Journal of Applied Mathematics

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 234681, 4 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/234681

Research Article

Note on the Regularity of Nonadditive Measures

Toshikazu Watanabe, Syuji Yamada, and Tamaki Tanaka

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan

Received 6 June 2013; Revised 25 July 2013; Accepted 25 July 2013

Academic Editor: Wei-Shih Du

Copyright © 2013 Toshikazu Watanabe et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We consider the regularity for nonadditive measures. We prove that the non-additive measures which satisfy Egoroff's theorem and have pseudometric generating property possess Radon property (strong regularity) on a complete or a locally compact, separable metric space.

1. Introduction

The relations of continuity and regularity of nonadditive measures are considered in several papers [1–4]. In [5], Li et al. investigated the regularity in nonadditive measures. They proved that the null-additive fuzzy measures possess a Radon property (strong regularity) on a complete metric space. In [6], Kawabe also investigated the regularity in fuzzy measures taking value in Riesz spaces. He proved that every weakly null-additive Riesz space valued fuzzy measure on a complete or a locally compact, separable metric space is Radon, provided that the Riesz space has the multiple Egoroff property.

On the other hand Li and Mesiar [7] proved the regularity of nonadditive monotone measures. They proved that the equivalence condition of Egoroff’s theorem implies regularity for the nonadditive measures by using pseudometric generating property of a set function. For information on real valued nonadditive measures, see [8–10].

In this paper, as notes, we prove that Egoroff’s theorem implies Radon property (strong regularity) for nonadditive measures which have pseudometric generating property on a complete or a locally compact, separable metric space.

2. Preliminaries

Let be the set of real numbers and the set of natural numbers. In what follows, let be a measurable space.

Definition 1. A set function is called a nonadditive measure if it satisfies the following two conditions:

(1), (2)if , and , then .

Definition 2. Let be a nonadditive measure.

(1) is said to be continuous from above if for any and satisfying and there exists with it holds that . (2) is said to be continuous from below if for any and satisfying it holds that . (3) is said to be fuzzy measure if it is continuous from above and below. (4) is said to be strongly order continuous if it is continuous from above at measurable sets of measure ; that is, for any and satisfying and it holds that .(5) is said to be weakly null-additive if whenever and . (6) has property if for any sequence with there exists a subsequence such that ; see [11].(7) is said to be autocontinuous from above if for each and with .(8) is said to be autocontinuous from below if for each and with .(9) is said to be autocontinuous if it is autocontinuous from above and below.

Definition 3. Let be a nonadditive measure.

(1)A double sequence is said to be a -regulator if it satisfies the following two conditions:

(D1) whenever , (D2).

(2) satisfies the Egoroff condition if for any -regulator and for every there exists a sequence of natural numbers such that .

Remark 4. A nonadditive measure satisfies the Egoroff condition if (and only if) for any double sequence satisfying and the following it holds that for every there exists a sequence of natural numbers such that :

(D1′) whenever and .

3. Compact Measure and Regularity of Measure

In this section, we pick up several results for compact nonadditive measures and regularity of measures.

Definition 5. Let be a nonadditive measure.

(1)A nonempty family of subsets of is called a compact system if for any sequence with there is such that ; see [12]. (2)We say that is compact if there exists a compact system such that for each there are sequences and such that for all and .

Remark 6. The family of all compact subsets of a Hausdorff space is a compact system.

The family of all finite unions of sets in a compact system is also compact [13, Lemma 1.4]. Therefore, in (2) of the above definition, the compact system and the sequences and may be chosen so that is closed for finite unions and both and are increasing.

By [6, Theorem 1], the following result follows.

Theorem 7. Let be a nonadditive measure. If is compact and autocontinuous, then it is continuous from above and below.

Proof. Since is compact and autocontinuous, by [6, Theorem 1], the assertion follows.

In what follows, let be a metric space. Denote by the -field of all Borel subsets of , that is, the -field generated by the open subsets of . A nonadditive measure defined on is called a nonadditive Borel measure on .

Definition 8. is said to have pseudometric generating property if for each there exists such that for any , , implies .

Proposition 9. If satisfies pseudometric generating property, then it is weakly null-additive.

Proof. It is easy to see from the definition.

Definition 10. Let be a nonadditive Borel measure on .

is called regular if for any and , there exist a closed set and an open set such that and .

Li and Mesiar [7] also investigated the regularity on monotone measures. The following follows.

Lemma 11. Let be a metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If has the Egoroff condition and pseudometric generating property, then is regular.

Corollary 12. Let be a metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If has property (S), is strong order continuous, and is weakly null-additive, then is regular.

By Li and Yasuda [14, Theorem 1], we also have the following.

Corollary 13. Let be a metric space. If is weakly null-additive fuzzy Borel measure on , then it is regular. Moreover if is null-additive, we have

Corollary 13 above is a special case of [6, Theorem 5] and [15, Theorem 3].

For more information on regularity of nonadditive measures, see [5, 6].

4. Radon Measure

In this section, as main results, if we assume that a nonadditive Borel measure satisfies the equivalence condition of Egoroff’s theorem and pseudometric generating property on a complete or a locally compact, separable metric space, then it is Radon.

Definition 14. Let be a nonadditive Borel measure on .

(1) is said to be Radon (strongly regular) if for each there are sequences of compact sets and of open sets such that for all and .(2) is said to be tight if there is a sequence of compact sets such that .

Remark 15. Sequences of sets in the above definition may be chosen so that is decreasing, while and are increasing.

Proposition 16. Let be a Hausdorff space. Let be a nonadditive Borel measure on which is weakly null-additive and strongly order continuous. Then, the following two conditions are equivalent:

(i) is Radon (strongly regular),(ii) is regular and tight.

Proof. See [6, Proposition 2].

It is known that every finite Borel measure on a complete or a locally compact, separable metric space is Radon; see [16, Theorem 3.2] and [17, Theorems 6 and 9, Chapter II, Part I]. Its counterpart in nonadditive measure theory can be found in [5, 9], which states that every Borel fuzzy measure on a complete separable metric space is tight, so that it is Radon if it is null-additive; see also [3, Theorem 2.3]. The following two theorems contain those previous results; see also [18, Theorem 12].

Theorem 17. Let be a complete separable metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If is weakly null-additive and satisfies the Egoroff condition, then it is tight. Moreover, if has pseudometric generating property and satisfies the Egoroff condition, then it is Radon.

To prove the theorem, we need the following; see [7, Proposition 3.7].

Proposition 18. Let be a nonadditive measure. Then (i) implies (ii).

(i) is weakly null-additive and satisfies the Egoroff condition. (ii)For each and double sequence satisfying as for each , there exists a sequence of natural numbers such that .

Proof of Theorem 17. Since satisfies the Egoroff condition, by [19, Proposition 3], it is strongly order continuous. By Proposition 16 and Lemma 11, we have only to prove that is tight. Let be a countable dense subset of . For each , denote by the closed ball with center and radius . For each , put . Then, for any and , we have , so that by Proposition 18, there exists a sequence of natural numbers such that

Put . Then, each is closed and totally bounded, so that it is compact. Since , it follows from (2) that . Thus is tight.

Corollary 19. Let be a complete separable metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If is weakly null-additive, strongly order continuous, and has property (S), then it is Radon.

Proof. It follows from Theorem 17 since has pseudometric generating property [7, Proposition 5.1] and satisfies the Egoroff condition [19, Proposition 2].

Corollary 20. Let be a complete separable metric space and a fuzzy measure on . If is weakly null-additive, then it is Radon.

Proof. It follows from Theorem 17 since satisfies the Egoroff condition [7, Proposition 3.1] and it is regular [14, Theorem 1].

Remark 21. Corollary 20 above is a special case of [6, Theorem 5] and [15, Theorem 3].

Theorem 22. Let be a locally compact, separable metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If is weakly null-additive and satisfies the Egoroff condition, then it is tight. Moreover, if has pseudometric generating property and satisfies Egoroff condition, then it is Radon.

Proof. By Lemma 11 and Proposition 16, we have only to prove the tightness of . Denote by the family of all open and relatively compact subsets of . The local compactness of implies that is an open cover of . Since is strongly Lindelöf, that is, every open cover of any open subset of has a countable subcover [17, Proposition 3 and Theorem 6, Chapter II, Part I], there is a sequence such that . Put for all , where denotes the closure of a set . Then is compact and . Since is strongly order continuous [19, Proposition 3], . Thus is tight.

Corollary 23. Let be a locally compact, separable metric space and a nonadditive Borel measure on . If is weakly-null-additive, strongly order continuous, and has property , then is Radon.

Corollary 24. Let be a locally compact, separable metric space and a fuzzy Borel measure on . If is weaklly null-additive, then is Radon.

Remark 25. Corollary 24 above is a special case of [6, Theorem 6] and [15, Theorem 4].

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the referees for their valuable suggestions and careful reading to revise this paper. The first author would like to express his hearty thanks to Professor Shizu Nakanishi. The first author also would like to express his hearty thanks to Professor Toshiharu Kawasaki and Professor Ichiro Suzuki for many valuable suggestions.

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