Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 390132, 7 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/390132

Research Article

Persistence Property and Estimate on Momentum Support for the Integrable Degasperis-Procesi Equation

Zhengguang Guo¹ and Liangbing Jin²

¹College of Mathematics and Information Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China

²Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China

Received 24 April 2013; Accepted 4 October 2013

Academic Editor: T. Raja Sekhar

Copyright © 2013 Zhengguang Guo and Liangbing Jin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

It is shown that a strong solution of the Degasperis-Procesi equation possesses persistence property in the sense that the solution with algebraically decaying initial data and its spatial derivative must retain this property. Moreover, we give estimates of measure for the momentum support.

1. Introduction

Recently, Degasperis and Procesi [1] consider the following family of third order dispersive conservation laws:

where ,  ,  ,  ,  , and are real constants. Within this family, only three equations that satisfy asymptotic integrability condition up to third order are singled out, namely, the KdV equation

the Camassa-Holm equation

and a new equation (the Degasperis-Procesi equation, the DP equation, for simplicity) which can be written as (after rescaling) the dispersionless form [1]

It is worth noting that in [2] both the Camassa-Holm and DP equations are derived as members of a one-parameter family of asymptotic shallow water approximations to the Euler equations: this is important because it shows that (after the addition of linear dispersion terms) both the Camassa-Holm and DP equations are physically relevant; otherwise the DP equation would be of purely theoretical interest.

When and in (1), we recover the Camassa-Holm equation derived physically by Camassa and Holm in [3] by approximating directly the Hamiltonian for Euler’s equations in the shallow water regime, where represents the free surface above a flat bottom. There is also a geometric approach which is used to prove the least action principle holding for the Camassa-Holm equation, compared with [4]. It is worth pointing out that a fundamental aspect of the Camassa-Holm equation, the fact that it is a completely integrable system, was shown in [5, 6]. Some satisfactory results have been obtained for this shallow water equation recently, we refer the readers to see [7–19].

Although, the DP equation (4) has a similar form to the Camassa-Holm equation and admits exact peakon solutions analogous to the Camassa-Holm peakons [20], these two equations are pretty different. The isospectral problem for equation (4) is

while for Camassa-Holm equation it is

where for both cases. This implies that the inside structures of the DP equation (4) and the Camassa-Holm equation are truly different. However, we not only have some similar results [21–23], but also have considerable differences in the scattering/inverse scattering approach, compared with the discussion in [5, 6] and in the paper [24].

Analogous to the Camassa-Holm equation, (4) can be written in Hamiltonian form and has infinitely many conservation laws. Here we list some of the simplest conserved quantities [20]:

where . So they are different from the invariants of the Camassa-Holm equation

Set ; then the operator in can be expressed by

Equation (4) can be written as

while the Camassa-Holm equation can be written as

On the other hand, the DP equation can also be expressed in the following momentum form:

This formulation is important to motivate us to consider the measure of momentum support which is the second object of this paper, since we found that (12) is similar to the vorticity equation of the three-dimensional Euler equation for incompressible perfect fluids ( is the speed, and is its vorticity)

The stretching term in (13) is similar to the term in (12).

One can follow the argument for the Camassa-Holm equation [8] to establish the following well posedness theorem for the Degasperis-Procesi equation.

Theorem 1 (see [23]). Given , , then there exist a and a unique solution to (4) (also (10)) such that

It should be mentioned that due to the form of (10) (no derivative appears in the convolution term), Coclite and Karlsen [25] established global existence and uniqueness result for entropy weak solutions belonging to the class .

2. Unique Continuation

The purpose of this section is to show that the solution to (10) and its first-order spatial derivative retain algebraic decay at infinity as their initial values do. Precisely, we prove.

Theorem 2. Assume that for some and, is a strong solution of the initial value problem associated with (10), and that satisfies that for some

Then

uniformly in the time interval .

Notation. We will say that

where is a nonnegative constant.

Proof. We introduce the following notations:

Multiplying (10) by with and integrating the result in the -variable, one gets

The first term in (20) is

and for the rest, we have

From the above inequalities, we get

and therefore, by Sobolev embedding theorem and Gronwall’s inequality, there exists a constant such that

Since implies

taking the limits in (24) (note that and ) from (25) we get

We will now repeat the above arguments using the barrier function

where . Observe that for all we have

Using notation in (18), from (10) we obtain

Hence, as in the weightless case (26), we get

A simple calculation shows that there exists depending only on such that, for any ,

Thus, for any appropriate function one finds that

Combining with (30), we get

where . By Gronwall’s inequality, there exists a constant for any such that

Finally, taking the limit as goes to infinity in (34) we find that for any

From (15), we get as .

Next, differentiating (10) in the -variable produces the equation

Again, multiplying (36) by , integrating the result in the -variable, and using integration by parts

one gets the inequality

and therefore as before

Since , we can use (25) and pass to the limit in (39) to obtain

from (36) we get

We need to eliminate the second derivatives in the second term in (41). Thus, combining integration by parts and (28), we find

Since , the argument in (32) also shows that

Similarly, we get

where .

Then, taking the limit as goes to infinity, we find that for any

Since as and (15), we get

This completes the proof.

3. Measure of Momentum Support

It is known that, for the Degasperis-Procesi equation, the momentum density with compactly supported initial data will retain this property; that is, is also compactly supported [21]. However, the same argument for is false [21]. Note that a detailed description of solution outside of the support of is given in [26, 27]. Moreover, the exponential behavior of in outside this support is obvious. The comparison of the DP equation and the incompressible Euler equation above implies that the momentum in (12) plays a similar role as the vorticity does in (13). This motivates us to estimate the size of supp for strong solutions. The approach is inspired by the work of Kim [28] and the recent work [29].

We first introduce the particle trajectory method. Let be a strong solution of (4) guaranteed by the well posedness Theorem 1. Let be the solution of the following initial value problem:

Then, is an increasing diffeomorphism. It is shown [21, 23] that

this implies that the support of propagates along the flow. Set to be the support of . Let , and let be given by the following:

Moreover, we also want to mention the standard argument on the first Dirichlet eigenvalue problem. Let be an open interval in , and, be the first Dirichlet eigenvalue of the Laplacian on . Then we have

It is just and the normalized eigenfunctions are the suitable translations of

Theorem 3. Let be a strong solution of (12). Let be the support of for with its initial being connected.

(I) Suppose there exists a positive constant such that for . Then

(II) does not change sign or

 and ; then, for all

Proof. (I) The relation of momenta and gives

Then, we have by (12) and the lower bound of

Thus

Therefore, (56), (58), and Gronwall inequality imply that

On the other hand, due to Propositions A.2 and A.3, is Lipschitz and differentiable almost everywhere. Moreover, we have

Then, it follows that

with . So (52) follows from (61) and (59).

(II) If does not change sign, we conclude that solutions of (10) exist globally in time. Equality (56) and the conservation of yield

By similar arguments of (I), constant in (61) can be replaced by ; then (54) follows. If (53) is satisfied, we know that the solution of (10) exists globally in time [21, 30]. From (53) and (48), it is easy to get

where we denote with by . By direct computation, we have

Next, we prove that is decreasing with respect to time. To this end, one gets, by differentiating (64) with respect to and integrating by parts,

This implies that

Therefore, (54) follows by replacing with in (61).

Appendix

The following propositions with standard proofs are known in [29]; we list them here only for convenience of readers.

Proposition A.1. Let , and can be bounded by a constant ; then

 (a)

 (b)

 (c)

Proof. (a) Differentiating (47) with respect to , we obtain

Since is an increasing diffeomorphism, then . Combining the bound of , there holds

This can be solved as (a).

(b) Differentiating (49) with respect to to get

then (A.2) is a direct consequence of (A.1).

(c) Equation (49) and the definition of Sobolev norm give that

where we have used the change of variable . So (A.3) follows from (A.1).

Proposition A.2. Under the hypothesis of Theorem 3, for ,

Proof. Let with be a first normalized eigenfunction on . Then, for with , we have

Furthermore

Combing (A.9) and (A.10) together yields

The second one follows by similar arguments for .

Proposition A.3. Under the hypothesis of Theorem 3, for ,

Proof. Let with be a first normalized eigenfunction on , and let be such that its -transport is a normalized first eigenfunction on . For , using the left halves of (A.1) and (A.2) and then the right half of (A.3) we get

Hence

The other part is similar.

Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by ZJNSF, under Grant nos. LQ12A01009 and LQ13A010008, and NSFC, under Grant nos. 11301394,11226176, and 11226172.

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