Chain Hexagonal Cacti with the Extremal Eccentric Distance Sum

Eccentric distance sum (EDS), which can predict biological and physical properties, is a topological index based on the eccentricity of a graph. In this paper we characterize the chain hexagonal cactus with the minimal and the maximal eccentric distance sum among all chain hexagonal cacti of length n, respectively. Moreover, we present exact formulas for EDS of two types of hexagonal cacti.


Introduction
Topological index, which can be used to characterize some property of the molecule graph, is a numeric and invariant quantity of a structure graph under graph isomorphism. Recently a novel graph invariant for predicting biological and physical properties-eccentric distance sum-was introduced by Gupta eta al. [1]. It has a vast potential in structure activity/property relationships. The authors [1] have shown that some structure activity and quantitative structure-property studies using eccentric distance sum were better than the corresponding values obtained using the Wiener index.
Throughout this paper we only consider simple connected graphs. Let be a simple connected graph with the vertex set ( ). For vertices , V ∈ ( ), the distance ( , V) is defined as the length of the shortest path between and V in ; (V) (or (V) for short) denotes the sum of distances from V. The eccentricity (V) (or (V) for short) of a vertex V is the maximum distance from V to any other vertex in . The eccentric distance sum (EDS) of is defined as In [2] authors investigated the eccentric distance sum of unicyclic graphs with given girth and characterize the extremal graphs with the minimal and the second minimal EDS; they also characterize the trees with the minimal EDS among the -vertex trees of a given diameter. Iliç et al. [3] studied the various lower and upper bounds for the EDS in terms of other graph invariants including the Wiener index, the degree distance, the eccentric connectivity index, independence number, connectivity, matching number, chromatic number, and clique number. Zhang and Li [4] considered the maximal eccentric distance sum of graphs and determined the -vertex trees with the first four maximal EDS. Also they characterized the -vertex unicyclic graphs with the first three maximal EDS. Li et al. [5] investigated the trees with the minimal and second minimal EDS amongvertex trees with given matching number; as a continuance they also determine the trees with the third and fourth minimal EDS among the -vertex trees and characterized the trees with the second EDS among the -vertex trees of a given diameter. For other recent results on EDS, the readers are referred to [6,7].
A cactus graph is a connected graph in which no edges lie in more than one cycle. Consequently, each block of a cactus graph is either an edge or a cycle. If all blocks of a cactus are cycles of the same length , the cactus is -uniform. A hexagonal cactus is a 6-uniform cactus, that is, a cactus in which every block is a hexagon. A vertex shared by two or more hexagons is called a cut vertex. If each hexagon of a hexagonal cactus has at most two cut vertices and each cut vertex is shared by exactly two hexagons, we call as a chain hexagonal cactus. The number of hexagons in is called the length of the chain. Evidently, there exit exactly two hexagons which share only one cut vertex in any chain hexagonal cactus Let and V be two vertices in 6 . They are said to be in orthoposition if they are adjacent in 6 . If the distance between and V is two, they are in metaposition. They are in paraposition if the distance between them is three. An internal hexagon in a chain hexagonal cactus is called orthohexagon, matahexagon, or parahexagon if its cut vertices are in ortho-, meta-, or paraposition, respectively. A chain hexagonal cactus of length is called an orthochain if all its internal hexagons are orthohexagons, denoted by . The metachain and parachain of length are defined in a completely analogous manner, denoted by , , respectively. Recently, Došlić and Måløy [8] considered the chain hexagonal cacti and derived explicit recurrences for their matching and independence polynomials and explicit recurrences for the number of matchings and independence set of certain types. The present paper was motivated by [8]; we investigate the eccentric distance sum of chain hexagonal cactus of length and characterize the chain hexagonal cacti with the minimal and the maximal eccentric distance sums among all chain hexagonal cacti of length (>2), respectively.

The Minimal and the Maximal EDS of Chain Hexagonal Cacti
In this section we determine the chain hexagonal cacti with the maximum and minimum EDS. In addition, we give exact formulas for EDS of two types of hexagonal cacti.
By Lemma 1, we can get the following result.

Theorem 2. Let be a chain hexagonal cactus of length . Then
In the following, we will calculate the values of ( ) and ( ). For some V ∈ ( ), assume that (V, V ) = and (V, V +1 ) = . Then we have [ + 3 ( + 2 − ( + 1))] For some hexagon ( ≤ ) (see Figure 2) in , the eccentricity of every vertex on can be derived as follows: When is even, we have When is odd, we have The Scientific World Journal For some hexagon ( < ( + 1)/2) (see Figure 3), the eccentricities of every vertex on can be derived as follows:  When is even, then we have