A Novel Iterative Scheme and Its Application to Differential Equations

The purpose of this paper is to employ an alternative approach to reconstruct the standard variational iteration algorithm II proposed by He, including Lagrange multiplier, and to give a simpler formulation of Adomian decomposition and modified Adomian decomposition method in terms of newly proposed variational iteration method-II (VIM). Through careful investigation of the earlier variational iteration algorithm and Adomian decomposition method, we find unnecessary calculations for Lagrange multiplier and also repeated calculations involved in each iteration, respectively. Several examples are given to verify the reliability and efficiency of the method.

The Adomian decomposition method [12][13][14][15][16] for solving differential and integral equations, linear or nonlinear, has been the subject of extensive analytical and numerical studies. The method, well addressed in [12][13][14][15][16], has a significant advantage in which it provides the solution in a rapid convergent series with elegantly computable components. In recent years, a large amount of literature has been developed concerning the application of Adomian decomposition method in applied sciences. In addition, the method reveals the analytical structure of the solution which is absent in numerical solutions.
He's variational iteration method [2][3][4] is based on a Lagrange multiplier technique developed by Inokuti et al. [17]. This method is, in fact, a modification of the general Lagrange multiplier method into an iteration method, which is called correction functional. The method has been shown to solve effectively, easily, and accurately a large class of nonlinear problems [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Generally, one or two iterations lead to high accurate solutions.
In the present study, we have linked up variational iteration method and Adomian decomposition method through Lagrange multiplier, which shows that VIM is another form of expressing ADM and vice versa. This study reveals that there is no need to integrate the differential equation again and again as we do in Adomian decomposition method. Advantage of new iterative scheme over the variational iteration method is that it avoids the unnecessary calculations and we can construct Lagrange multiplier very easily without construction of the correctional functional.

New Formulation for Adomian Decomposition Method and Variational Iteration Algorithm II
In order to elucidate the solution procedure, we consider the following th order partial differential equation: 2 The Scientific World Journal where = / , ≥ 1, is a linear differential operator, is a nonlinear differential operator, and are free of partial derivative with respect to variable , and is the source term.
As we are familiar with the fact that in all kinds of iteration techniques, except the operator rest of the terms, are treated as a known function on the behalf of initial guess. In this present newly proposed idea, we have used the same concept.
We have bound all terms in one function except operator. Consider By incorporating (2) in (1), we get = ( , , , , , On integrating (3), we obtain Again, by integrating (4), we have since we know that multiple integral can be reduce to a single integral by using integral property. Hence, we can write (5) in the following form: If we continue this process of integration, we can get final form as follows: . . .) By writing the constant of integration in the form ( ) = ( − ( , 0 + ))/ − , = 1, . . . , and substituting (2) in (7) then (7), we have In iteration form (8), it can be written as follows: where 0 ( , ) = ∑ −1 =0 (( ( , 0 + ))/ )( / !). In (9), ( − ) −1 /( − 1)! is Lagrange multiplier of He's variational iteration method, denoted by , if is an odd integer, and (9) can be written in standard variational iteration algorithm II [3] +1 ( , ) = 0 ( , ) + ∫ 0 ( + + ) , Equation (10) is exactly the same as the standard He's variational iteration algorithm II [3]. Here is a point to be noted, if we change our initial guess by adding source term in it, the resulting formulation will give the results obtained by wellknown Adomian decomposition method by decomposing the nonlinear term in (10). Consider Equation (11) is an alternative approach of Adomian decomposition method, where ( , ) is a term which arises from prescribed initial condition and source term. Furthermore, if we decompose the term ( , ) in (11) equation (12) is an alternative form of modified Adomian decomposition method.
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Illustrative Examples
In order to illustrate the solution procedure, we consider the following examples for ordinary and partial differential equations.

Example 1. Consider the Blasius equation
subject to the boundary conditions To solve the above given problem, we consider an extra initial condition; that is, (0) = . In order to solve (14) with this extra initial condition, we follow the formulation given in (10). Consider By using (16), we obtain the following successive approximations: Equation (18) is the exactly the same as obtained by using classical VIM in [20] and one can find the value of by using Padé approximant [21].
Example 2. Consider the nonhomogeneous wave equation where ( , ) = 2 − sin , subject to the initial conditions whose exact solution is To solve (19), we follow the formulation, given in (11). Consider Upon summing these iterations, we observe that Solution (23) is exactly the same as obtained by using ADM in [22].

Conclusion
This paper helps us to gain insight into the idea of Adomian decomposition method and variational iteration method. By keeping in view both methods, we propose more simplified forms to calculate Lagrange multipliers. By introducing this Lagrange multiplier in ADM and VIM following the observations that have been made,