Analytical Solution of the Hyperbolic Heat Conduction Equation for Moving Semi-Infinite Medium under the Effect of Time-Dependent Laser Heat Source

This paper presents an analytical solution of the hyperbolic heat conduction equation for moving semi-infinite medium under the effect of time dependent laser heat source. Laser heating is modeled as an internal heat source, whose capacity is given by g x, t I t 1 − R μe−μx while the semi-infinite body has insulated boundary. The solution is obtained by Laplace transforms method, and the discussion of solutions for different time characteristics of heat sources capacity constant, instantaneous, and exponential is presented. The effect of absorption coefficients on the temperature profiles is examined in detail. It is found that the closed form solution derived from the present study reduces to the previously obtained analytical solution when the medium velocity is set to zero in the closed form solution.


Introduction
An increasing interest has arisen recently in the use of heat sources such as lasers and microwaves, which have found numerous applications related to material processing e.g., surface annealing, welding and drilling of metals, and sintering of ceramics and scientific research e.g., measuring physical properties of thin films, exhibiting microscopic heat transport dynamics . Lasers are also routinely used in medicine. In literature, many researchers have investigated the heat transfer for moving medium under the effect of the classical Fourier heat conduction model 1, 3-6 . In applications involving high heating rates induced by a short-pulse laser, the typical response time is in the order of picoseconds 7-10 . In such application, the classical Fourier heat conduction model fails, and the use of Cattaneo-Vernotte constitution is essential 11, 12 .

Journal of Applied Mathematics
In this constitution, it is assumed that there is a phaselag between the heat flux vector q and the temperature gradient ∇T . As a result, this constitution is given as where κ is the thermal conductivity and τ is the relaxation time phase lag in heat flux . The energy equation under this constitution is written as In the literature, numerous works have been conducted using the microscopic hyperbolic heat conduction model 10, 13-18 . To the authors' knowledge, the thermal behavior of moving semi-infinite medium subject to Time-Dependent laser heat source, under the effect of the hyperbolic heat conduction model, has not been investigated yet. In the present work, the thermal behavior of moving semi-infinite medium subject to Time-Dependent laser heat source, under the effect of the hyperbolic heat conduction model, is investigated.

Mathematical Model
In this paper heat distribution in a moving semi-infinite medium due to internal laser heat source is considered. Our medium at t 0 is occupying the region x ≥ 0 with insulated surface at x 0. Moreover, at time t 0, the temperature field within the medium is uniform with a value T 0 and stationary.
We consider first a semi-infinite medium moving with a constant velocity u in the direction of the x-axis, if heat generation is present within the material, the balance law for the internal energy can be expressed in terms of T as where the initial and boundary conditions are given by The relaxation time is related to the speed of propagation of thermal wave in the medium, c, by The heat source term in 2.4 which describes the absorption of laser radiation is modeled as 20 where I t is the laser incident intensity, R is the surface reflectance of the body, and μ is the absorption coefficient. We consider semi-infinite domains, which have initial temperature equal to the ambient one. The following dimensionless variables are defined: Equation 2.4 is expressed in terms of the dimensionless variables 2.9 as The dimensionless heat source capacity according to 2.8 is The results from the assumption are that there is no heat flow in the body at the initial moment 21 , that is, The dimensionless boundary conditions are We substitute 2.11 for S in 2.10 to obtain

Analytical Solution
Taking the Laplace transform of 2.18 , using the initial conditions given by 2.13 and 2.14 , yields The transformed boundary conditions given by 2. 16  The mathematical arrangement of the solution of 3.1 is given in Appendix A. Consequently, 3.1 for X > 0 yields Journal of Applied Mathematics

Solutions for Special Cases of Heat Source Capacity
The temperature distributions resulting from any specified time characteristics of the heat source φ η are available using the general hyperbolic solution 3.7 -3.14 . However, for some particular φ η the general solution can be considerably simplified. Some of such cases are discussed below.

Source of Constant Strength: φ η 1
This case may serve as a model of a continuously operated laser source. It may be also used as a model of a long duration laser pulse when the short times of the order of few or tens τ are considered. For φ η 1, 3.9 and 3.10 are reduced, respectively, to

Exponential Source: φ η exp −νη
In this case 3.9 and 3.10 are as follows, respectively, where

Results and Discussion
Using the solutions for arbitrary φ η and the solutions for the special cases we calculated, with the aid of the program Mathematica 5.0, and we performed calculations for metals putting ψ 0 1 and β 0.5 or 1, since we assumed that typical values of the model parameters  Figures 1-9. Moreover, the velocity of the medium was assumed not to exceed the speed of heat propagation.
The hyperbolic and parabolic solutions for the heat source of constant strength φ η 1 are presented in Figures 1-3. Figure 1 shows the temperature distribution in the body for the two values of dimensionless velocity of the medium, U 0, 0.7. Figure 2  solutions tend to overlap. This behaviour can be explained as follows. In both models, the heat production is concentrated at the edge of the body. The same amounts of energy are generated continuously in both models, but in the case of hyperbolic models, because of the finite speed of heat conduction, more energy is concentrated at the origin of X axis. This results in the higher "hyperbolic" temperature in this region and the lower in the region of intermediate X values. In Figure 3, we compare the temperature distributions at η 1 resulting from the hyberbolic and parabolic for the three values of β β 0.3, 1, and 3 . For large β, that is, when the slope of the space characteristics of the heat source capacity increases, in the hyperbolic solution, a blunt wave front can be observed. Figures 4-7 depict the results of calculations for the instantaneous heat source φ η δ η . A striking feature of the hyperbolic solutions is that the instantaneous heat source gives rise to a thermal pulse which travels along the medium and decays exponentially with time while dissipating its energy. During a period η, the maximum of the pulse moves over a distance X η 1 U . These effects are shown pictorially in Figures 4 and 6. Figure 4 presents the temperature distributions in the body for β 5 and U 0, 0.5, but Figure 6 presents the temperature distributions in the body for β 5 and η 1, 2, 3, 4. It is seen that the pulse is not sharp but blunt exponentially, which results from the fact that in our model the heat source capacity decays exponentially along the x-axis. Figure 5 gives the hyperbolic and parabolic temperature distribution in the body at time η 2 for the two values of dimensionless velocity of the medium, U 0, 0.6. Figure 7 gives the hyperbolic and parabolic temperature distribution in the body at time η 1 and velocity of the medium U 0.1 for various values of β. As shown in Figure 7, the smaller β is, the more blunt the pulse and the shorter is the time of its decay is . After the decay of the pulse, the differences between the hyperbolic and parabolic solutions become only quantitative, and they vanish in short time. Figures 8 and 9 depict the results of calculations for the exponential heat source φ η exp −νη . Figure 8 gives the hyperbolic temperature distribution in the body at time η 3 for the four values of dimensionless velocity of the medium, U 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8. Figure 9 shows the temperature distribution in the body for the three values of dimensionless β β 0.

Conclusions
This paper presents an analytical solution of the hyperbolic heat conduction equation for moving semi-infinit medium under the effect of Time-Dependent laser heat source. Laser heating is modeled as an internal heat source, whose capacity is given by 2.8 while the semi-infinit body was insulated boundary. The heat conduction equation together with its boundary and initial conditions have been written in a dimensionless form. By employing the Laplace transform technique, an analytical solution has been found for an arbitrary velocity of the medium variation. The temperature of the semi-infinit body is found to increase at large velocities of the medium. The results are compared with those obtained from an analytical model by Lewendowska 21 . For U 0, our results are the same as those reported by Lewendowska 21 . A blunt heat wavefront can be observed when the slope of the space characteristics of the heat source capacity i.e., the value of β is large.

A. Solution of Heat Transfer Equation
The characteristic equation for the homogeneous solution can be written as which yields the solution of where 0 < U < 1.

Journal of Applied Mathematics
Therefore, the homogeneous solution θ h yields For the particular solution, one can propose θ p A 0 exp −βX .
Consequently, substitution of θ p into 3.1 results in A.7 Since Re s > 0, 0 < U < 1 and dθ/dX ∞, s 0, then c 2 0. Therefore, By applying the boundary condition 3.4 , we can obtain c 1 , that is,

A.11
Let H 1 and H 2 be 12 Consequently, A.14 To obtain the inverse Laplace transformation of functions H 2 ,H 3 , and H 4 , we use the convolution for Laplace transforms.
The Laplace inverse of H 2 can be obtained as

A.15
To obtain the inverse Laplace transformation of function H 3 , we use the convolution for Laplace transforms: A.17 It is noted from the Laplace inversion that 26 Therefore, Similarly, £ −1 H 6 can be obtained, that is,

A.22
It is noted from the Laplace inversion that 26 Therefore, To obtain the inverse transformation of function H 7 , we use the convolution for Laplace transforms: A.29