Mathematical Problems in Engineering
Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 581962, 11 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/581962

Research Article

Generalizations of Refined Hölder’s Inequalities and Their Applications

Jingfeng Tian¹ and Wen-Li Wang²

¹College of Science and Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei 071051, China
²Department of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences Great Wall College, Baoding 071000, China

Received 15 May 2014; Accepted 16 September 2014; Published 30 October 2014

Academic Editor: Ashraf M. Zenkour

Copyright © 2014 Jingfeng Tian and Wen-Li Wang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We present several new generalized versions of refined Hölder’s inequalities proposed by Tian and Hu. And then we obtained some new generalized and sharp versions of Hölder’s inequalities. As the applications, the obtained results are used to improve Aczél-Popoviciu type inequality and Aczél-Vasić-Pečarić inequality.

1. Introduction

The famous Hölder’s inequality asserts that

where , and . The sign of inequality is reversed for . For , we assume that . The above inequality plays an important role in many areas of pure and applied mathematics. In recent years, considerable attention has been given to this inequality involving its generalizations, refinements, variations, and applications (see [1–5] and references therein). Among various generalizations of (1), Vasić and Pečarić in [6] presented the following important theorems.

Theorem A. Let . If are positive numbers such that , then

Theorem B. Let .

(a)If , and if , then

(b)If ,

In 2013, Tian and Hu [7] established some interesting refinements of inequalities (2), (3), and (4) as follows.

Theorem C. Let , let , , and let Then

Theorem D. Let .

(a)If , and if , then

(b)If , and if , then

(c)If , then

where .

The main goal of this paper is to give generalizations of inequality (5), (6), (7), and (8), and then some new generalized and sharp versions of Hölder’s inequalities are given. Moreover, the obtained results will be applied to improve Aczél-Popoviciu type inequality and Aczél-Vasić-Pečarić inequality.

2. Generalizations of Refined Hölder’s Inequalities

In order to prove our main results, we need the following lemmas.

Lemma 1 (see [8]). If or , then

The sign of inequality is reversed for .

Lemma 2 (see [9]). If , then

The sign of inequality is reversed for or .

Lemma 3 (see [10]). Let . Then

Next we provide the generalization of inequality (5).

Theorem 4. Let , let , and let , . Then

Proof. After some simple calculations, we obtain

Case (I). When , then . Obviously, inequality (12) is equivalent to inequality (5).
Case (II). Let be even and let . Write , which implies . By inequality (2), we have

Consequently, according to      , by using inequality (2) on the right side of (14), we observe that

Additionally, by using Lemma 2 on the right side of (15), we have

Combining inequalities (13), (15), and (16) we can get

Furthermore, noting that

we have

Consequently, from (17) and (19), we obtain the desired inequality (12) when is even.
Case (III). Let be odd and let . By the same method as in the above Case , we have

If we set , then from Theorem 4 we obtain a new generalized and sharp version of Hölder’s inequality (1) as follows.

Corollary 5. Let , and let . Then

Moreover, by using Theorem 4 and Lemma 3 we obtain the following refinement and generalization of the Hölder’s inequality (2).

Corollary 6. Let , let , and let . Then

Similarly, if we set , , , , , then from Corollary 6 we obtain the following refinement and generalization of the Hölder’s inequality (1).

Corollary 7. Let , , and let . Then

Next, we will give the generalizations of inequalities (6), (7), and (8).

Theorem 8. Let , let , , and let . Then

where .

Proof. Case (I). When , with . Obviously, , which implies . From inequality (3), we have

Consequently, according to     , by using the inequality (3) on the right side of (25), we observe that

Moreover, using Lemma 2 together with , we find

Combining inequalities (13), (26), and (27) we can get

Furthermore, noting that

we have

Consequently, from Lemma 1 and the inequalities (28) and (30), we have the desired inequality (24).
Case (II). When with , then . The inequality (24) is equivalent to inequalities (6) and (7).
Case (III). When , then . Inequality (24) is equivalent to inequality (8).

If we set , then from Theorem 8 we obtain the following refinement and generalization of the Hölder’s inequality (1).

Corollary 9. Let , and let . Then

where .

3. Applications

In this section, we show two applications of our new inequalities. Firstly, we provide an application of the obtained results to improve the Aczél-Popoviciu type inequality, which is due to Wu and Debnath.

The classical Aczél [11] inequality states that if , , , , then

As is well-known, Aczél’s inequality plays an important role in the theory of functional equations in non-Euclidean geometry, and many researchers (see [12–17] and references therein) have given considerable attention to this inequality and its generalizations and refinements.

In 1959, Popoviciu [18] presented the following extension of inequality (32).

Theorem E. Let , and let ,  ,  ,  . Then

The inequality (33) is called Aczél-Popoviciu inequality.

Later, in 1982, Vasić and Pečarić [5] obtained the reversed version of inequality (33). The inequality is called Aczél-Vasić-Pečarić inequality.

Theorem F. Let , and let , , , . Then

In a recent paper [19], Wu and Debnath established an interesting generalization of Aczél-Popoviciu inequality (33) as follows.

Theorem G. Let , , , , , , and let . Then

Next, by using Corollary 6 we present the following refinement of inequality (35).

Theorem 10. Let , let , ,   , , , and let . Then

where .

Proof. Denote

Since , we obtain . From Corollary 6, we have

therefore,

Substituting

into the inequality (39), we have the desired inequality (36).

Finally, we give the following Aczél-Vasić-Pečarić type inequality, which is the refinement of Aczél-Vasić-Pečarić inequality (34).

Theorem 11. Let , let , , ,  , and let . Then

where .

Proof. By the same method as in Theorem 10, from Theorem 8, we get the desired inequality (41).

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the referee for his/her very valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the NNSF of China (no. 61073121) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 13ZD19).

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