Mathematical Problems in Engineering

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 352198, 7 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/352198

Research Article

Full-Order Disturbance-Observer-Based Control for Singular Hybrid System

Xiuming Yao,1,2 Ze Dong,¹ and Dongfeng Wang¹

¹Hebei Engineering Research Center of Simulation & Optimized Control for Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China

²National Key Laboratory on Aircraft Control Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China

Received 22 May 2013; Accepted 24 June 2013

Academic Editor: Zhiguang Feng

Copyright © 2013 Xiuming Yao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The problem of the disturbance-observer-based control for singular hybrid system with two types of disturbances is addressed in this paper. Under the assumption that the system states are, unavailable, full-order observers (for both system states and the disturbance) and a nonlinear control scheme are constructed, such that the composite system can be guaranteed to be stochastically admissible, and the two types of disturbances can be attenuated and rejected, simultaneously. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired full-order disturbance-observer-based controllers are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, a numerical example is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.

1. Introduction

Singular systems, which are also referred to as implicit systems, descriptor systems, are widely used to model various engineering systems, such as electrical networks, power systems, networked control systems, and robotics, due to the fact that such systems can provide a more general representation than standard state-space systems in the sense of modeling [1]. A great number of fundamental results based on the theory of state-space systems have been successfully extended to singular systems. For some fundamental work on this subject, we refer the reader to [2–7].

Disturbance-observer-based control has been proven to be an effective strategy to reject the disturbance which can be modeled by an exogenous system [8–13]. Recently, its applications have been found in the robotic systems [8], table drive systems [12], missile system [11], and so on. The essential idea of the disturbance-observer-based control scheme is to design a disturbance observer to estimate the matched disturbance and cancel the effect of the matched disturbance by applying the estimation information into the control law. On another research front line, singular Markovian jump system which includes the dynamics of both singular system and Markovian jump system has attracted great attention from researchers, and recently some results are available in the publication: sliding control problem for continuous Markovian jump singular system is investigated in [14, 15], where the necessary and sufficient condition for the admissibility of the nominal system is presented. - filter problem is designed for discrete-time singular Markovian jump systems in [16]. Notice that in the above-mentioned publications, the disturbance considered in the plant has been assumed to be norm-bounded one. In this paper, we will consider a wider case: the plant is subject to multiple disturbances (one is norm-bounded disturbance, and the other is the disturbance that can be modeled by the exogenous system).

Based on the previous reasons, in this paper, we will investigate the disturbance-observer-based control problem for a class of singular systems with Markovian switching parameters and multiple disturbances. With the proposed nonlinear control scheme and by choosing a proper stochastic Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions for the existence of the desired controllers in terms of LMIs [17, 18] are presented, such that the composite system is stochastically admissible and meets certain performance requirements. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the efficiency of the developed results.

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the problem and preliminaries. Section 3 presents the main theoretical results. A numerical example is given in Section 4. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 5.

2. Problem Statement and Preliminaries

Fix a probability space , where is the sample space, is the -algebra of subsets of the sample space, and is the probability measure on . Under this probability space, we consider the following singular MJLs:

where is the semistate vector, is the control input, is the output measurement and is supposed to satisfy conditions described as Assumption 1, which can represent the constant and harmonic noises. is another disturbance which is assumed to be an arbitrary signal in . The matrix is singular with , and the matrices ,  ,  ,  , and are known real constant matrices of appropriate dimensions. is a continuous-time Markov process with right continuous trajectories and taking values in a finite set with transition probability matrix given by

where ,  ,   is the transition rate from at time to at time , and .

Assumption 1. The disturbance can be formulated by the following exogenous system:

where , , and are known matrices with proper dimensions. is the additional disturbance belonging to .

The following assumptions are necessary conditions for the disturbance-observer-based control problem.

Assumption 2. is impulse observable [19].

Assumption 3. is impulse controllable, and is observable.

The free singular system with Markovian switching of (1a) and (1b) with , , and can be described as

We give the following definition for the singular Markovian jump system (4).

Definition 4 (Dai [2]). The singular Markovian jump system (4) or the pair is said to be

(i)regular if, for each , is not identically zero;(ii)impulse-free if, for each , ;(iii)stochastically admissible if it is regular, impulse-free, and stochastically stable.

In this section, we suppose that all of the states in (1a), (1b), and (3) are unavailable. Then, we need to estimate and , respectively. Here, we construct full-order observers for the whole states, and then based on the estimated states, we design a composite controller such that the resulting composite system is stochastically admissible with performance . For this purpose, Assumptions 2 and 3 are needed.

By augmenting the states of the system (1a) and (1b) by the disturbance dynamics (3), we obtain the following augmented model:

with , , and

The full-order observer for both and is designed as

with , and is the observer gain to be determined.

Define

as the estimation error.

Based on (5a), (5b), (7a), and (7b), we obtain the estimation error dynamics as follows:

In the DOBC scheme, the control can be constructed as

where is the estimation of and is the controller gain. Combining the estimation error equation (9) with system (1a) and (1b) yields

with and

where , , , , and are defined in (5a) and (5b).

The reference output is set to be

with .

Therefore, the disturbance-observer-based control problem based on full-order observer (7a) and (7b) for system (1a) and (1b) with (3) can be formulated as follows.

Disturbance-Observer-Based Control Problem. Given the Markovian jump singular system (1a) and (1b) with (3), design full-order observer of the form (7a) and (7b) and controller of the form (10) such that the following requirements are satisfied:

 (R1) the composite system in (11) and (13) with is stochastically admissible; (R2) under the zero initial conditions, the following inequality holds:

for all nonzero , where is a prescribed scalar and .

3. Main Results

Under Assumptions 2 and 3, suppose that and are given, and we first present the bounded real lemma for the composite system in (11) and (13) in terms of LMIs.

Lemma 5. Given the controller gains , the observer gains , parameters ,  , and , the composite system in (11) and (13) is stochastically admissible and satisfies the performance inequalities (14) if there exist matrices such that for ,

with

Proof. Define a Lyapunov functional candidate as follows:

Let be the weak infinitesimal generator of the random process . Then, for each , , it can be shown that

with and

Consider the following index:

Then, under the zero initial conditions, it follows from (13) and (18) that

with

Based on (15b), we can derive by taking (21) into account. Thus, under the zero initial conditions and for any nonzero , letting , we obtain . The proof is completed.

Now, we are in a position to present a solution to the composite DOBC and control problem formulated in this section.

Theorem 6. Consider system (1a) and (1b) with the disturbance (3) under Assumptions 2 and 3. Given parameters , , and , there exists a full-order observer in the form of (7a) and (7b) and there exists a controller in the form of (10) such that the augmented system in (11) and (13) is stochastically admissible and satisfies the performance inequalities (14) if there exist parameters , matrices , , , , and such that for ,

where is defined in (15a) and (15b) and

Moreover, if the previous conditions are feasible, the gains of the desired observer in the form of (7a) and (7b) and the desired controller in the form of (10) are given by

Proof. Define

with .

Substituting , defined in (11), defined in (13), and defined in (26) into (15a) and (15b) of Lemma 5 and based on the process of the proof of Lemma 5, we can draw a conclusion that the system in (11) and (13) is stochastically admissible with performance if (23c) and the following equalities and inequalities hold:

where is defined in (25) and

Note that

Considering (27b) and (29) and using Schur complement, we can see that if the following equalities (30) hold, then (27b) holds as follows:

with .

Define

Performing a congruence transformation to (30) by , we obtain

with .

Performing a congruence transformation to (23a) and (23b) by , respectively, we can readily get (27a) and

By Schur complement to (32) and based on (33), we can conclude that if the following inequalities (34) hold, then (32) holds as follows:

with .

By Schur complement to (34), we have

with

By using the fact that

we can show that if (23d) holds, then (34) holds, and thus (27b) holds. The proof is completed.

Corollary 7. Note that the conditions (23d) given in Theorem 6 are not strict LMI conditions due to (23e). However, with the result of [20], one can solve these nonconvex feasibility problems by formulating them into some sequential optimization problems subject to LMI constraints. By making the cone complementary linearization (CCL) [20], instead of dealing with the original nonconvex feasibility problem formulated in (23d) of Theorem 6, one may consider solving the following minimization problem involving LMI conditions (23d):

Now, similar to Section 3, we consider the following case: system (1a) and (1b) under Assumptions 1–3 is without jumping parameters (that is ), and thus the observer in (7a) and (7b) and the controller in (10) are mode independent. For such a case, the composite system in (11) and (13) becomes singular system effectively operating at one of the subsystems all the time, and it can be described by

with

Corollary 8. Consider system (1a) and (1b) under Assumptions 1–3 without jumping parameters. Given parameters , , and , there exists a full-order observer in the form of (7a) and (7b) without jumping parameters and there exists a controller in the form of (10) without jumping parameters such that the composite system in (39a) and (39b) is admissible and satisfies the performance inequalities (14) if there exist matrices , , , , and such that

with

Moreover, if the previous conditions are feasible, the gains of the desired observer in the form of (7a) and (7b) without jumping parameters and the desired controller in the form of (10) without jumping parameters are given by

Remark 9. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is also the first time that the full-order disturbance-observer-based control strategy is applied in the singular system with multiple disturbances.

4. Numerical Example

In this section, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Consider the systems in (1a), (1b), and (3) with the following parameters:

The transition probability matrix is assumed to be , and is set to be . Our intention here is to design reduced-order-observer-based controller in the form of (7a), (7b), and (10), such that the composite system is stochastically admissible and satisfies prescribed performance. We resort to the LMI Toolbox in MATLAB to solve the problems established in (38), and the gains of the desired observer and controller are given by

5. Conclusion

The problem of disturbance-observer-based control for Markovian jump singular systems with multiple disturbance has been studied. Full-order observer- (both disturbance and system states) based controller has been constructed. The explicit expression of the desired disturbance-observer-based controller has also been presented. Finally, the proposed methods have been verified by a numerical example.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported in part by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) under Grant 2012CB720003, by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61203041, 61127007, and 61121003, by the Chinese National Postdoctor Science Foundation under Grants 2011M500217 and 2012T50036, by the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China under Grant 20120036120013, and by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 11QG70.

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