Journal of Applied Mathematics

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 151025, 5 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/151025

Research Article

Synchronization between Fractional-Order and Integer-Order Hyperchaotic Systems via Sliding Mode Controller

Yan-Ping Wu and Guo-Dong Wang

College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China

Received 16 September 2012; Accepted 19 January 2013

Academic Editor: Magdy A. Ezzat

Copyright © 2013 Yan-Ping Wu and Guo-Dong Wang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The synchronization between fractional-order hyperchaotic systems and integer-order hyperchaotic systems via sliding mode controller is investigated. By designing an active sliding mode controller and choosing proper control parameters, the drive and response systems are synchronized. Synchronization between the fractional-order Chen chaotic system and the integer-order Chen chaotic system and between integer-order hyperchaotic Chen system and fractional-order hyperchaotic Rössler system is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed synchronization approach. Numerical simulations coincide with the theoretical analysis.

1. Introduction

During the past decades, fractional calculus has become a powerful tool to describe the dynamics of complex systems such as power systems, mathematics, biology, medicine, secure communication, and chemical reactors [1–6]. Chaos synchronization has attracted lots of attention in a variety of research fields [7–13] over the last two decades, because it can be applied in vast areas of physics and engineering and secure communication [14, 15]. Moreover, many theoretical analysis and numerical simulation results about the synchronization of chaotic systems are obtained. Wang et al. [16] deal with the finite-time chaos synchronization of the unified chaotic system with uncertain parameters. Chen and Liu [17] propose a simple linear state feedback controller to realize the stability control of a unified chaotic system. The problem of chaos synchronization between two different chaotic systems with fully unknown parameters is investigated in [18]. Moreover, Chen and his partners [19] investigate the chaos control of a class of fractional-order chaotic systems via sliding mode.

All of above articles mainly focus on integer-order chaotic systems or fractional-order chaotic systems. There is little information about the synchronization between fractional-order chaotic systems and integer-order chaotic systems [20, 21]. The study of synchronization between fractional-order hyperchaotic systems and integer-order hyperchaotic systems is also limited.

Motivated by the above discussion, this paper investigates a sliding mode method for synchronization between a class of fractional-order hyperchaotic systems and integer-order hyperchaotic systems. And the integer-order hyperchaotic systems are regarded as response system in the proposed synchronous technique which is simple and theoretically rigorous.

2. System Description and Problem Formulation

Consider the following fractional-order hyperchaotic system as a drive system

where denotes four-dimensional state vector. represents the linear part of the system, and is the nonlinear part of the system.

And the response system can be described as

where is four-dimensional state vector, and imply the same roles as and in the drive system, respectively.

Remark 1. and in the drive system can be same as and in the response system, respectively.

One adds the controller into the response system, which is given by

Define the synchronous errors as . The aim is to choose a suitable controller , so that the drive system and response system can achieve chaotic synchronization (i.e., , where is the Euclidean norm).

3. Design of Sliding Mode Controller

Let the controller be

where is a compensation controller and . Here, in the response system belongs to hyperchaotic fractional-order drive system. is a vector function, and it will be designed later.

From (4), the system (3) can be rewritten as

In accordance with the active control design procedure, the nonlinear part of the error dynamics is eliminated by the following choice of the input vector [22]

The error system (5) is rewritten as

where is a constant gain vector and is the control input which satisfies

To design a sliding mode controller, one has two steps. First, one constructs a sliding surface that represents a desired system dynamics. Next, one develops a switching control law such that a sliding mode exists on every point of the sliding surface, and any states outside the surface are driven to reach the surface in a finite time [23]. As a choice for the sliding surface, one has

which can also be easily given by

In the sliding mode, the sliding surface and its derivative must satisfy

Consider

One can get that

Replacing for in (7) from of (13), the error dynamics on the sliding surface are determined by the following relation:

To satisfy the sliding condition, the discontinuous reaching law is chosen as follows:

where

and , are the gains of the controller.

In the sliding phase, it implies that . Considering (12) and (15), one gets

Now, the total control law can be defined as follows:

Replacing in (7) by (17), the error dynamics are determined by

Theorem 2 (see [24]). The following system is as follows:

where , and . System (20) is asymptotically stable if  , where are the eigenvalues of matrix . Also, this system is stable if   and those critical eigenvalues that satisfy have geometric multiplicity one.

Theorem 3 (see [24]). Consider a system given by the following linear state space form with inner dimension as follows:

where , , , and . Assuming that the triplet is minimal, then system (21) is stable if .

According to Theorem 2, the error dynamics on the sliding surface defined by (14) is asymptotically stable, as long as all eigenvalues of satisfy the condition . In the sliding phase, as a linear fractional-order system with bounded inputs ( for and for ), the error system (19) is stable if . It can be shown that choosing appropriate , , and can make the error dynamics stable; hence, the synchronization is realized.

4. Numerical Simulation

This section presents two illustrative examples to verify and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Case 1 is the synchronization between the same structure hyperchaotic systems. Case 2 is the synchronization between the different structure hyperchaotic systems.

Case 1. Synchronization between fractional-order and integer-order hyperchaotic Chen systems.

Consider Chen hyperchaotic system which is written as [25]

When , the system is integer-order system; otherwise we call the system (22) a fractional-order system.

Take the fractional-order system with fractional-order as a drive system, and the integer-order Chen hyperchaotic system as a response system with the following initial conditions: and , and the system parameters are .

The controller parameters are chosen as , , , and . This selection of parameters results in eigenvalues , which are located in the stable region. According to (18), the control inputs are taken as follows:

The simulation results are given in Figure 1. As we can see, the errors converge to zero which implies that synchronization between the two systems is realized.

Figure 1: Synchronization errors between Chen systems.

Case 2. Synchronization between integer-order hyperchaotic Chen system and fractional-order hyperchaotic Rössler system.

Consider hyperchaotic Rössler system which is written as [26]

Similarly, take the fractional-order Rössler hyperchaotic system with fractional-order as a drive system, and take the integer-order Chen hyperchaotic system as a response system with the following initial conditions: and , and the system parameters are .

We choose the design parameters in the simulations as , , , and . This selection of parameters results in eigenvalues, , which are located in the stable region. According to (19), we can yield the response system easily, that is,

The synchronization errors are shown in Figure 2, which show that the proposed method is succeeded in synchronizing the two different structure systems.

Figure 2: Synchronization between integer-order Chen system and fractional-order Rössler system.

5. Conclusion

In this paper, the problem of synchronization between fractional-order hyperchaotic systems and integer-order hyperchaotic systems is investigated. The integer-order hyperchaotic system is regarded as the response system. A sliding mode controller is designed to synchronize two systems with different orders successfully. It is rigorously proven that the proposed synchronization approach can be achieved between two different order hyperchaotic systems. Some numerical simulations are presented to show the applicability and feasibility of the proposed scheme.

Acknowledgments

This wok was supported by the “111” Project from the Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of People’s Republic of China (B12007) and the National Science and Technology Supporting Plan from the Ministry of Science and Technology of People’s Republic of China (2011BAD29B08).

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