Journal of Function Spaces and Applications

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 716029, 11 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/716029

Research Article

Weighted Hardy-Type Inequalities in Variable Exponent Morrey-Type Spaces

Dag Lukkassen,¹ Lars-Erik Persson,2,3 Stefan Samko,⁴ and Peter Wall²

¹Narvik University College and Norut Narvik, P.O. Box 385, N-8505 Narvik, Norway

²Department of Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, SE 971 87 Luleå, Sweden

³Narvik University College, P.O. Box 385, N-8505, Narvik, Norway

⁴Universidade do Algarve, FCT, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal

Received 20 April 2013; Accepted 3 September 2013

Academic Editor: Lars Diening

Copyright © 2013 Dag Lukkassen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We study the boundedness of weighted multidimensional Hardy-type operators and of variable order , with radial weight , from a variable exponent locally generalized Morrey space to another . The exponents are assumed to satisfy the decay condition at the origin and infinity. We construct certain functions, defined by , , and , the belongness of which to the resulting space is sufficient for such a boundedness. Under additional assumptions on , this condition is also necessary. We also give the boundedness conditions in terms of Zygmund-type integral inequalities for the functions and .

1. Introduction

Influenced by various applications, for instance, mechanics of the continuum medium and variational problems, in the last two decades the study of various mathematical problems in the spaces with nonstandard growth attracts the attention of researchers in various fields. This notion relates first of all to the generalized Lebesgue spaces , , known also as Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent . We refer to the existing books [1–3] in the field.

This variable exponent boom naturally touched Morrey spaces. Morrey spaces (with constant exponents) in its classical version were introduced in [4] in relation to the study of partial differential equations and presented in various books; see, for example, [5–7]; we refer also to a recent overview of Morrey spaces in [8], where various generalizations of Morrey spaces may be also found.

They were widely investigated during the last decades, including the study of classical operators of harmonic analysis, maximal, singular, and potential operators on Morrey spaces, and their generalizations were studied. We refer for instance to papers [9–16] and the references therein; in particular, Hardy operators in Morrey type spaces with constant were studied in [17–20].

The Morrey spaces with variable exponents and were introduced and studied in [21–23]. Generalized Morrey spaces ,   with variable exponents were studied in [24]; see also another version of Morrey-type spaces in [25]; we also refer to [26] for the so-called complementary Morrey spaces of variable order in the spirit of ideas of [24].

In the above cited paper maximal, singular, and potential operators were studied. This paper seems to be the first one where Hardy-type integral inequalities are studied in Morrey-type spaces with variable exponents. Concerning Hardy-type inequalities and related problems and applications, we refer to the books [27, 28].

The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we give necessary preliminaries on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces. In Section 3, we define our main object-variable exponent Morrey spaces and prove important weighted estimates of functions in Morrey spaces; see Theorem 10.

By means of these estimates in Section 4, we prove our main statements for Hardy operators in variable exponent generalized Morrey spaces. We also consider the necessity of the obtained conditions. In Section 4.4, under some additional assumptions on we obtain the boundedness conditions in a different form via Zygmund-type conditions on and provide a direct relation between and .

In Theorem 18 of this section, we specially single out the nonweighted case where we show that the Hardy inequalities in Morrey spaces are completely determined by the values and .

In the appendix we recall some notions related to the Bary-Zygmund-Stechkin class and Matuszewska-Orlicz indices which sporadically are used in the paper.

2. Preliminaries on Variable Exponent Lebesgue Spaces

We first recall the basic definitions related to variable exponent spaces. By , we always denote an open set in , , and , . Let also and .

Let be a measurable function on with values in . We suppose that

where ,  .

We denote by the space of all measurable functions on such that . Equipped with the norm , this is a Banach function space. For the basics on variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, we refer to [2, 29, 30].

We denote by , , the conjugate exponent of . The notation will stand for the set of variable exponents satisfying condition (1) and the local log-condition

where does not depend on .

We will use also the following decay conditions:

For brevity, by we denote the set of bounded measurable functions (not necessarily with values in ), which satisfy the decay conditions (3) and (4).

Let satisfy the log-condition (2). The inequality

for bounded open sets is known and proved in [31]. For unbounded sets, if, besides (2), the exponent satisfies the decay condition (3), then we have

where

See [2, Corollary  ]. The following lemma was proved in [32], Lemma 2, and a simpler proof given in [33].

Lemma 1. Let be a bounded function. Then

under conditions (3) or (4), respectively, where and and depend on and , but do not depend on .

We will use a consequence of the estimates of Lemma 1 in the form

where we denoted

for brevity.

We refer to the appendix for the definition of the classes and used in the following lemma.

Lemma 2. Let and and a function belongs to with respect to uniformly in . Then

where does not depend on and .

Proof. Let . We have

Since , we obtain

By (9), we have

Therefore,

and we arrive at (11). The last passage to the integral is verified in the standard way with the use of the monotonicity properties of the function in , imposed by the assumptions of the lemma on as

The class used in the following corollary is defined in .

Corollary 3. Let belong to the class uniformly in , where and . Then

Proof. The statement follows from (11) by the definition of the class .

Corollary 4. Let and and a bounded function satisfies the conditions

Then

where does not depend on and .

Proof. The statement follows directly from (11) with , since when and when .

3. Variable Exponent Morrey Spaces

3.1. Definitions and Some Auxiliary Results for Variable Exponent Morrey Spaces

Let be a nonnegative function on , positive on . Morrey type spaces, called also generalized Morrey spaces, with constant are known in two versions: global and local (we refer, for instance, to the survey paper [8]) and are defined as the spaces of functions such that

respectively, where .

Morrey spaces with variable exponent corresponding to the classical case , but with variable as well, were introduced and studied in [21]. More general approach admitting the variable function were studied in [24, 25].

Following [24], we introduce the variable exponent Morrey-type space by the definition below, but note that our notation differs from that of [24].

Definition 5. Let and let be a non-negative function almost increasing in uniformly in . The generalized variable exponent Morrey space is defined by the norm

We will also refer to the space as global generalized variable exponent Morrey space in contrast to its local version defined by the norm

where .

For a weight function on , the weighted Morrey space is defined by .

By the definition of the norm in the variable exponent Lebesgue space, we the can also write that

From which one can see that for bounded exponents one has

The following lemma provides some minimal assumptions on the function under which the so-defined spaces contain “nice” functions.

Lemma 6. Let . Under the decay condition

the assumption

is sufficient for bounded functions with compact support (in the case of unbounded set )  to belong to the local Morrey space . Similarly under the log-condition (2), the condition

guarantees that such functions belong to the global Morrey space .

Proof. Use (19) and (5), respectively.

Everywhere in the sequel we assume that the assumptions (26) and (27) for the spaces and , respectively, are satisfied.

We need the following lemma on variable exponent powers of functions in Bary-Stechkin class. For this class, Matuszewska-Orlicz indices, and all the related notation, we refer to the appendix.

Lemma 7. Let , , and satisfy the decay condition (3). Then

where and do not depend on and .

Proof. We have to prove that ; that is,

It suffices to consider the case . By Theorem A.4, the assumption implies that the function has finite indices and , and holds. Bounds in yield the inequality with some positive and . Then (29) follows from the decay condition at the origin, since .

In papers [17, 18], there were given various conditions for radial type functions to belong to Morrey spaces with nonvariable characteristics. The reader can easily adjust them for the case when they are variable. We do not dwell on this, but in the next lemma we give a certain example of a function in the space , important for our further goals.

Lemma 8. Let and satisfy the decay condition (3) at the origin and for some , and

for small and some . Then the function , where , belongs to .

If additionally we suppose that satisfies the decay condition (4) at infinity, for some , the inequality (30) holds also for large for large and ; then the same holds with .

Proof. We have to check that

By Lemma 7, this is guaranteed by the condition

The latter is equivalent to the condition , that is, , which in its turn is equivalent to (30) and consequently holds.

In the case of , the proof follows the same lines. This time instead of (31) it suffices only to check that

for some large . Here by the decay condition at infinity imposed on . Therefore,

after which the arguments are similar to those for the case .

Corollary 9. Let and satisfy the decay conditions (3) and (4), , and the inequality (30) holds for all , for large and ; then

3.2. Some Weighted Estimates of Functions in Morrey Spaces

Theorem 10. Let and . Suppose also that and . Then

with

where and do not depend on and .

Proof. We have

where . Making use of the fact that there exists a such that is almost decreasing, we observe that on . Applying this in (38) and making use of the Hölder inequality with the exponent , we obtain

By (9), we have , so that

It remains to prove that

We have . Since the function is increasing for all and the function is almost decreasing with some , we obtain

which proves (41) and completes the proof of the first inequality in (36).

For the second inequality in (36), we proceed in a similar way as

where . Since there exists a such that is almost increasing, we obtain

Applying the Hölder inequality with the variable exponent and taking (9) into account, we get

It remains to prove that , which easily follows by the monotonicity of the involved functions as

4. On Weighted Hardy Operators in Generalized Morrey Spaces

4.1. Pointwise Estimations

We consider the following generalized Hardy operators:

where is a non-negative measurable function on . In the one-dimensional case, their versions

on the half-axis may be also admitted, so that the sequel with may be read either as or .

We also use the notation .

Our next result on the boundedness of weighted Hardy operators presented in Theorem 13 is prepared by our estimations in Theorem 10. It is in fact a consequence of Theorem 10. We find it useful to divide this consequence into two parts. First, in Theorem 11, we reformulate Theorem 10 in the form to emphasize that we have pointwise estimates of Hardy operators and in terms of the Morrey norm of the function . Then as an immediate consequence of Theorem 11 we formulate Theorem 13 for global Morrey spaces.

Theorem 11. Let and . Let also the weight satisfy the conditions

in the case of the operator , and the conditions

in the case of the operator . The conditions

with , are sufficient for the Hardy operators and , respectively, to be defined on the space . Under these conditions,

where

Proof. The sufficiency of the conditions in (51) and estimates in (52) follows from (36) under the choice , for the operator and for the operator .

4.2. On the Necessity of the Conditions in (51)

Observe that the conditions in (51) are natural in the sense that they are necessary under some additional assumptions on the function defining the Morrey space.

Lemma 12. Let be as in Theorem 11 and for some , and (30) holds. Then the conditions in (51) are necessary for the Hardy operators and , respectively, to be defined on the space .

Proof. Choose . Then by Lemma 8. It remains to note that the conditions in (51) are nothing else but the statement that and , respectively, exist.

4.3. Weighted Norm Estimates for Hardy Operators

The statements of Theorem 13 are well known in the case of Lebesgue space, that is, in the case , with constant exponents, when ; see for instance [27, pages 6, 54]. For the classical Morrey spaces with constant exponents and , statements of such type for Hardy operators have been obtained in [17, 19].

Hardy inequalities in the variable exponent Lebesgue spaces were studied in [34–36]; see also the references therein.

Note that, in contrast to variable exponent Lebesgue spaces, inequalities for the Hardy operators in Morrey spaces admit the case when in the case of local Morrey spaces and in the case of global Morrey spaces.

We suppose that the condition

holds, which ensures that the space is nonempty by Lemma 6.

Theorem 13. Let , and as well as the functions and satisfy the assumption (54). Let also the weight satisfy the conditions in (49) in the case of the operator and the conditions in (50) in the case of the operator . Then the operators and are bounded from to , if

respectively. If and satisfy the assumptions of Corollary 9, then the conditions in (55) are also necessary for the boundedness of the operators and .

Proof. The sufficiency of the conditions in (55) for the boundedness follows from the estimates in (52).

As regards the necessity, the requirements in (55) are nothing else but the statement that

respectively, where

The function belongs to by Corollary 9. Consequently, the conditions, (55) are necessary.

Corollary 14. Under the same assumptions on and as in Theorem 13, the Hardy operators and are bounded from the global Morrey space to the global space , if

respectively.

Proof. Since , the statement immediately follows from the pointwise estimates in (52).

Remark 15. Theorem 18 is specifically a “Morrey-type” statement in the sense that the case of Lebesgue spaces (the case ) is not included. This, in particular, is reflected in the admission of values in Theorem 18, which is impossible for Lebesgue spaces.

4.4. Finding by a Given

The main theorem of the preceding section, Theorem 13 on the boundedness, provides a relation between the given function and in an indirect form, via the conditions in (55). In the theorems below, under some additional assumptions on the functions we obtain the boundedness conditions in a form of Zygmund-type integral conditions imposed on and give a direct relation between and .

In these theorems, we use the following assumptions on the function defining the data space :

where

(see for the definition of the classes ). Recall that the assumption in (59) may be equivalently rewritten in terms of the Matuszewska-Orlicz indices of the function as

Theorem 16. Let , , and as well as the function satisfy the assumption in (54) and (59) and let the weight fulfill the conditions in (49). If

then the Hardy operator is bounded from to , with

Proof. By (69), we have

To check that , by the definition in (20), we have to estimate the norm

We apply Lemma 2 with , which is possible by (59) and obtain

Then by (59) we get

Therefore,

and we arrive at (63).

Theorem 17. Let , , , and satisfy (54) and (59) and let the weight fulfill (50). If

then the Hardy operator is bounded from to , where is the function (63).

Proof. By (69), we have

after which the proof is the same as that of Theorem 16.

We single out an important case of non-weighted Hardy operators

in variable exponent Morrey spaces of classical type, that is, with the function , defined by

where and then by (63).

Theorem 18. Let be of form (72), , let be such that , , and

Then the Hardy operators and are bounded from to , if

In the case of , the conditions in (74) are also necessary.

Proof. In the sufficiency part, the theorem may be derived from Theorems 16 and 17, but we find it more convenient to derive it from more general statement of Theorem 13, since the functions and may be explicitly calculated in this case and

Since , we have

where the notation has the same meaning as in (10).

To check that , by the definition in (20) we have to estimate the norm . To this end, we may apply Corollary 4 with and replaced by . The assumptions on of that corollary are satisfied if and , which holds under the assumptions of the theorem. Thus, by Corollary 4,

Then the required condition

is guaranteed by (77) and (73).

Similarly the case of the operator is treated.

The necessity of the conditions (74) becomes evident if we note that in the case under consideration they are just the same as the conditions in (55) which are necessary by Theorem 13.

Appendix

A. Zygmund-Bary-Stechkin (ZBS) Classes and Matuszewska-Orlicz (MO) Type Indices

The reader can find more details and facts with proofs on the notions of this section for instance in [37–40]; see also the references therein. We recall some basic definitions and properties on which we based in our paper.

In the sequel, a non-negative function on ,  , is called almost increasing (almost decreasing), if there exists a constant (≥1) such that for all (, resp.). Equivalently, a function is almost increasing (almost decreasing), if it is equivalent to an increasing (decreasing, resp.) function , that is, .

Definition A.1. Let .

(1)We denote by the class of continuous and positive functions on such that the limit exists and is finite.(2)We denote by the class of almost increasing functions on .(3)We denote by the class of functions such that for some .(4)We denote by the class of functions such that is almost decreasing for some .

Definition A.2. Let .

(1)We denote by the class of functions which are continuous and positive and almost increasing on and which have the finite limit .(2)We denote by the class of functions such for some .

Finally, we denote by the set of functions on whose restrictions onto are in and restrictions onto are in . Similarly, the set is defined.

A.1. ZBS Classes and MO Indices of Weights at the Origin

In this subsection we assume that .

Definition A.3. We say that a function belongs to the Zygmund class , , if

and to the Zygmund class , , if

We also denote

the latter class being also known as Bary-Stechkin-Zygmund class [41].

It is known that the property of a function to be almost increasing or almost decreasing after the multiplication (division) by a power function is closely related to the notion of the so called Matuszewska-Orlicz indices. We refer for instance to to [37, 40, 42–44], for the properties of the indices of such a type. For a function , the numbers

are known as the Matuszewska-Orlicz type lower and upper indices of the function . Note that in this definition, needs not to be an -function: only its behaviour at the origin is of importance. Observe that for , and for , and the following formulas are valid:

for .

The following statement is known; see [37, Theorems 3.1, 3.2, and 3.5]. (In the formulation of [37, Theorem  5.4] it was supposed that , , and . It is evidently true also for and all , in view of formulas (A.5).)

Theorem A.4. Let and . Then

Besides this

and for the inequalities

hold with an arbitrarily small and .

A.2. ZBS Classes and MO Indices of Weights at Infinity

Definition A.5. Let . We put , where is the class of functions satisfying the condition

and is the class of functions satisfying the condition

where does not depend on .

The indices and responsible for the behavior of functions at infinity are introduced in the way similar to (A.4) as

Properties of functions in the class are easily derived from those of functions in because of the following equivalence:

where and . Direct calculation shows that

By (A.15) and (A.16), one can easily reformulate properties of functions of the class near the origin, given in Theorem A.4 for the case of the corresponding behavior at infinity of functions of the class and obtain that

We say that a continuous function in is in the class , if its restriction to belongs to and its restriction to belongs to . For functions in , the notation

has an obvious meaning (note that in (A.18) we use and , not and ). In the case where the indices coincide, that is, , we will simply write and similarly for . We also denote

Making use of Theorem A.4 for and relations (A.16), one easily arrives at the following statement.

Lemma A.6. Let . Then

Acknowledgment

The second author thanks Luleå University of Technology for financial support for research visits in February–April 2013.

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