Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 483059, 5 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/483059

Research Article

Common Fixed Point Theorems for Nonlinear Contractive Mappings in Dislocated Metric Spaces

Yijie Ren, Junlei Li, and Yanrong Yu

Department of Mathematics, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China

Received 7 January 2013; Accepted 1 February 2013

Academic Editor: Ru Dong Chen

Copyright © 2013 Yijie Ren et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

In 1986, Matthews generalized Banach contraction mapping theorem in dislocated metric space that is a wider space than metric space. In this paper, we established common fixed point theorems for a class of contractive mappings. Our results extend the corresponding ones of other authors in dislocated metric spaces.

1. Introduction

Fixed point theory is an important branch of nonlinear analysis and can be used to many discipline branches, such as control theory, convex optimization, differential inclusion, and economics. Banach proved a celebrated fixed point theorem for contraction mappings in complete metric space which is one of the pivotal results of analysis. Dass and Gupta [1] generalized Banach contraction mapping in metric space. Also Rhoades [2] established a partial ordering for various definitions of contractive mapping. The concept of metric spaces, as an environmental space in fixed point theory, has been generalized in several directions. Some of such generalizations are dislocated spaces, quasimetric spaces, dislocated quasimetric spaces, and generalized quasimetric spaces. The concept of dislocated spaces is treated differently by different authors. Matthews [3] generalized Banach contraction mapping theorem in dislocated metric space. Hitzler [4] presented variants of Banach contraction principle for various modified forms of a metric space including dislocated metric space and applied them to semantic analysis of logic programs. In this context, Hitzler and Seda [5] raised some related questions on the topological aspects of dislocated metrics. In 2005, Zeyada et al. [6] generalized a fixed point theorem in dislocated quasimetric spaces. In 2008, Aage and Salunke [7] proved some results on fixed points in dislocated quasimetric space. Recently, Isufati [8] proved fixed point theorem for contractive type condition with rational expression in dislocated quasimetric space. In this paper, we study the mapping refereed by Xia Dafeng and obtained fixed point theorems in dislocated metric space. For fixed point theorems, see [9, 10]. The following definition is introduced by Xia et al. [11].

Definition 1 (see [11]). Let . Let , , satisfying the following:

(1)if , then there exists , such that ;(2)if , then there exists , such that .

Theorem 2 (see [11]). Let be complete metric spaces, let be continuous mappings, and for all , such that

or

then have a unique common fixed point.

2. Preliminaries

Definition 3 (see [6]). Let be a nonempty set and let be a function called a distance function. If for all ,

(1)nonnegativity: ;(2)faithful: ;(3)the triangle inequality: ,

So, here is a quasimetric on , and is called a quasimetric space.

Definition 4 (see [6]). Let be a nonempty set and let be a function called a distance function. If for all ,

(1)nonnegativity: ;(2)indistancy implies equality: implies ;(3)the triangle inequality: ,

so, here is called a dislocated quasimetric or -metric on , and is called a dislocated quasimetric space.

Definition 5 (see [6]). Let be a nonempty set and let be a function called a distance function. If for ,

(1)nonnegativity: ;(2)indistancy implies equality: implies ;(3)symmetry: ;(4)the triangle inequality: ,

so, here is called a dislocated metric or -metric on and the pair is called a dislocated metric space.

Definition 6 (see [6]). A sequence in -metric space (dislocated quasimetric space) is called a Cauchy sequence, if for a given , there exists such that or ; that is, for all .

Definition 7 (see [6]). A sequence in -metric spaces is said to be -converged to provided that

In this case, is called a -limit of and we write .

Definition 8 (see [6]). A -metric space is called -complete if every -Cauchy sequence in converges with respect to in .

Lemma 9. Every converging sequence in a -metric space is a Cauchy sequence.

Proof. Let be a sequence which converges to some , and let be arbitrarily given. Then there exists with for all . For , then we obtain that . Hence is a Cauchy sequence.

Lemma 10. Limits in dislocated metric spaces are unique.

Proof. Let and be limits of the sequence . Then and as . By the triangle inequality of Definition 5, we conclude that as . Hence and using the properties (2) of Definition 5, we conclude that .

Lemma 11. Limits in dislocated quasimetric spaces are unique.

Proof. Let and be limits of the sequence . Then and as . By the triangle inequality, it follows that . As , we have . Similarly, . Hence ; that is, . Also as . That is, , and . By the property (2) of Definition 4, we conclude that .

Example 12. Let . Define by . Then the pair is a dislocated metric space. We define an arbitrary sequence in ; if , there exists an positive integer that satisfies . Then, for any , we have . Thus, is a Cauchy sequence in . Also as , then . Hence, every Cauchy sequence in is convergent with respect to . Thus, is a complete dislocated metric space.

3. Main Results

In this section, now we establish that common fixed points for mapping satisfying contractive condition are proved in the frame of dislocated metric spaces.

Definition 13 (see [9]). There exist that satisfy the condition , if one lets be nondecreasing and non-negative, then , for a given .

Lemma 14 (see [9]). If satisfy the condition , then , for a given .

Lemma 15 (see [11]). Let , and satisfy the condition ; for all , if or or , then .

Theorem 16. Let be a complete dislocated metric space, and let be self-mapping, if

(1)either or is continuous;(2)there exists satisfying the condition , for all , such that

then have unique common fixed points.

Proof. Let be continuous, arbitrary in , , the sequence of , and

Obviously,

By the given condition, we have

By Lemma 15, we have

Also

Therefore

By Lemma 14, we have

Hence, by induction, for all , we obtain

Similarly

If , we have

Note that by the condition we know, for such that , we have

Hence, as . This forces that is a Cauchy sequence in . But is a completely dislocated metric space; hence, is -converges. Call the -limit . Then, as . By the continuity of , as , . So as , , is the fixed point of .

By the given condition, we have

Hence, , so is a common fixed point of .

Uniqueness. Let be another common fixed point of . Then by the given condition, we have

Since , is the unique fixed point of ; similarly, we prove that is also the unique fixed point of . Thus the fixed point of is unique, and we prove the theorem.

Theorem 17. Let be a complete dislocated metric space; and let be continuous mapping, if

(1)there exists satisfying the condition , for all , if , such that

(2)there exists such that have a condensation point, then have a unique common fixed point.

Proof. Let be the sequence of , and for all , ,

Obviously,

Suppose that is the condensation point of ; there exists the subsequence of such that . Since is continuous, .

Consider

Also consider

Thus

Hence, we know that is decreasing. Let and . Since is the subsequence of , we have

Hence, we conclude that , a contradiction. So , is the fixed point of . Similarly, is the fixed point of .

Uniqueness. Let be another common fixed point of . Then by the given condition, we have

Since , is the unique fixed point of . Similarly, we prove that is also the unique fixed point of . Thus the fixed point of is unique.

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by NSFC Grants No: 11071279.

References

B. K. Dass and S. Gupta, “An extension of Banach contraction principle through rational expression,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1455–1458, 1975.

B. E. Rhoades, “A comparison of various definitions of contractive mappings,” Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 226, pp. 257–290, 1977.

S. G. Matthews, Metric domains for completeness. Technical Report 76 [Ph.D. thesis], Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK, 1986.

P. Hitzler, Generalized metrices and topology in logic programming semantics [Ph.D. thesis], University College Cork, National University of Ireland, 2001.

P. Hitzler and A. K. Seda, “Dislocated topologies,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 3–7, 2000.

F. M. Zeyada, G. H. Hassan, and M. A. Ahmed, “A generalization of a fixed point theorem due to Hitzler and Seda in dislocated quasi-metric spaces,” The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Section A, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 111–114, 2006.

C. T. Aage and J. N. Salunke, “The results on fixed points in dislocated and dislocated quasi-metric space,” Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 2, no. 57–60, pp. 2941–2948, 2008.

A. Isufati, “Fixed point theorems in dislocated quasi-metric space,” Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 4, no. 5–8, pp. 217–223, 2010.

R. Chen, Fixed Point Theory and Applications, National Defense Industry press, 2012.

Y. Yu and D. Sheng, “On the strong convergence of an algorithm about firmly pseudo-demicontractive mappings for the split common fixed-point problem,” Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 2012, Article ID 256930, 9 pages, 2012.

D. F. Xia, M. F. Fu, and B. Jiang, “Common fixed points for two self-mappings on symmetric sets and complete metric spaces,” Advances in Mathematics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 415–420, 2007.