Journal of Applied MathematicsVolume 2011 (2011), Article ID 164978, 17 pagesdoi:10.1155/2011/164978

Research Article

Strong Convergence Algorithms for Hierarchical Fixed Points Problems and Variational Inequalities

Gendai Gu,¹ Shenghua Wang,1,2 and Yeol Je Cho³

¹School of Applied Mathematics and Physics, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China²Department of Mathematics and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea³Department of Mathematics Education and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea

Received 26 April 2011; Revised 15 June 2011; Accepted 11 July 2011

Academic Editor: Ya Ping Fang

Copyright © 2011 Gendai Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We introduce a new iterative scheme that converges strongly to a common fixed point of a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert space such that the common fixed point is a solution of a hierarchical fixed point problem. Our results extend the ones of Moudafi, Xu, Cianciaruso et al., and Yao et al.

1. Introduction

Let be a real Hilbert space and a nonempty closed convex subset of . A mapping is called nonexpansive if one has If there exists a point such that , then is said to be a fixed point of . We denote the set of all fixed points of by . It is well known that is closed and convex if is nonexpansive.

Let be a mapping. The following problem is called a hierarchical fixed point problem: find such that

It is known that the hierarchical fixed point problem (1.2) links with some monotone variational inequalities and convex programming problems (see [1]).

In order to solve the hierarchical fixed point problem (1.2), Moudafi [2] introduced the following Krasnoselski-Mann algorithm: where and are two sequences in , and he proved that converges weakly to a fixed point of which is a solution of the problem (1.2).

Let be a mapping. The mapping is called a contraction if there exists a constant such that for all . For obtaining a strong convergence result, Mainge and Moudafi in [3] and Marino and Xu in [4] introduced the following algorithm: where is a nonexpansive mapping and and are two sequences in , and they proved that converges strongly to a fixed point of which is a solution of the problem (1.2). Recently, for solving the hierarchical fixed point problem (1.2), Cianciaruso et al. [5] also studied the following iterative scheme: where and are two sequences in . The authors proved some strong convergence results. Very recently, Yao et al. [1] introduced the following strong convergence iterative algorithm to solve the problem (1.2): where is a contraction and and are two sequences in . Under some certain restrictions on parameters, the authors proved that the sequence generated by (1.6) converges strongly to , which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality:

By changing the restrictions on parameters, the authors obtained another result on the iterative scheme (1.6), that is, the sequence generated by (1.6) converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality: where is a constant.

Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a countable family of nonexpansive mappings. In this paper, motivated and inspired by the results of Yao et al. [1] and Marino and Xu [4], we introduce and study the following iterative scheme: where , is a strictly decreasing sequence in and is a sequence in . Under some certain conditions on parameters, we first prove that the sequence generated by (1.9) converges strongly to , which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality: By changing the restrictions on parameters, we also prove that the sequence converges strongly to , which is the unique solution of the following variational inequality: where is a constant. It is easy to see that, if for each and is a self-mapping of into itself, then our algorithm (1.9) is reduced to (1.6) of Yao et al. [1] Also, our results extend the corresponding ones of Moudafi [6], Xu [7], and Cianciaruso et al. [5].

2. Preliminaries

Let be a Hilbert space and a nonempty closed convex subset of . Let be a nonexpansive mapping of into itself such that . For all and all , we have and hence

Let be an arbitrary point. There exists a unique nearest point in , denoted by , such that Moreover, we have the following:

Let denote the identity operator of , and let be a sequence in a Hilbert space and . Throughout this paper, denotes that strongly converges to and denotes that weakly converges to .

The following lemmas will be used in the next section.

Lemma 2.1 (see [8]). Let be a nonexpansive mapping with . If is a sequence in weakly converging to a point and converges strongly to a point , then . In particular, if , then .

Lemma 2.2 (see [9]). Let be a contraction with coefficient and a nonexpansive mapping. Then one has the following. (1)The mapping is strongly monotone with coefficient , that is, (2)The mapping is monotone, that is,

Lemma 2.3 (see [10]). Let , be the sequences of nonnegative real numbers, and let . Suppose that is a real number sequence such that Assume that . Then the following results hold. (1)If , where , then is a bounded sequence.(2)If one has then .

3. Main Results

Now, we give the main results in this paper.

Theorem 3.1. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a -contraction with . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a countable family of nonexpansive mappings of into itself such that . Set , and let be a strictly decreasing sequence and a sequence satisfying the following conditions: (a) and , (b), (c) and . Then the sequence generated by (1.9) converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

Proof. First, is a contraction from into itself with a constant and is complete, and there exists a unique such that . From (2.4), it follows that is the unique solution of the problem (3.1).Now, we prove that converges strongly to . To this end, we first prove that is bounded. Take . Then it follows from (1.9) that and hence (note that is strictly decreasing) By condition (b), we can assume that for all . Hence, from above inequality, we get For each , let , , and . Then , , and satisfy the condition of Lemma 2.3(1). Hence, it follows from Lemma 2.3(1) that is bounded and so are , , , and for all . Set for each . From (1.9), we have where is a constant such that From (1.9), we have Substituting (3.7) into (3.5), we get that Let , , and . Then conditions (a) and (c) imply that , , and satisfy the condition of Lemma 2.3(2). Thus, by Lemma 2.3(2), we can conclude that Since for each and , we have Now, fixing a , from (1.9) we have Hence it follows that where Now, from (2.2) and (3.12), we get From (a), (b), (3.9), and (3.14), we have Since for each and is strictly decreasing, one has Next, we prove that Since is bounded, we can take a subsequence of such that and From (3.16) and Lemma 2.1, we conclude that for each , that is, . Then By (2.4), we have Also, Thus, It follows that Let , , and for all . Since , and , we have Therefore, it follows from Lemma 2.3(2) that This completes the proof.

Remark 3.2. In (1.9), if , then it follows that . In this case, from (3.1), it follows that that is, Therefore, the point is the unique solution to the quadratic minimization problem

In Theorem 3.1, if for all , then we get the following result.

Corollary 3.3. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a -contraction with . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a nonexpansive mapping such that . Let and define a sequence by where and are two sequences satisfying the following conditions: (a) and , (b), (c) and . Then the sequence converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

In Corollary 3.3, if is a self-mapping of into itself, then we get the following result.

Corollary 3.4. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a -contraction with . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a nonexpansive mapping such that . Let and define a sequence by where the sequences and are two sequences satisfying the following conditions: (a) and , (b), (c) and . Then the sequence converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

By changing the restrictions on parameters in Theorem 3.1, we obtain the following.

Theorem 3.5. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a -contraction with . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a countable family of nonexpansive mappings such that . Set . Let and define a sequence by where is a strictly decreasing sequence and is a sequence satisfying the following conditions: (a), and , (b), (c) and , (d), (e)there exists a constant such that . Then the sequence generated by (3.34) converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

Proof. First, the proof of Theorem  3.2 of [1] shows that (3.35) has the unique solution. By a similar argument as in that of Theorem 3.1, we can conclude that is bounded, and as . Note that conditions (a) and (b) imply that as . Hence we have It follows that, for all , Now, it follows from (3.36) and (3.37) that, for all , From (3.8), we get Note that Hence, from (3.39), we have Let and . From conditions (a) and (d), we have By Lemma 2.3(2), we get From (3.34), we have Hence it follows that and hence Let . For any , we have By Lemma 2.2, we have By (2.4), we have Now, from (3.47)–(3.51) it follows that Observe that (3.52) implies that Since , for all , and as , every weak cluster point of is also a strong cluster point. Since is bounded, there exists a subsequence of converging to a point . Note that as for all . By the demiclosed principle for a nonexpansive mapping, we have for all and so . From (3.47), (3.48), (3.50), and (3.51), it follows that, for all , Since , for all , and , letting in (3.54), we obtain Since (3.35) has the unique solution, it follows that . Since every weak cluster point of is also a strong cluster point, we conclude that as . This completes the proof.

In Theorem 3.5, if for each , then we have the following result, which is Theorem  3.2 of Yao et al. [1].

Corollary 3.6. Let be a nonempty closed convex subset of a real Hilbert space . Let be a -contraction with . Let be a nonexpansive mapping and a nonexpansive mapping such that . Let and define a sequence by where and are the sequences satisfying the following conditions: (a) and , (b), (c) and , (d), (e)there exists a constant such that . Then the sequence generated by (3.56) converges strongly to a point , which is the unique solution of the variational inequality

Remark 3.7. In (1.9), if and is a self-contraction of , then we get which is well known as the viscosity method studied by Moudafi [6] and Xu [7]. If and are both self-mappings of in (1.9), then we get the algorithm of Cianciaruso et al. [5].

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2008-313-C00050).

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