Abstract and Applied AnalysisVolume 2011 (2011), Article ID 874949, 6 pagesdoi:10.1155/2011/874949

Research Article

Approximately Multiplicative Functionals on the Spaces of Formal Power Series

F. Ershad and S. H. Petroudi

Department of Mathematics, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran 19569, Iran

Received 20 February 2011; Accepted 5 May 2011

Academic Editor: John Rassias

Copyright © 2011 F. Ershad and S. H. Petroudi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We characterize the conditions under which approximately multiplicative functionals are near multiplicative functionals on weighted Hardy spaces.

1. Introduction

Let be a commutative Banach algebra and the set of all its characters, that is, the nonzero multiplicative linear functionals on . If is a linear functional on , then define

for all . We say that is -multiplicative if .

For each define We say that is an algebra in which approximately multiplicative functionals are near multiplicative functionals or is AMNM for short if, for each , there is such that whenever is a -multiplicative linear functional.

We deal with an algebra in which every approximately multiplicative functional is near a multiplicative functional (AMNM algebra). The question whether an almost multiplicative map is close to a multiplicative, constitutes an interesting problem. Johnson has shown that various Banach algebras are AMNM and some of them fail to be AMNM [1–3]. Also, this property is still unknown for some Banach algebras such as , Douglas algebras, and where is a compact subset of . Here, we want to investigate conditions under which a weighted Hardy space is to be AMNM. For some sources on these topics one can refer to [1–8].

Let be a sequence of positive numbers with and . We consider the space of sequences such that The notation will be used whether or not the series converges for any value of . These are called formal power series or weighted Hardy spaces. Let denote the space of all such formal power series. These are reflexive Banach spaces with norm . Also, the dual of is , where and (see [9]). Let . So , and then is a basis such that for all . For some sources one can see [9–21].

2. Main Results

In this section we investigate the AMNM property of the spaces of formal power series. For the proof of our main theorem we need the following lemma.

Lemma 2.1. Let and . Then, , where .

Proof. Define by , where Then, Thus, is an isometry. It is also surjective because, if then , where Hence, and are norm isomorphic. Since , the proof is complete.

In the proof of the following theorem, our technique is similar to B. E. Johnson’s technique in [2].

Theorem 2.2. Let and . Then, with multiplication is a commutative Banach algebra that is AMNM.

Proof. First note that clearly is a commutative Banach algebra. To prove that it is AMNM, let and put . Suppose that and , where . It is sufficient to show that . Since , if , then . So suppose that . For each subset of , let where For any subsets and of we have that Hence, for all . Also if , then, by considering with support, respectively, in and , we get that and so By taking supremum over all such and with norm one, we see that So either or whenever .For all we have that Thus, we get that Since , as we saw earlier, it should be or and equivalently it should be or for all .Note that, if with for , then Thus, the relation is not true and so it should be Since , clearly there exists a positive integer such that for all , where for all . Now, let for . Since and , . By continuing this manner we get that , which is a contradiction. Hence there exists such that . On the other hand, since , or . But , and so it should be .Remember that for all . Now we have that Therefore, and so But , and thus Define . Then , and we have that Thus, indeed , and so the proof is complete.

Disclosure

This is a part of the second author’s Doctoral thesis written under the direction of the first author.

References

K. Jarosz, “Almost multiplicative functionals,” Studia Mathematica, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 37–58, 1997.

B. E. Johnson, “Approximately multiplicative functionals,” Journal of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 489–510, 1986.

T. M. Rassias, “The problem of S. M. Ulam for approximately multiplicative mappings,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 246, no. 2, pp. 352–378, 2000.

R. Howey, “Approximately multiplicative functionals on algebras of smooth functions,” Journal of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 739–752, 2003.

K. Jarosz, Perturbations of Banach algebras, vol. 1120 of Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1985.

B. E. Johnson, “Approximately multiplicative maps between Banach algebras,” Journal of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 294–316, 1988.

F. Cabello Sánchez, “Pseudo-characters and almost multiplicative functionals,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 248, no. 1, pp. 275–289, 2000.

S. J. Sidney, “Are all uniform algebras AMNM?” The Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 327–330, 1997.

B. Yousefi, “On the space ,” Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 115–120, 2000.

K. Seddighi and B. Yousefi, “On the reflexivity of operators on function spaces,” Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 116, no. 1, pp. 45–52, 1992.

A. L. Shields, “Weighted shift operators and analytic function theory,” in Topics in Operator Theory, vol. 13, pp. 49–128, American Mathematical Society of Providence, Providence, RI, USA, 1974.

B. Yousefi, “Unicellularity of the multiplication operator on Banach spaces of formal power series,” Studia Mathematica, vol. 147, no. 3, pp. 201–209, 2001.

B. Yousefi, “Bounded analytic structure of the Banach space of formal power series,” Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo. Serie II, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 403–410, 2002.

B. Yousefi and S. Jahedi, “Composition operators on Banach spaces of formal power series,” Bollettino della Unione Matematica Italiana. B, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 481–487, 2003.

B. Yousefi, “Strictly cyclic algebra of operators acting on Banach spaces ,” Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, vol. 54, no. 129, pp. 261–266, 2004.

B. Yousefi and R. Soltani, “On the Hilbert space of formal power series,” Honam Mathematical Journal, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 299–308, 2004.

B. Yousefi, “Composition operators on weighted Hardy spaces,” Kyungpook Mathematical Journal, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 319–324, 2004.

B. Yousefi and Y. N. Dehghan, “Reflexivity on weighted Hardy spaces,” Southeast Asian Bulletin of Mathematics, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 587–593, 2004.

B. Yousefi, “On the eighteenth question of Allen Shields,” International Journal of Mathematics, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 37–42, 2005.

B. Yousefi and A. I. Kashkuli, “Cyclicity and unicellularity of the differentiation operator on Banach spaces of formal power series,” Mathematical Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2005.

B. Yousefi and A. Farrokhinia, “On the hereditarily hypercyclic operators,” Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1219–1229, 2006.