reliability of sensors often influence the performance of the filters. Nonlinearity is present in almost all real sensors in one form or another. So, the filtering problem for a class of nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems with state delays is considered in [23]. The robust filtering problem for a class of nonlinear discrete time-delay stochastic systems is considered in [24]. The filtering problem for a general class of nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems with randomly varying sensor delays is considered in [25]. And the filtering problem for discrete-time fuzzy stochastic systems with sensor nonlinearities is considered in [26]. The problem of filtering for discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy Itô stochastic systems with time-varying delay is studied in [27]. Robust filter design for systems with sector-bounded nonlinearities is considered in [28, 29]. filtering for discrete-time systems with stochastic incomplete measurement and mixed delays is investigated in [30]. Recently, the filtering problem of the time-delayed discrete-time deterministic systems with saturation nonlinear sensors, in which process and measurement noise have unknown statistic characteristic but bounded energy, is investigated in [31]. In [24, 26, 28–30], the nonlinearity for filtering problem of systems was assumed to satisfy nonlinear sensor, which may includes actuator saturation and sensor saturation. It is worth mentioning that, although the system in [31] is with nonlinear sensor, the proposed filter design approach only considers the constant time delay, which is not applicable to systems with time-varying delay. To the best of the authors' knowledge, little effort has been made towards the filtering of discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay.

Motivated by the works in [20], in this paper, a delay-dependent performance analysis result is established for filtering error systems. A new different Lyapunov functional is then employed to deal with systems with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay. As a result, the filter is designed in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). The resulting filter can ensure that the error system is asymptotically stable and the estimation error is bounded by a prescribed level. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Throughout this paper, denotes the -dimensional Euclidean space, and is the set of real matrices. is the identity matrix. denotes Euclidean norm for vectors, and denotes the spectral norm of matrices. denotes the set of all natural number, that is, . is a complete probability space with a filtration satisfying the usual conditions. stands for the transpose of the matrix . For symmetric matrices and , the notation (resp., ) means that the is positive definite (resp., positive semidefinite). denotes a block that is readily inferred by symmetry. stands for the mathematical expectation operator with respect to the given probability measure .

2. Problem Description

Consider a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay as follows: where is the state vector, is the measurable output vector, is the state combination to be estimated, and is a real scalar process on a probability space relative to an increasing family of -algebra generated by . The stochastic process is independent, which is assumed to satisfy where the stochastic variables are assumed to be mutually independent. The exogenous disturbance signal is assumed to belong to , , , , , , , , and are known real constant matrices. And the time-varying delay satisfies where and are known positive integers representing the minimum and maximum delays, respectively.

In addition, () are nonlinear sensor functions. We assume that nonlinear sensor functions are monotonically nondecreasing, bounded, and globally Lipschitz. That is, there exist a set of positive scalars and such that [31, 32] where is the magnification of the sensor, and is the amplitude of the sensor.

We consider the following linear discrete-time filter for the estimation of : where and denote the estimates of and , respectively, and the matrix is constant matrix.

Remark 1. Similar to [26, 31, 32], the nonlinear sensor satisfying (4)-(5) is also considered in this paper. It is noted that in the previous filter, the matrix is assumed to be constants in order to avoid more verbosely mathematical derivation.

Defining and augmenting the model (1) to include the states of the filter (6), we obtain the following filtering error systems: where , , and () satisfy the following conditions according to (4): where is the th row of matrix .

The filtering problem to be addressed in this paper can be formulated as follows. Given discrete-time stochastic systems (1), a prescribed level of noise attenuation , and any (), find a suitable filter in the form of (6) such that the following requirements are satisfied.(1)The filtering error systems (7)-(8) with is said to be asymptotically stable if there exists a scalar such that where denotes the solution of stochastic systems with initial state .(2)For the given disturbance attenuation level and under zero initial conditions for all , the performance index satisfies the following inequality:

3. Main Results

3.1. Performance Analysis of Filter

Theorem 2. If there exist symmetric positive definite matrices , , and , diagonal semipositive definite matrices and , a nonzero matrix , and a positive scalar , such that the following LMI is satisfied: where and , , then the filtering error system (7) with is asymptotically stable, and the optimal performance can be obtained by minimizing over the variables , , , , , and , that is,

Proof. We first establish the condition of asymptotical stability for the filtering error systems (7)-(8). Consider the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional candidate as follows: where First, we consider system (7) with , that is, Calculating the difference of along the filtering error system (17), we get Since , we have Combining (19)–(21), we have Meanwhile, we have From condition (9), we have From (24)-(25), we obtain Combining (18), (22), (23), and (26), we have From condition (9), we also have Then, for and , we get Adding the left of (29) to (27), we have Noting (2) and taking the mathematical expectation, we have whereThen, there exists a small scalar such that It can be shown that LMI (12) implies that ; thus, it follows from (33) that Hence, by summing up both sides of (34) from to for any integer , we have which yields where . Taking , it is shown from (10) and (36) that the filtering error system (7) is asymptotically stable for .Next, we will show that the filtering error systems (7)-(8) satisfies for all nonzero . To this end, define with any integer . Then, for any nonzero , we have where It can be shown that there exist real matrices , , and , diagonal semipositive definite matrices and , nonzero matrix , and scalar satisfying LMI (12). Since , it implies that , and thus . That is, . This completes the proof.

3.2. Design of Filter

Theorem 3. Consider the discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear sensor in (1), a filter of form (6), and constants and . The filtering error systems (7)-(8) is asymptotically stable with performance , if there exist positive definite matrices , , and , diagonal semipositive definite matrices and , and matrix such that the following LMI is satisfied: Moreover, if the previous condition is satisfied, an acceptable state-space realization of the filter is given by

Proof. By the Schur complement, LMI (12) is equivalent to By defining we have LMI (41). The filter parameter can be deduced from (44). According to Theorem 2, we thus complete the proof.

Remark 4. When and are given, matrix inequality (41) is linear matrix inequality in matrix variables , , , , , and , which can be efficiently solved by the developed interior point algorithm [4]. Meanwhile, it is easy to find the minimal attenuation level . In the sequel, special result for the discrete-time deterministic system with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay, that is to say, there is no stochastic noise: The following corollary may be obtained from Theorem 3.

Corollary 5. Consider the discrete-time systems with nonlinear sensor in (45)–(47), a filter of form (6), and constants and . The corresponding filtering error system is stable with performance , if there exist positive definite matrices , , and , diagonal semipositive definite matrices and , and matrix such that the following LMI is satisfied: Moreover, if the previous condition is satisfied, an acceptable state-space realization of the filter is given by

Remark 6. When in system (45), this discrete-time deterministic system model with constant time delay has been considered in [31]. But the proposed filter design approach only considers the constant time delay, which is not applicable to system (45) with time-varying delay.

Remark 7. In many practical industrial processes, the quality and reliability of sensors often influence the performance of the filters. Nonlinearity is present in almost all real sensors in one form or another. Therefore, in order to reduce the effect of the sensor nonlinearity on the filter performance to the lowest level, the nonlinear characteristics of sensors should be taken into account when we design the filters [23, 31].

4. Numerical Example

In this section, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and benefits of the proposed approach.

Example 8. Consider the following discrete-time deterministic system (45)–(47) with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay as follows: where the sensor nonlinear functions and satisfy (4) and (5), in which , and .

This example has been considered in [31]; however, for system (45), Theorem 2 of [31] is infeasible. Note that different and yield different ; if we assume that , then by Corollary 5, the minimal disturbance attenuation level is , and the corresponding filter matrix is It can be seen from Example 8 that our method is much less conservative than Theorem 2 of [31].

Example 9. Consider the discrete-time stochastic systems (1) with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay as follows: where the sensor nonlinear functions and satisfy (4) and (5), in which , and .

Note that different and yield different ; if we assume that satisfies , then by Theorem 3, the minimum achievable noise attenuation level is given by , and the corresponding filter parameters are as follows:

With the initial conditions, and are and , respectively, for an appropriate initial interval. We apply the previous filter parameter to system (1) and obtain the simulation results as in Figures 1–3. Figure 1 shows the state response under the initial condition. Figure 2 shows the estimation of filter . Figure 3 shows error response . From these simulation results, we can see that the designed filter can stabilize the discrete-time stochastic system (1) with nonlinear sensors and time-varying delay.

Figure 1: The state response .

Figure 2: The estimation of filter .

Figure 3: The error response .

5. Conclusions

In this paper, the filtering problem for a class of discrete-time stochastic systems with nonlinear sensor and time-varying delay has been developed. A new type of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional has been constructed to derive some sufficient conditions for the filter in terms of LMIs, which guarantees a prescribed performance index for the filtering error system. Two numerical examples have shown the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed filter design method.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions that helped improve the presentation of the paper. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 11226247.

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