ISRN Astronomy and AstrophysicsVolume 2012 (2012), Article ID 972572, 11 pagesdoi:10.5402/2012/972572

Research Article

UBVRI Photometric Analysis of the Solar-Type Eclipsing Binary TYC 3034-299-1

Ronald G. Samec,1,2 Adam Jaso,1,2 Jesse White,1,2 Danny R. Faulkner,2,3 Nicholas Blum,2,3 and Walter Van Hamme⁴

¹Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Engineering, Bob Jones University, Greenville, SC 29614, USA²Visiting Astronomer, Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA³Division Chair of Math, Science, Nursing, and Public health, University of South Carolina, Lancaster, SC 29720, USA⁴Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA

Received 28 November 2011; Accepted 20 December 2011

Academic Editors: P. P. Avelino and S. Bogovalov

Copyright © 2012 Ronald G. Samec et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

TYC 3034-0299-1 (CVn) is a magnetically active, contact binary, ROTSE variable. UBVRcIc light curves are presented along with a period study and a simultaneous UBVRI light curve solution. Our light curves show eclipse amplitudes of 0.72 and 0.62 mags (V) in the primary and secondary eclipses. Modeled results include a dark spot region, found at longitude , a 24% Roche lobe fill-out, and a mass ratio of 0.48. A total eclipse is found to occur in the secondary eclipse making TYC 3034-0299-1 a W-type (less massive star is hotter) W UMa variable.

1. History

TYC 3034-299-1 , was discovered by ROTSE I [1]. It was reported in IBVS no. 5699 [2]. Observations were taken by Diethelm [3]. He gives the following ephemeris: TYC 3034-299-1 was listed in the catalog of 1022 bright contact binary stars by Geske et al. [4] lists a period of ,  V mag, and amplitude = 0.585 V mag. In addition, two times of minimum light were determined by BBSAG observers given in IBVS no. 5781 [3]. Also, two eclipse timings were recently observed by Nelson [5, 6].

2. Finding Chart

Our comparison star () was GSC 3034 0404 , . The check star () was GSC 3034 0497 , . We include a finding chart of these stars including the variable () in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Finding chart, TYC 3034-299-1 variable (), comparison () and check ().

3. Observations

This system was observed as a part of our student/professional collaborative studies of interacting binaries from data taken from the national undergraduate research observatory (NURO). The observations were taken by RGS and NB. Reduction and analyses were jointly completed by RGS and AJ. The present 2010 UBVRI light curves were taken with the Lowell 0.81-m reflector in Flagstaff on May 10 and May 11 with CRYOTIGER cooled (−100°C) 2048X2048 NASACAM and standard UBVRI Besell filters. The individual observations included 216 in the U-filter, 230 in B, 232 in V, 243 in R, and 239 in I. The standard error of a single observation was 1% in U, V, and R and I an 1.2% in B (Table 1).

Table 1

UDM
UHJD
UDM
UHJD
UDM
UHJD
UDM
UHJD
UDM
UHJD

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

0.347
26.6640
0.402
26.7897
0.729
26.9510
0.996
27.7258
0.312
27.8302

0.370
26.6662
0.391
26.7920
0.626
26.9555
0.959
27.7281
0.319
27.8325

0.380
26.6685
0.381
26.7960
0.459
26.9705
0.907
27.7304
0.325
27.8353

0.439
26.6796
0.381
26.7983
0.427
26.9764
0.858
27.7329
0.339
27.8376

0.459
26.6819
0.377
26.8006
0.398
26.9810
0.801
27.7353
0.337
27.8399

0.484
26.6842
0.377
26.8043
0.392
27.6281
0.753
27.7375
0.349
27.8423

0.526
26.6873
0.361
26.8066
0.385
27.6327
0.707
27.7401
0.358
27.8446

0.547
26.6896
0.364
26.8089
0.391
27.6363
0.668
27.7424
0.379
27.8469

0.573
26.6919
0.363
26.8123
0.397
27.6386
0.639
27.7447
0.378
27.8507

0.607
26.6945
0.354
26.8146
0.413
27.6408
0.590
27.7474
0.388
27.8530

0.641
26.6968
0.356
26.8169
0.428
27.6439
0.560
27.7497
0.401
27.8553

0.669
26.6991
0.342
26.8200
0.433
27.6462
0.543
27.7520
0.422
27.8587

0.755
26.7031
0.352
26.8246
0.445
27.6485
0.515
27.7546
0.431
27.8610

0.803
26.7054
0.345
26.8276
0.457
27.6512
0.491
27.7569
0.441
27.8633

0.834
26.7077
0.366
26.8299
0.473
27.6534
0.472
27.7592
0.466
27.8665

0.913
26.7112
0.342
26.8322
0.478
27.6558
0.458
27.7615
0.478
27.8688

0.923
26.7135
0.348
26.8354
0.499
27.6600
0.410
27.7638
0.508
27.8711

0.960
26.7158
0.369
26.8377
0.506
27.6623
0.417
27.7661
0.537
27.8743

0.993
26.7190
0.375
26.8400
0.51
27.6646
0.404
27.7685
0.554
27.8766

0.997
26.7213
0.377
26.8435
0.536
27.6689
0.400
27.7708
0.595
27.8789

1.004
26.7236
0.406
26.8458
0.572
27.6712
0.392
27.7731
0.653
27.8820

0.981
26.7268
0.416
26.8481
0.579
27.6735
0.380
27.7757
0.677
27.8843

1.007
26.7291
0.412
26.8514
0.609
27.6763
0.365
27.7780
0.728
27.8866

1.014
26.7314
0.412
26.8537
0.641
27.6786
0.343
27.7803
0.775
27.8890

0.980
26.7351
0.423
26.8560
0.674
27.6809
0.333
27.7851
0.802
27.8913

0.994
26.7374
0.461
26.8599
0.694
27.6840
0.334
27.7874
0.848
27.8936

0.966
26.7397
0.472
26.8623
0.741
27.6863
0.315
27.7898
0.905
27.8970

0.900
26.7439
0.456
26.8646
0.788
27.6886
0.323
27.7921
0.946
27.8993

0.859
26.7461
0.510
26.8677
0.815
27.6909
0.312
27.7944
0.975
27.9016

0.818
26.7484
0.557
26.8782
0.869
27.6933
0.309
27.7972
1.005
27.9047

0.720
26.7540
0.582
26.8805
0.898
27.6956
0.306
27.7995
0.992
27.9070

0.696
26.7562
0.600
26.8828
0.95
27.6979
0.292
27.8018
0.999
27.9093

0.654
26.7585
0.637
26.8864
0.997
27.7002
0.287
27.8044
1.004
27.9117

0.571
26.7629
0.674
26.8887
1.051
27.7025
0.282
27.8067
0.992
27.9140

0.534
26.7652
0.686
26.8910
1.099
27.7049
0.283
27.8090
1.007
27.9163

0.520
26.7675
0.740
26.8948
1.126
27.7072
0.285
27.8117
0.997
27.9188

0.495
26.7713
0.791
26.8971
1.138
27.7095
0.291
27.8140
1.007
27.9211

0.487
26.7736
0.815
26.8994
1.143
27.7119
0.288
27.8163
0.978
27.9234

0.453
26.7759
0.908
26.9031
1.14
27.7142
0.295
27.8186
0.952
27.9262

0.443
26.7792
0.968
26.9054
1.13
27.7165
0.291
27.8210
0.899
27.9285

0.426
26.7814
1.026
26.9100
1.103
27.7189
0.303
27.8233
0.868
27.9308

0.422
26.7837
1.073
26.9123
1.08
27.7212
0.297
27.8256
0.806
27.9336

0.410
26.7873
1.122
26.9146
1.061
27.7235
0.314
27.8279
0.78
27.9359

0.733
27.9383

BDM
BHJD
BDM
BHJD
BDM
BHJD
BDM
BHJD
BDM
BHJD

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

0.257
26.6557
0.332
26.7844
1.027
26.9185
0.761
27.7311
0.231
27.8360

0.262
26.6580
0.330
26.7880
0.937
26.9362
0.735
27.7336
0.245
27.8383

0.281
26.6603
0.320
26.7903
0.894
26.9385
0.689
27.7359
0.248
27.8406

0.288
26.6646
0.320
26.7926
0.623
26.9539
0.660
27.7382
0.26
27.8430

0.318
26.6669
0.311
26.7966
0.333
26.9770
0.625
27.7408
0.262
27.8453

0.309
26.6691
0.297
26.7989
0.294
27.6334
0.593
27.7431
0.28
27.8476

0.386
26.6802
0.297
26.8012
0.296
27.6370
0.555
27.7454
0.295
27.8514

0.391
26.6825
0.285
26.8049
0.305
27.6393
0.525
27.7481
0.321
27.8537

0.428
26.6848
0.278
26.8072
0.33
27.6416
0.483
27.7504
0.338
27.8560

0.446
26.6879
0.262
26.8095
0.336
27.6446
0.470
27.7527
0.331
27.8594

0.474
26.6902
0.265
26.8130
0.34
27.6469
0.425
27.7553
0.355
27.8617

0.507
26.6925
0.269
26.8153
0.345
27.6492
0.383
27.7576
0.385
27.8640

0.547
26.6952
0.269
26.8176
0.369
27.6519
0.374
27.7599
0.4
27.8672

0.567
26.6975
0.269
26.8206
0.367
27.6542
0.365
27.7622
0.436
27.8695

0.593
26.6997
0.274
26.8230
0.378
27.6564
0.333
27.7645
0.451
27.8718

0.669
26.7037
0.278
26.8253
0.405
27.6607
0.323
27.7668
0.485
27.8750

0.713
26.7060
0.269
26.8282
0.425
27.6630
0.321
27.7692
0.512
27.8773

0.743
26.7083
0.253
26.8305
0.429
27.6653
0.305
27.7715
0.543
27.8796

0.808
26.7119
0.255
26.8328
0.456
27.6696
0.278
27.7738
0.6
27.8827

0.832
26.7142
0.285
26.8360
0.491
27.6719
0.277
27.7764
0.634
27.8850

0.880
26.7165
0.276
26.8383
0.504
27.6742
0.267
27.7787
0.677
27.8873

0.887
26.7196
0.284
26.8441
0.539
27.6770
0.264
27.7810
0.711
27.8897

0.886
26.7219
0.320
26.8464
0.556
27.6793
0.250
27.7835
0.738
27.8920

0.896
26.7242
0.302
26.8487
0.597
27.6816
0.226
27.7858
0.779
27.8943

0.891
26.7275
0.320
26.8520
0.635
27.6847
0.226
27.7881
0.842
27.8977

0.900
26.7298
0.320
26.8543
0.646
27.6870
0.212
27.7905
0.894
27.9000

0.893
26.7320
0.331
26.8566
0.699
27.6893
0.215
27.7928
0.906
27.9023

0.892
26.7358
0.356
26.8606
0.735
27.6916
0.212
27.7951
0.94
27.9054

0.871
26.7381
0.384
26.8652
0.774
27.6939
0.195
27.7979
0.922
27.9077

0.844
26.7404
0.382
26.8683
0.817
27.6962
0.202
27.8002
0.928
27.9124

0.777
26.7445
0.462
26.8788
0.851
27.6986
0.194
27.8025
0.91
27.9147

0.732
26.7468
0.476
26.8811
0.894
27.7009
0.181
27.8051
0.922
27.9170

0.696
26.7491
0.499
26.8835
0.941
27.7032
0.180
27.8074
0.916
27.9195

0.617
26.7546
0.526
26.8870
0.989
27.7056
0.182
27.8097
0.898
27.9218

0.580
26.7569
0.542
26.8893
0.988
27.7079
0.181
27.8124
0.887
27.9241

0.559
26.7592
0.607
26.8916
0.993
27.7102
0.202
27.8147
0.838
27.9269

0.497
26.7635
0.610
26.8954
0.974
27.7126
0.197
27.8170
0.805
27.9292

0.461
26.7658
0.684
26.8977
1.003
27.7149
0.196
27.8194
0.74
27.9315

0.444
26.7681
0.716
26.9000
0.98
27.7172
0.205
27.8217
0.716
27.9343

0.412
26.7719
0.755
26.9037
0.996
27.7196
0.214
27.8240
0.674
27.9366

0.414
26.7742
0.875
26.9060
0.954
27.7219
0.214
27.8263
0.641
27.9390

0.378
26.7765
0.872
26.9083
0.918
27.7242
0.199
27.8286

0.363
26.7798
0.887
26.9106
0.857
27.7265
0.216
27.8309

0.355
26.7821
0.956
26.9129
0.826
27.7288
0.230
27.8332

VDM
VHJD
VDM
VHJD
VDM
VHJD
VDM
VHJD
VDM
VHJD

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

0.192
26.6461
0.283
26.7907
0.781
26.9366
0.897
27.7152
0.18
27.8220

0.227
26.6561
0.271
26.7930
0.803
26.9389
0.896
27.7175
0.185
27.8243

0.234
26.6584
0.268
26.7970
0.679
26.9449
0.888
27.7199
0.182
27.8266

0.249
26.6606
0.263
26.7993
0.53
26.9520
0.851
27.7222
0.194
27.8289

0.256
26.6650
0.249
26.8016
0.515
26.9543
0.823
27.7245
0.2
27.8312

0.266
26.6672
0.253
26.8053
0.402
26.9610
0.785
27.7268
0.213
27.8335

0.290
26.6695
0.252
26.8076
0.397
26.9633
0.735
27.7291
0.199
27.8363

0.347
26.6806
0.221
26.8099
0.328
26.9715
0.705
27.7314
0.223
27.8386

0.357
26.6829
0.239
26.8133
0.276
26.9820
0.655
27.7339
0.233
27.8409

0.372
26.6852
0.218
26.8156
0.252
26.9867
0.619
27.7362
0.24
27.8433

0.402
26.6883
0.211
26.8179
0.245
26.9890
0.585
27.7385
0.24
27.8456

0.434
26.6906
0.212
26.8210
0.231
27.6250
0.506
27.7414
0.247
27.8479

0.453
26.6929
0.226
26.8233
0.227
27.6291
0.516
27.7434
0.273
27.8517

0.490
26.6955
0.217
26.8256
0.247
27.6314
0.492
27.7457
0.293
27.8540

0.517
26.6978
0.212
26.8286
0.248
27.6337
0.452
27.7484
0.32
27.8563

0.554
26.7001
0.220
26.8309
0.258
27.6373
0.427
27.7507
0.327
27.8597

0.612
26.7041
0.229
26.8332
0.256
27.6396
0.399
27.7530
0.344
27.8620

0.662
26.7064
0.234
26.8364
0.276
27.6418
0.377
27.7556
0.354
27.8643

0.700
26.7087
0.234
26.8387
0.283
27.6449
0.349
27.7579
0.384
27.8675

0.754
26.7122
0.254
26.8445
0.289
27.6472
0.336
27.7602
0.411
27.8698

0.794
26.7146
0.244
26.8468
0.295
27.6495
0.317
27.7625
0.438
27.8721

0.816
26.7169
0.259
26.8491
0.316
27.6522
0.315
27.7648
0.465
27.8753

0.826
26.7200
0.276
26.8524
0.328
27.6545
0.284
27.7671
0.49
27.8776

0.830
26.7223
0.292
26.8547
0.333
27.6567
0.275
27.7695
0.531
27.8799

0.829
26.7246
0.284
26.8570
0.364
27.6610
0.265
27.7718
0.559
27.8830

0.834
26.7278
0.314
26.8609
0.36
27.6633
0.254
27.7741
0.622
27.8853

0.817
26.7301
0.317
26.8633
0.367
27.6656
0.233
27.7767
0.643
27.8876

0.835
26.7324
0.303
26.8656
0.407
27.6699
0.235
27.7790
0.685
27.8900

0.826
26.7361
0.319
26.8687
0.43
27.6722
0.228
27.7813
0.723
27.8923

0.823
26.7384
0.413
26.8792
0.409
27.6748
0.214
27.7838
0.788
27.8946

0.775
26.7407
0.395
26.8815
0.475
27.6773
0.208
27.7861
0.794
27.8980

0.711
26.7449
0.453
26.8838
0.488
27.6796
0.191
27.7884
0.823
27.9003

0.674
26.7472
0.452
26.8874
0.509
27.6819
0.198
27.7908
0.826
27.9027

0.646
26.7495
0.487
26.8897
0.565
27.6850
0.196
27.7931
0.853
27.9057

0.561
26.7550
0.535
26.8920
0.597
27.6873
0.187
27.7954
0.842
27.9080

0.528
26.7572
0.546
26.8958
0.616
27.6896
0.178
27.7982
0.844
27.9103

0.500
26.7596
0.667
26.9004
0.65
27.6919
0.179
27.7982
0.846
27.9127

0.437
26.7639
0.705
26.9041
0.696
27.6942
0.179
27.8005
0.868
27.9150

0.414
26.7662
0.746
26.9064
0.739
27.6965
0.180
27.8028
0.847
27.9173

0.403
26.7685
0.772
26.9086
0.78
27.6989
0.171
27.8054
0.844
27.9198

0.357
26.7723
0.829
26.9110
0.823
27.7012
0.169
27.8077
0.802
27.9221

0.335
26.7746
0.871
26.9133
0.855
27.7035
0.164
27.8100
0.721
27.9244

0.342
26.7769
0.871
26.9189
0.888
27.7059
0.176
27.8127
0.684
27.9295

0.313
26.7802
0.908
26.9212
0.882
27.7082
0.170
27.8150
0.643
27.9318

0.317
26.7824
0.875
26.9235
0.898
27.7105
0.186
27.8173
0.605
27.9346

0.289
26.7847
0.919
26.9260
0.914
27.7129
0.192
27.8197
0.58
27.9369

0.285
26.7883
0.870
26.9306

RDM
RHJD
RDM
RHJD
RDM
RHJD
RDM
RHJD
RDM
RHJD

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

0.195
26.6564
0.229
26.7973
0.454
26.9523
0.835
27.7108
0.155
27.8269

0.209
26.6587
0.219
26.7996
0.44
26.9568
0.839
27.7132
0.167
27.8292

0.216
26.6609
0.230
26.8019
0.365
26.9636
0.832
27.7155
0.177
27.8315

0.239
26.6652
0.197
26.8056
0.278
26.9717
0.828
27.7178
0.176
27.8338

0.240
26.6675
0.217
26.8079
0.267
26.9740
0.811
27.7202
0.183
27.8366

0.241
26.6698
0.209
26.8102
0.235
26.9823
0.807
27.7225
0.195
27.8389

0.317
26.6809
0.200
26.8136
0.232
26.9870
0.774
27.7248
0.194
27.8412

0.333
26.6832
0.186
26.8159
0.212
26.9893
0.736
27.7271
0.21
27.8436

0.347
26.6855
0.185
26.8182
0.252
26.9740
0.696
27.7294
0.208
27.8459

0.380
26.6886
0.188
26.8213
0.241
26.9823
0.652
27.7317
0.224
27.8482

0.392
26.6909
0.188
26.8236
0.233
26.9870
0.606
27.7342
0.258
27.8520

0.417
26.6932
0.183
26.8259
0.22
26.9893
0.575
27.7365
0.254
27.8543

0.461
26.6958
0.181
26.8289
0.838
26.9270
0.527
27.7388
0.255
27.8566

0.492
26.6981
0.194
26.8312
0.805
26.9293
0.465
27.7437
0.271
27.8600

0.524
26.7004
0.180
26.8335
0.716
26.9344
0.435
27.7460
0.294
27.8623

0.583
26.7044
0.204
26.8367
0.674
26.9367
0.402
27.7487
0.295
27.8646

0.613
26.7066
0.189
26.8390
0.641
26.9390
0.384
27.7510
0.328
27.8678

0.656
26.7090
0.210
26.8448
0.19
27.6294
0.357
27.7533
0.343
27.8701

0.714
26.7125
0.214
26.8471
0.19
27.6316
0.337
27.7559
0.36
27.8724

0.735
26.7148
0.236
26.8494
0.215
27.6339
0.316
27.7582
0.403
27.8756

0.773
26.7171
0.225
26.8526
0.218
27.6376
0.303
27.7605
0.416
27.8779

0.790
26.7202
0.231
26.8550
0.215
27.6398
0.280
27.7628
0.437
27.8802

0.784
26.7225
0.247
26.8573
0.224
27.6421
0.268
27.7651
0.499
27.8833

0.778
26.7249
0.281
26.8659
0.246
27.6452
0.253
27.7674
0.531
27.8856

0.784
26.7281
0.297
26.8690
0.248
27.6475
0.246
27.7698
0.557
27.8879

0.792
26.7304
0.349
26.8795
0.254
27.6497
0.239
27.7721
0.59
27.8903

0.770
26.7327
0.373
26.8818
0.258
27.6525
0.228
27.7744
0.633
27.8926

0.780
26.7364
0.400
26.8841
0.271
27.6547
0.222
27.7770
0.678
27.8949

0.773
26.7387
0.402
26.8877
0.273
27.6570
0.201
27.7793
0.718
27.8983

0.725
26.7410
0.440
26.8900
0.298
27.6613
0.195
27.7816
0.76
27.9006

0.662
26.7452
0.463
26.8923
0.309
27.6636
0.190
27.7841
0.793
27.9029

0.627
26.7474
0.518
26.8961
0.317
27.6659
0.182
27.7864
0.783
27.9060

0.592
26.7497
0.549
26.8984
0.346
27.6702
0.169
27.7887
0.788
27.9083

0.509
26.7552
0.586
26.9007
0.37
27.6725
0.171
27.7911
0.79
27.9106

0.486
26.7575
0.629
26.9044
0.417
27.6776
0.160
27.7934
0.796
27.9130

0.461
26.7598
0.716
26.9067
0.443
27.6799
0.160
27.7957
0.785
27.9153

0.407
26.7642
0.727
26.9089
0.457
27.6822
0.151
27.7985
0.795
27.9176

0.376
26.7665
0.752
26.9113
0.516
27.6853
0.143
27.8008
0.768
27.9201

0.348
26.7688
0.799
26.9136
0.532
27.6876
0.150
27.8031
0.783
27.9224

0.329
26.7726
0.848
26.9191
0.571
27.6899
0.137
27.8057
0.747
27.9247

0.318
26.7749
0.822
26.9214
0.606
27.6922
0.141
27.8080
0.712
27.9275

0.311
26.7772
0.848
26.9237
0.637
27.6945
0.144
27.8103
0.673
27.9298

0.279
26.7805
0.832
26.9262
0.682
27.6968
0.147
27.8130
0.632
27.9321

0.266
26.7827
0.838
26.9285
0.718
27.6992
0.151
27.8153
0.597
27.9349

0.255
26.7850
0.808
26.9308
0.755
27.7015
0.152
27.8176
0.545
27.9372

0.245
26.7887
0.777
26.9346
0.785
27.7038
0.156
27.8199
0.536
27.9395

0.240
26.7909
0.750
26.9369
0.818
27.7061
0.140
27.8222

0.242
26.7933
0.732
26.9392
0.83
27.7084
0.155
27.8246

IDM
IHJD
IDM
IHJD
IDM
IHJD
IDM
IHJD
IDM
IHJD

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

2455300+

0.181
26.6566
0.222
26.7912
0.649
26.9395
0.769
27.7205
0.141
27.8272

0.182
26.6589
0.207
26.7935
0.629
26.9432
0.748
27.7228
0.142
27.8295

0.186
26.6612
0.189
26.7975
0.446
26.9526
0.718
27.7251
0.148
27.8318

0.206
26.6655
0.187
26.7998
0.362
26.9571
0.686
27.7274
0.15
27.8341

0.221
26.6678
0.186
26.8022
0.258
26.9697
0.644
27.7297
0.175
27.8369

0.271
26.6812
0.183
26.8059
0.241
26.9743
0.616
27.7320
0.16
27.8392

0.308
26.6835
0.171
26.8082
0.232
26.9826
0.565
27.7345
0.17
27.8415

0.318
26.6858
0.167
26.8105
0.74
26.9316
0.541
27.7368
0.198
27.8439

0.345
26.6889
0.160
26.8139
0.716
26.9344
0.502
27.7391
0.19
27.8462

0.353
26.6911
0.139
26.8162
0.674
26.9367
0.461
27.7417
0.194
27.8485

0.402
26.6935
0.148
26.8185
0.641
26.9390
0.434
27.7440
0.233
27.8522

0.430
26.6961
0.147
26.8216
0.156
27.6296
0.401
27.7463
0.235
27.8545

0.462
26.6984
0.156
26.8239
0.165
27.6319
0.378
27.7490
0.225
27.8569

0.473
26.7007
0.157
26.8262
0.167
27.6342
0.346
27.7513
0.25
27.8603

0.538
26.7047
0.153
26.8291
0.176
27.6379
0.328
27.7536
0.262
27.8626

0.589
26.7069
0.160
26.8314
0.174
27.6401
0.302
27.7562
0.272
27.8649

0.618
26.7092
0.148
26.8337
0.181
27.6424
0.278
27.7585
0.287
27.8681

0.662
26.7128
0.189
26.8370
0.194
27.6455
0.264
27.7608
0.312
27.8704

0.699
26.7151
0.168
26.8393
0.221
27.6477
0.237
27.7631
0.333
27.8727

0.724
26.7174
0.145
26.8416
0.221
27.6500
0.234
27.7654
0.355
27.8759

0.737
26.7205
0.197
26.8450
0.248
27.6527
0.223
27.7677
0.382
27.8782

0.731
26.7228
0.180
26.8496
0.245
27.6550
0.213
27.7701
0.456
27.8805

0.751
26.7251
0.207
26.8529
0.245
27.6573
0.218
27.7724
0.472
27.8835

0.727
26.7284
0.209
26.8552
0.262
27.6616
0.198
27.7747
0.481
27.8858

0.725
26.7307
0.217
26.8575
0.28
27.6639
0.188
27.7773
0.517
27.8881

0.721
26.7330
0.229
26.8615
0.291
27.6661
0.177
27.7796
0.557
27.8906

0.722
26.7367
0.223
26.8638
0.326
27.6705
0.174
27.7819
0.6
27.8929

0.706
26.7390
0.224
26.8661
0.341
27.6728
0.162
27.7844
0.631
27.8952

0.670
26.7413
0.315
26.8798
0.348
27.6751
0.158
27.7867
0.698
27.8986

0.625
26.7454
0.340
26.8821
0.383
27.6778
0.156
27.7890
0.711
27.9009

0.588
26.7477
0.351
26.8844
0.434
27.6825
0.161
27.7913
0.743
27.9032

0.554
26.7500
0.375
26.8880
0.468
27.6856
0.140
27.7937
0.747
27.9063

0.483
26.7555
0.412
26.8903
0.502
27.6879
0.130
27.7960
0.715
27.9086

0.441
26.7578
0.446
26.8926
0.53
27.6902
0.129
27.7988
0.756
27.9109

0.402
26.7601
0.511
26.8963
0.562
27.6925
0.125
27.8011
0.76
27.9133

0.371
26.7644
0.514
26.8987
0.593
27.6948
0.125
27.8034
0.775
27.9156

0.344
26.7667
0.559
26.9009
0.633
27.6971
0.123
27.8060
0.773
27.9179

0.327
26.7691
0.574
26.9046
0.687
27.6995
0.110
27.8083
0.746
27.9204

0.293
26.7729
0.654
26.9069
0.699
27.7018
0.115
27.8106
0.727
27.9227

0.280
26.7752
0.736
26.9116
0.755
27.7041
0.120
27.8133
0.698
27.9250

0.269
26.7775
0.732
26.9139
0.778
27.7064
0.122
27.8156
0.642
27.9278

0.259
26.7807
0.788
26.9194
0.783
27.7087
0.113
27.8179
0.636
27.9301

0.231
26.7830
0.781
26.9265
0.781
27.7135
0.134
27.8202
0.589
27.9324

0.233
26.7853
0.712
26.9349
0.774
27.7158
0.133
27.8225
0.578
27.9352

0.223
26.7889
0.694
26.9372
0.763
27.7181
0.132
27.8248

4. Period Determination

The following timings of minimum light were calculated using parabola fits from our present observations (PO). They were determined in each of UBVRI and averaged. They include (with standard errors) HJD I = ; HJD II = . We also obtained the following timings of minimum light from parabola fits to the data of Blattler, 2006: HJD I = 2453382.6915, 2453445.4980, 2453502.3800, 2453515.4154, 2453517.3907; HJD II = 2453463.4719, 2453515.607. From these and Bob Nelson’s timings, an improved ephemeris below was calculated from all the available eclipse timings: The O-C residuals are shown, graphically, in Figure 2 and tabled residualsare tabulated in Table 2.

Table 2: Times of minimum light, TYC 3034-299-1.

NO.
JD Hel. EPOCHS
CYCLES
WEIGHT
O-C
REF

1
53382.6915
−4922.0
1.0
−0.0001
[2]

2
53445.4980
−4763.0
1.0
0.0000
[2]

3
53463.4719
−4717.5
1.0
0.0010
[2]

4
53502.3800
−4619.0
1.0
0.0007
[2]

5
53515.4154
−4586.0
1.0
0.0008
[2]

6
53515.6070
−4585.5
1.0
−0.0051
[2]

7
53517.3907
−4581.0
1.0
0.0011
[2]

8
53936.4936
−3520.0
0.5
−0.0002
[3]

9
54174.4898
−2917.5
1.0
0.0032
[3]

10
54547.7692
−1972.5
1.0
−0.0006
[5]

11
54879.9715
−1131.5
1.0
−0.0006
[5]

12
55326.7275
−0.5
1.0
0.0006
PO

13
55326.9242
0.0
1.0
−0.0002
PO

14
55327.7133
2.0
1.0
−0.0012
PO

15
55327.9125
2.5
1.0
0.0005
PO

Figure 2: O-C residuals from (2).

Observations taken over some 5000 orbits (5.3 years) seem to show a constant period. A quadratic ephemeris was calculated, but the negative quadratic term was not significant. Further observations are needed to determine any trends that indicate changes in period.

5. Standard Magnitudes

Observations of over a dozen Landolt standard stars along with the variable, comparison, and check stars throughout the evening of May 11 allowed us to calculate principal and transformation coefficients in BVR and I. Comparing these to Kron-Cousins calibrations, we found the results given in Table 3 [7] with the standard errors given in parentheses. From these calculations, we found a temperature of 6600 K (type F6V) for our primary star used for our synthetic light curve modeling.

Table 3: Standard magnitudes of the variable, comparison and check stars.

V
B-V
V-R
R-I
V-I
mean

VAR (phase 0.00)
11.54 (20)
0.35
0.31 (0)
0.28 (4)
0.47 (5)

Sp type

F2
F9
F8
F4
F6 (3)

VAR (phase 0.25)
10.83
0.28
0.11
0.30
0.44

Sp type

F0
A7
G0
F3
F2.5 (5.5)

VAR (phase 0.50)
11.51 (5)
0.34 (5)
0.16 (4)
0.30 (8)
0.44 (10)

Sp type

F2
F0
F9
F3
F3.5 (4.0)

VAR (phase 0.75)
10.71
0.32
0.12
0.31 (0)
0.45

Sp type

F1
A7
G1
F3
F3 (6)

COMP
10.66 (6)
0.26 (3)
0.08
0.28 (3)
0.37 (5)

Sp type

F0
A5
F8
F1
F1 (5)

CHK
10.58 (4)
0.31
0.14
0.34 (3)
0.50 (5)

Sp type

F1
F8.5
G4
F5
F7.0 (5.5)

6. Light Curves

The light curves were folded ΔU, ΔB, ΔV, ΔR, ΔI, Δ(U-B), Δ(B-V), and Δ(R-I) color curves using (2). They are given in Figures 3(a), 3(b), and 3(c). All bands give high precision, high amplitude  UMa light curves with an obvious O’Connell effect due to spot activity. The curves reveal a time of constant light in the secondary minima indicating total eclipses. This usually indicates that the system is a -type  UMa binary system. The amplitudes are rather deep for a contact binary, ranging from 0.85 mag in U to 0.66 in I. The O’Connell effect ranges from 67 mmag to 36 mmag from U to I, respectively, revealing substantial magnetic activity.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 3: (a) U, B delta magnitude and color magnitudes versus phase plots in the sense of V-C. (b) B, V delta magnitude and color magnitudes versus phase plots in the sense of V-C. (c) R, I delta magnitude and color magnitudes versus phase plots in the sense of V-C.

7. Synthetic Light Curve Solutions

The U, B, V, R, and I curves were premodeled with Binary Maker 2.0 [8] fits in all filter bands. The parameters were then averaged and input into a 5-color simultaneous light curve calculation using the Wilson Code [9–12]. Adjusted parameters were those with parentheses in Table 4.

Table 4: Synthetic curve parameters, TYC 3034-299-1.

Parameters
Values

, , , (nm)
360, 440, 550, 640, 790

0.641, 0.641 0.246, 0.246

0.541, 0.541 0.276, 0.276

0.625, 0625, 0.289, 0.289

0.794, 0.794 0.263, 0.263

0.821, 0.821, 0.299, 0.299

0.32

0.5

Inclination (°)

, (K)
, *

(/ )

Fill-outs:
24%

/()I

/()R

/()V

/()B

/()U

(days)

Period (days)

, (pole)
,

, (side)
,

, (back)
,

SPOT parameters
Dark Spot

STAR 1

Latitude (°)

Longitude (°)

Spot radius (°)

Spot temperature

*All Errors are formal; here the error in is in relation to . We expect errors to to be on the order of ~500 K from the errors of our standard star determinations.

The solution was computed in Mode 3, the contact mode. Convective parameters, , were used. Our first solution,, gave a sum of square residuals equal to 8.33 (goodness of fit parameter). This fit the out of eclipse shoulders well but did not match the eclipse at phase 0.50. Due to the brevity of the total eclipse, the modeling procedure does not produce unambiguous results (many solutions may be possible). Consequently, we performed a -search over the interval from to 0.8. The residuals minimized at (see Figure 4). Additional iterations were run from the minimized with the mass ratio allowed to adjust to our final solution. Our final solution is a -type  UMa binary, as noted from the light curve appearance. The solution is seen overlaying the normalized flux curves shown in Figures 5(a), 5(b), and 5(c). The complete solutions are given as Table 4. Two phases of the Roche-lobe model of the binary for the dark spot solution are shown in Figures 6(a) and 6(b). Phase 0.0 shows the total eclipse.

Figure 4: Determination of best fitting mass ratio.

(a)

(b)

(c)

Figure 5: (a) U, B synthetic light curve solutions overlaying the normalized flux curves. (b) B, V synthetic light curve solutions overlaying the normalized flux curves. (c) R, I synthetic light curve solutions overlaying the normalized flux curves.

(a)

(b)

Figure 6: (a) Roche lobe surfaces from our UBVRI solution, phase 0.76. (b) Roche lobe surfaces from our UBVRI solution, phase 0.00.

8. Discussion

TYC 3034-299-1 is a mid-F type magnetically active contact binary. The solution gives a eclipse duration of ~7 minutes. The firm 24% fillout and the nearly identical temperatures of the two stars show that the system has nearly reached thermal contact. After this point is reached, we would suspect that over long periods the mass ratio would become more extreme. This is caused by torques provided by stellar winds leaving the star along stiff magnetic field lines [13] rotating synchronously with the gravitationally coupled binary.

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank Lowell Observatory for their allocation of observing time, and the American Astronomical Society and the Arizona Space Grant for travel support for this observing run.

References

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