ISRN Mathematical Physics

Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 837241, 9 pages

doi:10.5402/2012/837241

Research Article

Symmetry Reduction, Exact Solutions, and Conservation Laws of the ZK-BBM Equation

Wenbin Zhang,¹ Jiangbo Zhou,² and Sunil Kumar³

¹Taizhou Institute of Science and Technology, (NUST), Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China

²Nonlinear Scientific Research Center, Faculty of Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China

³Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831014, India

Received 22 April 2012; Accepted 4 July 2012

Academic Editors: A. Aghamohammadi and S. del Campo

Copyright © 2012 Wenbin Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

Employing the classical Lie method, we obtain the symmetries of the ZK-BBM equation. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain the similarity reduction, group invariant solution, and new exact solutions. We also obtain the conservation laws of ZK-BBM equation of the corresponding Lie symmetry.

1. Introduction

Symmetry is one of the most important concepts in the area of partial differential equations, especially in integrable systems, which exist infinitely in many symmetries. These symmetry group techniques provide one method for obtaining exact and special solutions of a given partial differential equation. To find the Lie point symmetry of a nonlinear equation, some effective methods have been introduced, such as the classical Lie group approach, the nonclassical Lie group approach, the Clarkson-Kruskal (CK) direct symmetry method, and the compatibility method [1, 2].

The purpose of this paper is to apply the classical Lie method to the following Zakharov-Kuznetsov-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (ZK-BBM) equation:

which was presented by Wazwaz [3, 4]. Wazwaz obtained some solitons solutions, periodic solutions, and complex solutions by using the sine-cosine method and the extended tanh method. Abdou [5] used the extended F-expansion method to construct exact solutions. Song and Yang [6] employed the bifurcation method of dynamical systems to obtain traveling wave solutions.

This paper is arranged as follows. In Section 2, we get the symmetries and group invariant solutions of (1.1). In Section 3, the reductions of (1.1) are obtained, and in Section 4, we derive some new exact solutions of (1.1). Finally, the conservation laws of (1.1) will be presented in Section 5.

2. Symmetry of the ZK-BBM Equation

The main task of the classical Lie method is to seek some symmetries and look for exact solutions of a given partial differential equation. The vector field of (1.1) can be expressed as

and its third prolongation can be given as

where are given explicitly in terms of , and the derivatives of .

From , it follows

Letting the coefficients of the polynomial be zero yields a set of differential equations of the functions , and . Solving these equations, one can arrive at

where , and are arbitrary constants.

The corresponding symmetries are

The vector field can be written as

In order to get some exact solutions from the known ones of (1.1), we will find the corresponding Lie symmetry groups. To this end, solving the following initial problems:

where is a parameter.

From (2.7) we can obtain the Lie symmetry group . According to different , and in , we have the following group by solving (2.7):

We can obtain the corresponding new solutions by applying the above groups , and as follows:

For example, taking the following periodic wave solution [3] of (1.1)

where and .

One can obtain new exact solution of (1.1) by applying as follows:

where and .

3. Reductions of ZK-BBM Equation

Now we will reduce (1.1) by means of the symmetries (2.4). Here we discuss the following cases.

Case 1. Letting . Then

Solving the differential equation , one can get

Substituting (3.2) into (1.1), we have

Case 2. Letting . Then

Solving the differential equation , one can get

Substituting (3.5) into (1.1), one can reduce (1.1) to the following equation:

Case 3. Letting . Then

Solving the differential equation , one can get

Substituting (3.8) into (1.1), we have

4. Similarity Solutions of ZK-BBM Equation

By solving the reduced equations (3.3), (3.6), and (3.9), we can get some new explicit solutions of (1.1). Now we discuss some cases in the following.

Case 1. Assuming (3.3) has the following solution:

where and are the functions to be determined. Substituting (4.1) into (3.3) yields

then the new exact solution of (1.1) is expressed as

where and are constants.

Case 2. To solve (3.6), we apply the -expansion method [7] and look for the travelling wave solution of (3.6) by setting

where are constants to be determined later. It can be seen by balancing and in (3.4). Suppose that the solutions of (3.4) are of the form

with satisfying the second-order linear ordinary differential equation

where , , , and are constants to be determined later. Substituting (4.5) into (3.6) along with (4.6) and setting the coefficients of , to zero yields a system of equations with respect to , and . Solving the corresponding algebraic equations and using (3.5), (4.5), and (4.6), we get three types of traveling wave solutions of (1.1) as follows.

When ,

When ,

When ,

where .

Case 3. Let , where . Equation (3.9) becomes the following ordinary partial differential equation:

Integrating twice with respect to in (4.10), we get

where ,  , and is a constant.

Since solutions of (4.11) have been given [8], we have some similarity solutions of (1.1) as follows.

When ,

When ,

When ,

When ,

When ,

When ,

5. Conservation Laws of ZK-BBM Equation

In this section we will study the conservation laws by using the adjoint equation and symmetries of ZK-BBM equation. For (1.1), the adjoint equation has the form

and the Lagrangian is

Since every Lie point, Lie-backlund and nonlocal symmetry of (1.1), provides a conservation law for (1.1) and the adjoint equation [9], the elements of conservation vector are defined by the following expression:

where .

The conserved vector corresponding to an operator

The operator yields the conservation law

where the conserved vector is given by (5.3) and has the components

Thus, (5.6) define components of a nonlocal conservation law for the system of (1.1), (5.1) corresponding to any operator admitted by (1.1).

Let us make more detailed calculations for the operator . For this operator, we have , and (5.3) written for the sixth-order Lagrangian equation (5.2) yields the conserved vector

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Startup Fund for Advanced Talents of Jiangsu University (no. 09JDG013), the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (no. 09KJB110003), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (no. 71073072), the Nature Science Foundation of Jiangsu (no. BK 2010329), the Project of Excellent Discipline Construction of Jiangsu Province of China, the Taizhou Social Development project (no. 2011213), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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