Journal of OperatorsVolume 2013 (2013), Article ID 904838, 7 pageshttp://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/904838

Research Article

Some Properties of the Sequence Space

Kuldip Raj and Sunil K. Sharma

School of Mathematics, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir 182320 , India

Received 29 March 2013; Revised 6 June 2013; Accepted 6 June 2013

Academic Editor: Palle E. Jorgensen

Copyright © 2013 Kuldip Raj and Sunil K. Sharma. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We introduce the sequence space defined by a Musielak-Orlicz function . We also study some topological properties and prove some inclusion relations involving this space.

1. Introduction and Preliminaries

The concept of 2-normed spaces was initially developed by Gähler [1] in the mid-1960s, while one can see that of -normed spaces in Misiak [2]. Since then, many others have studied this concept and obtained various results; see Gunawan [3, 4] and Gunawan and Mashadi [5]. Let and be a linear space over the field , where is the field of real or complex numbers of dimension , where . A real valued function on satisfying the following four conditions: (1) if and only if are linearly dependent in ; (2) is invariant under permutation; (3) for any ; and (4)is called an -norm on , and the pair is called an -normed space over the field .

For example, we may take being equipped with the -norm = the volume of the -dimensional parallelopiped spanned by the vectors which may be given explicitly by the formula where for each . Let be an -normed space of dimension and be linearly independent set in . Then the following function on defined by defines an -norm on with respect to .

A sequence in an -normed space is said to converge to some if

A sequence in an -normed space is said to be Cauchy if If every Cauchy sequence in converges to some , then is said to be complete with respect to the -norm. Any complete -normed space is said to be -Banach space.

An Orlicz function is a function which is continuous, nondecreasing, and convex with , for and as .

Lindenstrauss and Tzafriri [6] used the idea of Orlicz function to define the following sequence space. Let be the space of all real or complex sequences ; then which is called an Orlicz sequence space. The space is a Banach space with the norm

It is shown in [6] that every Orlicz sequence space contains a subspace isomorphic to . The -condition is equivalent to for all values of and for . A sequence of Orlicz function is called a Musielak-Orlicz function; see [7, 8]. A sequence defined by is called the complementary function of a Musielak-Orlicz function . For a given Musielak-Orlicz function , the Musielak-Orlicz sequence space and its subspace are defined as follows: where is a convex modular defined by

We consider equipped with the Luxemburg norm or equipped with the Orlicz norm

Let be a linear metric space. A function : is called paranorm if (1) for all , (2) for all , (3) for all , (4)if is a sequence of scalars with as , and is a sequence of vectors with as ; then as .

A paranorm for which implies is called total paranorm, and the pair is called a total paranormed space. It is well known that the metric of any linear metric space is given by some total paranorm (see [9, Theorem , p. 183]). For more details about sequence spaces, see [10–23] and the references therein.

Let be an infinite series with sequence of partial sums and be any positive real number. The Euler transform of the sequence is defined by

The series is said to be summable to the number if and is said to be absolutely summable or summable if

Let be a sequence of scalars; we denote , where is defined by (12). After applications of Abel's transform, we have where

Note that, for any sequences , and scalar , we have and .

Let be a Musielak-Orlicz function and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. We define the following sequence space in the present paper: If we take for all , we have If we take , we get

The following inequality will be used throughout the paper. If , , then for all and . Also, for all .

In this paper, we study some topological properties and inclusion relations between the previously defined sequence spaces.

2. Main Results

Theorem 1. Let be a Musielak-Orlicz function and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers; the space is linear over the complex field .

Proof. Let , and . Then, there exist positive integers and such that Let . Since is nondecreasing, convex function and by using inequality (20), we have Therefore, . Hence, is a linear space.

Theorem 2. Let be a Musielak-Orlicz function and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. Then, the space is a paranormed space with where .

Proof. Clearly, and . Since , we get for . Finally, we prove that multiplication is continuous. Let be any number such that Thus, we have where . Since , then . Hence, and therefore converges to zero when converges to zero in . Now, suppose that as and in . For arbitrary , let be a positive integer such that for some . This implies that Let ; then, using convexity of , we get Since is continuous everywhere in , then is continuous at . So there is such that for . Let be such that for ; we have Thus, Hence, as . This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 3. If and are two Musielak-Orlicz functions and are nonnegative real numbers, then one has (i), (ii)If , then ,(iii)If and are equivalent, then  .

Proof. It is obvious, so we omit the details.

Theorem 4. Suppose that for each . Then .

Proof. Let . Then there exists some such that This implies that for sufficiently large value of , say , for some fixed . Since is nondecreasing, we get Hence, .

Theorem 5. (i) If for each , then . (ii) If for all , then .

Proof. It is easy to prove by using Theorem 4; so we omit the details.

3. Statistical Convergence

The notion of statistical convergence was introduced by Fast [24] and Schoenberg [25] independently. Over the years and under different names, statistical convergence has been discussed in the theory of Fourier analysis, ergodic theory, and number theory. Later on, it was further investigated from the sequence space point of view and linked with summability theory by Fridy [26], Connor [27], Šalát [28], Mursaleen [29], Işik [30], Savaş [31], Malkowsky and Savas [32], Kolk [33], Maddox [34], Mohiuddine and Aiyub [35], and many others. In the recent years, generalizations of statistical convergence have appeared in the study of strong integral summability and the structure of ideals of bounded continuous functions on locally compact spaces. Statistical convergence and its generalizations are also connected with subsets of the Stone-Cech compactification of natural numbers. Moreover, statistical convergence is closely related to the concept of convergence in probability.

Let be the sequence of positive integers such that , and as . Then is called a lacunary sequence. The intervals determined by will be denoted by , and the ratio will be denoted by (see [36]).

Let be a lacunary sequence; then the sequence is said to be -lacunary statistically convergent to the number provided that, for every , In this case, we write or .

Let be a lacunary sequence, be a Musielak-Orlicz function, be a sequence of strictly positive real numbers, and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A sequence is said to be strongly -lacunary convergent to the number with respect to the Musielak-Orlicz function provided that

The set of all strongly -lacunary convergent sequences to the number with respect to the Musielak-Orlicz function is denoted by . In this case, we write . In the special case , for all , we shall write instead of .

In this section, we give some results about -lacunary statistical convergence and give some relations between the set of -lacunary statistical convergence sequences and other spaces which are defined with respect to Musielak-Orlicz function .

Theorem 6. Let be a lacunary sequence. (i)If a sequence is strongly -lacunary convergent to , then it is -lacunary statistically convergent to .(ii)If a bounded sequence is -lacunary statistically convergent to , then it is strongly -lacunary convergent to .

Proof. (i) Let and . Then, we can write Hence, .(ii) Suppose that , and let . Let be given and take such that for all and set , where . Now, for all , we have Thus, . This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 7. For any lacunary sequence , if , then .

Proof. If , then there exists a such that for sufficiently large . Since , we have . Let . Then, for every , we have Hence, .

Theorem 8. Let be a lacunary sequence, be a Musielak-Orlicz function, and . Then, .

Proof. Let . Then there exists a number such that Then, given , we have Hence, . This completes the proof of the theorem.

Theorem 9. Let be a lacunary sequence, be a Musielak-Orlicz function, and be a bounded sequence; then .

Proof. Let with . Since , there is a constant such that , and given , we have Hence, .

Acknowledgment

The authors thank the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions.

References

S. Gähler, “Lineare 2-normierte Räume,” Mathematische Nachrichten, vol. 28, pp. 1–43, 1965.

A. Misiak, “n-inner product spaces,” Mathematische Nachrichten, vol. 140, pp. 299–319, 1989.

H. Gunawan, “On n-inner products, n-norms, and the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality,” Scientiae Mathematicae Japonicae, vol. 5, pp. 47–54, 2001.

H. Gunawan, “The space of p-summable sequences and its natural n-norm,” Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, vol. 64, no. 1, pp. 137–147, 2001.

H. Gunawan and M. Mashadi, “On n-normed spaces,” International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 631–639, 2001.

J. Lindenstrauss and L. Tzafriri, “On Orlicz sequence spaces,” Israel Journal of Mathematics, vol. 10, pp. 379–390, 1971.

L. Maligranda, Orlicz Spaces and Interpolation, vol. 5 of Seminários de Matemática, Polish Academy of Science, Warszawa, Poland, 1989.

J. Musielak, Orlicz Spaces and Modular Spaces, vol. 1034 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1983.

A. Wilansky, Summability through Functional Analysis, vol. 85 of North-Holland Mathematics Studies, North-Holland, Amsterdam, The Netherland, 1984.

F. Basar, Summability Theory and Its Applications, Monographs, Bentham Science Publishers, E-Books, Istanbul, Turkey, 2012.

F. Başar, B. Altay, and M. Mursaleen, “Some generalizations of the space bv(p) of p-bounded variation sequences,” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods and Applications A, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 273–287, 2008.

C. Belen and S. A. Mohiuddine, “Generalized weighted statistical convergence and application,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 219, no. 18, pp. 9821–9826, 2013.

T. Bilgin, “Some new difference sequences spaces defined by an Orlicz function,” Filomat, vol. 17, pp. 1–8, 2003.

N. L. Braha and M. Et, “The sequence space and -lacunary statistical convergence,” Banach Journal of Mathematical Analysis, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 88–96, 2013.

R. Çolak, B. C. Tripathy, and M. Et, “Lacunary strongly summable sequences and q-lacunary almost statistical convergence,” Vietnam Journal of Mathematics, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 129–138, 2006.

A. M. Jarrah and E. Malkowsky, “The space bv(p), its β-dual and matrix transformations,” Collectanea Mathematica, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 151–162, 2004.

I. J. Maddox, “Statistical convergence in a locally convex space,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 141–145, 1988.

M. Mursaleen, “Generalized spaces of difference sequences,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 203, no. 3, pp. 738–745, 1996.

M. Mursaleen, “Matrix transformations between some new sequence spaces,” Houston Journal of Mathematics, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 505–509, 1983.

M. Mursaleen, “On some new invariant matrix methods of summability,” The Quarterly Journal of Mathematics, vol. 34, no. 133, pp. 77–86, 1983.

K. Raj and S. K. Sharma, “Some sequence spaces in 2-normed spaces defined by Musielak-Orlicz function,” Acta Universitatis Sapientiae. Mathematica, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 97–109, 2011.

K. Raj and S. K. Sharma, “Some generalized difference double sequence spaces defined by a sequence of Orlicz-functions,” Cubo, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 167–189, 2012.

K. Raj and S. K. Sharma, “Some multiplier sequence spaces defined by a Musielak-Orlicz function in n-normed spaces,” New Zealand Journal of Mathematics, vol. 42, pp. 45–56, 2012.

H. Fast, “Sur la convergence statistique,” Colloquium Mathematicum, vol. 2, pp. 241–244, 1951.

I. J. Schoenberg, “The integrability of certain functions and related summability methods,” The American Mathematical Monthly, vol. 66, pp. 361–375, 1959.

J. A. Fridy, “On statistical convergence,” Analysis, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 301–303, 1985.

J. Connor, “A topological and functional analytic approach to statistical convergence,” in Analysis of Divergence, Applied and Numerical Harmonic Analysis, pp. 403–413, Birkhäuser, Boston, Mass, USA, 1999.

T. Šalát, “On statistically convergent sequences of real numbers,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 139–150, 1980.

M. Mursaleen, “λ-statistical convergence,” Mathematica Slovaca, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 111–115, 2000.

M. Işik, “On statistical convergence of generalized difference sequences,” Soochow Journal of Mathematics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 197–205, 2004.

E. Savaş, “Strong almost convergence and almost λ-statistical convergence,” Hokkaido Mathematical Journal, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 531–566, 2000.

E. Malkowsky and E. Savas, “Some λ-sequence spaces defined by a modulus,” Archivum Mathematicum, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 219–228, 2000.

E. Kolk, “The statistical convergence in Banach spaces,” Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis, vol. 928, pp. 41–52, 1991.

I. J. Maddox, “A new type of convergence,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 61–64, 1978.

S. A. Mohiuddine and M. Aiyub, “Lacunary statistical convergence in random 2-normed spaces,” Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 581–585, 2012.

A. R. Freedman, J. J. Sember, and M. Raphael, “Some Cesàro-type summability spaces,” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 508–520, 1978.