The Scientific World Journal

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 508026, 4 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/508026

Research Article

On the Approximation of Generalized Lipschitz Function by Euler Means of Conjugate Series of Fourier Series

Jitendra Kumar Kushwaha

Department of Pure & Applied Mathematics, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni, Bilaspur 495009, India

Received 8 August 2013; Accepted 26 September 2013

Academic Editors: K. A. Gepreel and Q. Xie

Copyright © 2013 Jitendra Kumar Kushwaha. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

Approximation theory is a very important field which has various applications in pure and applied mathematics. The present study deals with a new theorem on the approximation of functions of Lipschitz class by using Euler’s mean of conjugate series of Fourier series. In this paper, the degree of approximation by using Euler’s means of conjugate of functions belonging to class has been obtained. and classes are the particular cases of class. The main result of this paper generalizes some well-known results in this direction.

1. Introduction and Definitions

Letbe periodic with periodand integrable in the sense of Lebesgue. The Fourier series associated withat the pointis given by

with partial sums. The conjugate series of (1) is given by

with partial sums. Throughout this paper, we call (2) as conjugate series of Fourier series of function. Ifis Lebesgue integrable, then

exists for almost all(Hardy [1], page 131).is called the conjugate function of.

A functionif

,consider that if

(Definitionof Chandra [2]).

Given a positive increasing function,,

whereis a positive number independent ofand.

In case, thencoincides with. Ifin, then it coincides with.

-norm of a functionis defined by

-norm is defined by

The degree of approximation of a functionby a trigonometric polynomialof orderunder sup norm is defined by ([1], page 114-115])

andof a functionis given by

Letbe the sequence of partial sums of the given series. Then, for, the Euler () means ofare defined to be

The series is said to be Euler () summable toprovided that the sequenceconverges toas.

We write

2. Main Theorem

Hardy [1] established a theorem on (), () summability of the series. Harmonic summability is weaker than () summability. Iyengar [3] proved a theorem on harmonic summability of a Fourier series. The result of Iyengar [3] has been generalized by several researchers like Siddiqi [4], Pati [5], Lal and Kushwaha [6], and Rajagopal [7], for Nörlund means.

Alexits [8] proved the following theorem concerning the degree of approximation of a functionby the () means of its Fourier series.

Theorem A. If a periodic function,, then the degree of approximation of the () means of its Fourier series foris given by

and foris given by

whereare the () means of the partial sums of (2).

Later on, Hölland et al. [9] extended Theorem A to functions belonging to, the class of-periodic continuous functions on [], using Nörlund means of Fourier series. Their theorem is as follows.

Theorem B. Ifis the modulus of continuity of, then the degree of approximation ofby the Nörlund means of the Fourier series for f is given by

whereare themeans of Fourier series of.

Hölland et al. [9] have shown that Theorem B reduces to Theorem A if we deal with Cesàro means of orderand consider a function,. Working in same direction we prove the following theorem.

Theorem 1. Ifis aperiodic, Lebesgue integrable and belonging toforand if

conditions (16) and (17) hold uniformly in, then degree of approximation of, conjugate of, by Euler () mean

of the conjugate series (2) is given by

In order to prove our theorem, we need the following lemma.

Lemma 2. If, then

Proof. We have

sincewhen. Therefore,

Proof of Theorem 1. Thepartial sum of the conjugate series of the Fourier series (2) is given by

Taking Euler () means, we get

using Lemma 2.

Clearly,

Hence, by Minkowski’s inequality,

Then,.

Using Hölder’s inequality,, condition (16),, lemma, and second mean value theorem for integrals, we have

where

Now,

Using Hölder’s inequality,, and condition (17), we have

Combining (24) with (31), we have

which completes the proof of the theorem.

3. Corollaries

The following corollaries may be derived from our theorem.

Corollary 3. If, then the degree of approximation of a function, conjugate of,, by Euler’s meansof the conjugate series of the Fourier series (2) is given by

Corollary 4. Ifin Corollary 3, then, for,

References

G. H. Hardy, “On the summability of Fourier series,” Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 12, pp. 365–372, 1913.

P. Chandra, “On the degree of approximation of functions belonging to the lipschitz class,” Nanta Mathematica, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 88–91, 1975.

K. S. K. Iyengar, “A tauberian theorem and its application to convergence of Fourier series,” Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences: Section A, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 81–87, 1943.

J. A. Siddiqi, “On the harmonic summability of Fourier series,” Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences: Section A, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 527–531, 1948.

T. A. Pati, “Generalization of a theorem of Iyengar on the harmonic summability of Fourier series,” Indian Journal of Mathematics, vol. 3, pp. 85–90, 1961.

S. Lal and J. K. Kushwaha, “Degree of approximation of lipschitz function by product summability method,” International Mathematical Forum, vol. 41, pp. 2101–2107, 2009.

C. T. Rajagopal, “On the nörlund summability of Fourier series,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, vol. 59, pp. 47–53, 1963.

G. Alexits, “Über die Annäherung einer stetigen Funktion durch die Cesàroschen Mittelihrer Fourierreihe,” Mathematische Annalen, vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 264–277, 1928.

A. S. B. Hölland, B. N. Sahney, and J. Tzimbalario, “On the degree of approximation of a class of functions by means of Fourier series,” Acta Scientiarum Mathematicarum, vol. 38, pp. 69–72, 1976.