Mathematical Problems in EngineeringVolume 2012 (2012), Article ID 326876, 19 pagesdoi:10.1155/2012/326876

Research Article

The Practical Stabilization for a Class of Networked Systems with Actuator Saturation and Input Additive Disturbances

Dongyan Chen, Shanqiang Li, and Yujing Shi

Department of Applied Mathematics, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China

Received 28 May 2011; Revised 9 August 2011; Accepted 17 August 2011

Academic Editor: Yurong Liu

Copyright © 2012 Dongyan Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The practical stabilization problem is investigated for a class of linear systems with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. Firstly, the case of the input additive disturbance being a bounded constant and a variety of different situations of system matrices are studied for the three-dimensional linear system with actuator saturation, respectively. By applying the Riccati equation approach and designing the linear state feedback control law, sufficient conditions are established to guarantee the semiglobal practical stabilization or oscillation for the addressed system. Secondly, for the case of the input additive disturbances being time-varying functions, a more general class of systems with actuator saturation is investigated. By employing the Riccati equation approach, a low-and-high-gain linear state feedback control law is designed to guarantee the global or semiglobal practical stabilization for the closed-loop systems.

1. Introduction

Actuator saturation (control saturation), as a common and typical nonlinear constraint for control systems, is often encountered in various industrial systems, especially in many physical-controlled systems with magnitude limitation in the input. In general, linear systems can be completely controlled by using the linear state feedback, and the semiglobal (or local) stabilization can be achieved [1–3]. Linear systems with actuator saturation are also a special class of nonlinear systems [4]. The occurrence of actuator saturation inevitably affects the control systems performance and may even result in the instability of the controlled systems. Consequently, the actuator saturation has attracted significant attention, and a variety of approaches have been developed in the literature with respect to various types of systems [5–13]. Specifically, the problems of the global (or semiglobal) asymptotic stabilization, the attraction domain estimation, and the practical stabilization have been extensively investigated.

When the dimension of the integrator is greater than or equal to 3, the linear systems with input saturation cannot be stabilized by using the linear state feedback control law, so the global asymptotic stabilization of the system cannot be attained. However, if all eigenvalues of the open-loop system have negative real parts, the global asymptotic stabilization for the addressed system can be guaranteed by designing a globally stable boundary control law. Accordingly, the exponentially semiglobal stabilization problems have been widely studied in [1–3] by designing a linear state feedback control law. By employing the linear matrix inequality (LMI) technique, much work has been done in finding the condition of invariant set and the estimation of attraction domain, see for example, [14–18]. Very recently, networked control systems (NCSs) have attracted considerable attention due to their successful applications in a wide range of areas with the advantage of decreasing the installation cost and implementation difficulties [19–27]. It should be pointed out that, in most related literature concerning the actuator saturation problems, the networked systems with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances have not been thoroughly studied yet.

On the other hand, the study of the linear systems with actuator saturation also covers the practical stabilization problem, that is, a controller is designed such that the trajectories of closed-loop system can enter into an arbitrarily small prescribed neighborhood of the origin in finite time and remain thereafter. The practical stabilization problems have been gaining an increasing research interest, and many important results have been reported, see, for example, [28–30]. To mention a few, the problems of global practical stabilization for planar linear systems have been studied [28, 29] in the presence of actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. By tuning the value of the parameter and designing a parameterized linear state feedback law, sufficient conditions have been established such that all trajectories of the closed-loop systems approach to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of the origin in a finite time and remain thereafter. Moreover, the global stabilization problem has also been studied in [30] for a class of second-order switched systems with input saturation. It is worth mentioning that, because of the mathematical complexity and computational difficulty, the corresponding results for general multidimensional systems with actuator saturation and input additive perturbations have been not reported. By designing the low-and-high-gain and the scheduled low-and-high-gain control laws, the semiglobal asymptotic stabilization problems have been investigated in [31, 32] for general multidimensional linear systems. The feedback control law has been designed to deal with the matched uncertainties and input additive disturbances. However, strict assumptions on the input additive uncertainties and disturbances have been imposed on the systems. It is, therefore, our aim to address the multidimensional systems with general constraints on the input additive disturbances.

Motivated by the above discussion, we aim to investigate the practical stabilization problem for three-dimensional (multidimensional) system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. By employing the Riccati equation approach, the linear state feedback control law is designed to guarantee the practical stabilization for the system with actuator saturation and time-invariant input additive disturbances. Moreover, the practical stabilization of a general multidimensional system with actuator saturation and time-varying input additive disturbances is studied, and the low-and-high-gain linear state feedback control law is synthesized by using the Riccati equation approach. The main contributions of this paper can be highlighted as follows: (1) the practical stabilization problem of three-dimensional linear systems is investigated for the first time, which covers actuator saturation as well as input additive disturbances; (2) the low-and-high-gain linear state feedback control law is designed for multidimensional system with actuator saturation and time-varying input additive disturbances.

Notations.The notations in this paper are quite standard except where otherwise stated. The superscript “” stands for matrix transposition; () denote, respectively, the -dimensional Euclidean space, the set of all matrices; the notation means that matrix is real symmetric and positive definite (positive semi-definite); 0 represents a zero matrix with appropriate dimension, respectively; denotes the Euclidean norm of a vector and its induced norm of a matrix. In symmetric block matrices or long matrix expressions, we use a star “” to represent a term that is induced by symmetry. Matrices, if their dimensions are not explicitly stated, are assumed to be compatible for algebraic operations.

2. The Case of Bounded Constant Input Disturbance

Consider the following three-dimensional system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbance: where is the state, and are real matrices of appropriate dimensions, is the control input, and is the disturbance.

The saturation function is defined as where the notation of “sign” denotes the signum function.

Before proceeding further, we make the following assumptions.

Assumption 2.1. The matrix pair is controllable, and the eigenvalues of have nonpositive real parts.

Assumption 2.2. The input disturbance is bounded, that is, , where is an arbitrarily large positive scalar.

Based on Assumption 2.1, let , matrix is in one of the following forms: where , , and are positive scalars.

These forms of the matrix pair correspond to eight different cases for system (2.1). In the following, the problem of practical stabilization for system (2.1) will be investigated by designing the linear state feedback control law. To facilitate our development, we introduce the following definition.

Definition 2.3. Define an ellipsoid as follows: where is a symmetric positive definite matrix and is a positive scalar.

For system (2.1), the control law under consideration is of the following structure: where , and is a symmetric positive definite matrix to be determined according to the form of defined in (2.3).

Lemma 2.4 (see [10]). Letting with , and , one has where “” denotes the convex hull and .

Theorem 2.5. Consider the system (2.1) with defined in (2.3) and the control law (2.5). (i)If satisfies case () with or case () with in (2.3), then for any given arbitrarily small set containing origin in its interior and for any positive scalar , there always exists such that, for any , all trajectories of the closed-loop system will enter into the set in finite time and remain thereafter.(ii)If satisfies cases () or () or () in (2.3), when the initial state is in some bounded set, then for any given arbitrarily small set containing origin in its interior and any positive number , there always exists , such that, for any , all trajectories of the closed-loop system will enter into the set in finite time and remain thereafter.(iii)If satisfies cases () or () or () in (2.3), then all trajectories of the closed-loop system are oscillatory.

Proof. Firstly, let us prove (i).(i₁) Consider the following system that is, satisfies the case () with in (2.3).Let be the solution to the following algebra Riccati equation (ARE): we have Define For any , we have , that is, . From (2.7), we obtain Furthermore, there is . It means that will decrease in a constant speed and will be less than in finite time. Hence, any trajectory departing from will enter into the interior of in finite time. Similarly, any trajectory departing from will enter into in finite time.We choose the Lyapunov function with being the solution to ARE (2.8). For any , we have . It follows from Lemma 2.4 that Noticing that is a sufficiently small scalar, we have Define then there exists a scalar such that is the smallest ellipsoid satisfying . Hence, we have for all , and is an invariant set. Hence, any trajectory of the closed-loop system departing from will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter. If , then tends to origin. Therefore, approaches to the origin.(i₂) Assuming that matrix satisfies the case () and , then the system (2.1) can be written as follows: It follows from that is stable. Then there exists satisfying When , noting that , we have and Similarly, for any , it is easy to obtain .When , considering and noticing that is a sufficiently small scalar, we have Set Then there exists a scalar such that is the smallest ellipsoid which satisfies . Now, we can conclude that holds for all . Therefore, all trajectories will enter into in finite time. When , approaches to the origin.Secondly, let us prove (ii).(ii₁) Consider the following system: that is, satisfies the case (a).In this case, we choose the matrix to be the solution to the following ARE: where . Then, we obtain For any , and . The system (2.20) reduces to Hence, the solution to (2.23) can be described as: where is the initial state.By noting , we have . Furthermore, we obtain If , then any trajectory departing from will enter into in finite time. Let For , the discriminant of quadratic inequality is less than zero, then it is accessible to the conditions of the initial point set.Define then any trajectory departed from will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter.Similarly, when , a set of initial points can also be found such that any trajectory departing from the set will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter. After some algebraic manipulations, the initial set of points can be expressed as follows: For any , , we have Let Then there exists a scalar such that is the smallest ellipsoid which satisfies . Now, we can conclude that holds for all . So is an invariant set. For the initial state , any trajectory of the system departing from will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter. When , approaches to the origin.(ii₂) Consider the following system: that is, satisfies the case (b).In this case, we choose the matrix to be the solution to the following ARE: Then, we obtain where, if , then , and, if , then .Define Then there exists a scalar such that is the smallest ellipsoid which satisfies . Therefore, holds for all . Hence is an invariant set. For the initial state outside , any trajectory departing from will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter. Moreover, when , approaches to the origin.() Consider the following system: that is, satisfies the case ().In this case, we choose the matrix to be the solution to the following ARE: Then, we obtain where, if , then , and, if , then .Set Then, there exists a scalar such that is the smallest ellipsoid which satisfies . Therefore, is true for all . Hence, is an invariant set. For the initial state , any trajectory of the system departing from will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter. Moreover, when , approaches to the origin.Finally, let us prove (iii).Assuming that matrix satisfies any case among ()–(), when the actuator is saturated, all the system trajectories departed from and are oscillatory, that is, all the trajectories cannot back into any arbitrarily small set containing the origin in finite time. When the actuator is unsaturated, that is, . The positive definite symmetric matrix satisfying certain ARE can be obtained. When , there exists a small ellipsoid which contains origin as its interior and approaches to the origin such that for all . Furthermore, there exists such that is the smallest ellipsoid which satisfies , that is, , the trajectory only starting from can enter into in finite time.Based on (i)–(iii), the proof of this theorem is now complete.

Remark 2.6. It should be pointed out that, because of the mathematical complexity and computational difficulty, almost all papers concerning the actuator saturation and input additive disturbances have considered the two-dimensional systems. In this paper, we make the first attempt to investigate the practical stabilization problem for three-dimensional system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. To the best of our knowledge, the research topic addressed in this paper is new and meaningful. The above attempts distinguish our research results from the existing ones.

Remark 2.7. The sufficient conditions are established in Theorem 2.5 for three-dimensional system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbance. By applying the Riccati equation approach, the linear state feedback control law is designed such that the semiglobal practical stabilization can be guaranteed. It should be pointed out that the simultaneous consideration of actuator saturation and input additive disturbance leads to essential difficulties in the technical development, and the corresponding derivations are nontrivial. More specifically, some constructive strategies are introduced to facilitate the derivation of the main results.

3. The Case of Time-Varying Uncertain Input Disturbance

In this section, we investigate a more general class of systems with actuator saturation and time-varying disturbance input. A low-and-high-gain is designed to guarantee the global or semiglobal practical stabilization for the closed-loop systems.

Consider the following linear system with actuator saturation and time-varying disturbance input where is the state vector, is the control input, represents the time-varying uncertainty, and and are known real matrices with appropriate dimensions. is the standard saturated function, that is,

Before proceeding further, we make the following assumptions.

Assumption 3.1. The matrix pair is asymptotically null controllable with bounded control, that is, all the eigenvalues of are in the left half plane (LHP) and is stabilizable.

Assumption 3.2. The uncertain element is piecewise continuous in and locally Lipschitz in satisfying where is a known positive scalar, and the known function is local Lipschitz and satisfies with being a constant.

Problem 1. For the system (3.1), the purpose of this section is to design a state feedback control law such that the following requirements are satisfied.(1)If , the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable at the point of .(2)If , the trajectories of the system enter into a given set which contains the origin as an interior point and remain thereafter.

Remark 3.3. As discussed in [31], corresponding to the specific values for and , Problem 1 refers to different names. Specifically, when , , it is called the globally asymptotical stabilization by state feedback problem. When , , it is called the global disturbance rejection by state feedback problem. When , , it is called the robust globally asymptotical stabilization by state feedback problem. When , , it is called the robust global disturbance rejection by state feedback problem.

For Problem 1, the design of low-and-high gain state feedback control law is composed of three steps. In Steps 1 and 2, the low-gain and high-gain state feedback control law is designed, respectively. Accordingly, the low-and-high-gain control law is designed in Step 3.

Step 1 (low-gain state feedback design). Let be a continuously differentiable and strictly increasing function such that is symmetric positive definite for each and . Consider the following ARE: Then, the following lemma is obtained.

Lemma 3.4 (see [32]). Let Assumption 2.1 be satisfied, then, for all , there exists a unique symmetric positive definite matrix which solves the ARE (3.4) and .

Now, we construct the low-gain state feedback law as follows: where is a symmetric positive definite solution to ARE (3.4).

Based on Lemma 3.4, we can conclude that the above low-gain state feedback control law can be arbitrarily small when is arbitrarily small.

Step 2 (high-gain state feedback design). We design the high-gain state feedback control law as follows: where is called high-gain parameter, with being an adjustable constant, and are defined in Assumption 3.2.

Step 3 (low-and-high-gain state feedback design). Taking the low-gain and high-gain state feedback control law into account, the low-and-high-gain state feedback control law is constructed as follows: Concluded from [32], the state feedback control law (3.7) is one of the optimal control for the linear system (3.1) without any saturation constraint. The following theorem presents a criterion about the solution to Problem 1.

Theorem 3.5. Let Assumption 3.1 be true. There exist positive scalars and such that, for all and , the low-and-high-gain state feedback control law (3.7) is a solution to Problem1.

Proof. To begin with, the cases of saturation and unsaturation are discussed respectively. For convenience, set and .Firstly, we choose the Lyapunov function . By calculating the derivative of along the trajectory of closed-loop system, we have (1) The actuator is with saturation. Here, it is proved only when , where denotes the th element of vector .When , we arrive at Thus, we get Hence, where .It follows from (3.8) that If , for each , it can be easily seen that , that is, . Then, we have According to Assumption 3.1, we have for any .When , we obtain That is . Along the same line of the above proof, we can discuss the cases and , respectively. Hence, we can conclude that for .(2) The actuator is not saturated. When , according to (3.8), we have Next, we discuss the following two cases. If , by noting , we obtain If , then Suppose Taking , then all trajectories will enter into in finite time and remain thereafter for all . Here, is an arbitrarily small set including the origin point, and is a sufficiently large scalar.Specifically, it follows from that , that is, is globally asymptotically stable. To this end, the proof of this theorem is complete.

Remark 3.6. In this section, the practical stabilization problem is investigated for a general multidimensional system. From a practical point of view, it is more significant to consider the high-dimensional systems. It is worth mentioning that the system under consideration is comprehensive that includes the actuator saturation and the time-varying input disturbances. By using the Riccati equation approach, the low-and-high-gain state feedback control law is designed such that the global or semiglobal practical stabilization for the multidimensional system can be guaranteed. On the other hand, we are now researching into a method for the system with uncertainties, time-delay, and/or input disturbance in more general cases. The corresponding results will appear in the near future.

4. Conclusions

In this paper, we have made an attempt to investigate the practical stabilization problem for a class of system with actuator saturation and input additive disturbances. For the case of the input additive disturbance being bounded constant, the three-dimensional system has been studied where the system matrices satisfy a class of the controllability canonical form. Eight different forms of the system matrices have been discussed. Subsequently, by applying the Riccati equation approach and designing the linear state feedback control law, the sufficient conditions of the semiglobal practical stabilization or oscillation for the addressed systems have been established. For the case when the input additive disturbances are time-varying functions, by using of the Riccati equation approach as well as combining the low-gain linear state feedback and high-gain linear state feedback, a low-high-gain linear state feedback control law has been designed such that the global or semiglobal practical stabilization for a general multidimensional system with actuator saturation can be guaranteed. One of the future research topics would be the extension of the main results obtained in this paper to networked control systems [27, 33–36].

Acknowledgment

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 10771047.

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