Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 528695, 9 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/528695

Research Article

Control of Discrete-Time Singularly Perturbed Systems via Static Output Feedback

Dan Liu, Lei Liu, and Ying Yang

State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China

Received 19 December 2012; Accepted 22 February 2013

Academic Editor: Guanglu Zhou

Copyright © 2013 Dan Liu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

This paper concentrates on control problems of discrete-time singularly perturbed systems via static output feedback. Two methods of designing an controller, which ensures that the resulting closed-loop system is asymptotically stable and meets a prescribed norm bound, are presented in terms of LMIs. Though based on the same matrix transformation, the two approaches are turned into different optimal problems. The first result is given by an -independent LMI, while the second result is related to . Furthermore, a stability upper bound of the singular perturbation parameter is obtained. The validity of the proposed two results is demonstrated by a numerical example.

1. Introduction

Singularly perturbed systems widely exist in industrial processes, such as aircraft and racket systems, power systems, and nuclear reactor systems. These kind of systems usually embrace complicated dynamic phenomena which are characterized by slow and fast modes with multiple time-scales. This property causes high dimensionality and ill-conditioning problems. In control theory, a parameter-related state-space model is frequently used to describe a singularly perturbed system. With important practical meaning, the stability bounds of the singular perturbation parameter have been extensively studied by many researchers. In early times, a traditional method of decomposing the original system into fast and slow subsystems was frequently used, see [1, 2]. In [3], a method to testify the stability of singularly perturbed systems without the fast-slow decomposition was established. The stability bound was proved to have close relationship with the system matrix, which contributes to analyse some robust control problems. Furthermore, two algorithms to compute and improve the stability bound were developed in [4]. More stability problems are discussed in [5–10] and the references therein.

In recent years, computer science is increasingly applied to industrial processes. Therefore, discrete-time singularly perturbed systems have attracted much attention. An control problem for uncertain discrete-time singularly perturbed systems via state feedback was studied in [11], where two methods of designing controllers were given in terms of LMIs. Fast sampling discrete-time singularly perturbed systems were taken into consideration in [12], and the obtained results were generalized to robust controller design. In [13], a new sufficient condition which guaranteed the existence of state feedback controllers and made the closed-loop system asymptotically stable while satisfying a prescribed norm requirement was proposed. This condition was also given in the form of LMIs but was proved to be less conservative than that in [11]. It will be more perfect if a theoretical proof was given. Interested readers can refer to [14–16] for more information of discrete-time singularly perturbed systems.

Though state feedback can achieve desired properties, it requires the availability of all state variables, which cannot be satisfied in most of the practical systems. On the other hand, dynamic output feedback usually increases the dimension of the original system. Therefore, static output feedback plays an important role in control theory considering that it is the simplest control technique in a closed-loop sense and can be easily realized with a cost not as high as that in state feedback case [17]. The primal point involved in static output feedback is the decoupling problem. A variety of approaches are developed to solve such issues. In [18], special inequality and some tuning scalars were used to transfer nonlinear matrix inequality to a linear one. A stabilizing state feedback controller gain and some matrix transformations were introduced to deal with the nonlinear inequalities in [19]. This method is effective and easy to implement. Thus, the same decoupling technique is adopted in this paper.

Based on those reasons and motivated by the above studies, we aim to design an controller via static output feedback to stabilize a discrete-time singularly perturbed system and guarantee that the transfer function of the resulting closed-loop system satisfies a prescribed norm bound.

The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 states the system description and some useful lemmas. In Section 3, two LMI-based methods are proposed to design a static output feedback controller for the system presented in Section 2. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results in Section 4. Finally, conclusions are given in Section 5.

The following notation will be adopted throughout this paper. denotes an identity matrix with appropriate dimension. denotes the transpose of matrix . denotes . For a symmetric block matrix, stands for the blocks induced by symmetry.

2. Problem Formulation

In this paper, we consider a class of linear fast sampling discrete-time singularly perturbed systems of the following form:

where , , , , , , is the state vector, in which , , and , is the control input, is the disturbance input which belongs to , is the measurement output, is the controlled output. The scalar denotes the singular perturbation parameter.

In the rest of this paper, we will assume that system (1) is completely controllable and observable. We will also assume that not all of its state variables are available. Therefore, the following static output feedback control law is taken into consideration:

then the resulting closed-loop system can be obtained as follows:

where

The problem studied in this paper can be described as follows: given a scalar and a discrete-time singularly perturbed system (1), design a static output feedback controller in the form of (2) such that the closed-loop system (3) is asymptotically stable and its transfer function from to ,

satisfies .

The following lemmas will be used in establishing our main results.

Lemma 1 (see [19]). Consider a discrete-time transfer function . The following statements are equivalent:

and are stable in the discrete-time sense ; there exists such that

 holds.

Lemma 2 (see [20]). The following two statements are equivalent.

Let , , and be given such that the LMI

 is feasible in and . Let , , and be given such that the following LMI

 holds.

Lemma 3 (see [20]). The following two statements are equivalent.

Let , , and be given such that the LMI

 is feasible in . Let , , and be given such that the LMIs

 hold.

3. Main Results

In this section, two LMI-based methods of designing a static output feedback controller are proposed to ensure asymptotical stability of a closed-loop discrete-time singularly perturbed system (3). The first result is given in the form of an -independent LMI, while the second result is presented by two LMIs which are related to the singular perturbation parameter . Furthermore, we can obtain the stability upper bound of .

Before giving the results, let be a stabilizing state feedback controller gain of the system (1). In other words, the matrix is chosen to make matrix stable. Then, we introduce the following transformations which will be used in the rest of this paper:

where

Theorem 4. For a discrete-time singularly perturbed system in the form of (1), given a stabilizing state feedback controller with gain , if there exist matrices , , and and matrices , , , , and, with appropriate dimensions, such that the following LMI holds:

where

then there exists a scalar such that for every , the system (3) is asymptotically stable, and its transfer function satisfies with the static output feedback controller in the form of (2) whose control gain is given by .

Proof. Based on Lemma 1, the closed-loop system (3) is asymptotically stable, and its transfer function satisfies if there exists a positive definite matrix such that the following LMI holds:

then for all , let

satisfy (15), and we have

where

Using the Schur complement to (17), we conclude that

where

Pre- and post-multiplying (19) by , we have

where

because is small enough, we can simplify (21) as in the following form:

To turn (23) into an LMI, we will use the same idea proposed in [17]. By substituting the transformation defined before, we get another form of (23):

where , , , and are given as before.

Applying Lemma 2 to (24), we get

It is obvious that (25) can be rewritten as follows:

Taking the expression of into account, we have

Using Lemma 3 to (27), we have

By letting , we can finally get (13). This completes the proof.

Both the static output feedback gain matrix and the minimum norm can be obtained by solving the following optimization problem:

where , , , subject to , , , and and the LMI in (13).

Note that the result in Theorem 4 is finally obtained by solving a -related optimal problem. While in the following part, a different approach of designing a static output feedback controller is given by solving an optimal problem in which is involved.

Theorem 5. Given a scalar and a stabilizing state feedback controller with gain , if there exist matrices , , , and , and matrices , , , , , , , , , , with appropriate dimensions, such that the following set of LMIs hold:

where

then for any singular perturbation parameter , by introducing a static output feedback controller in the form of (2), the closed-loop system (3) is asymptotically stable, and its transfer function satisfies with the controller gain .

Proof. According to Lemma 1, we know that the closed-loop system (3) is asymptotically stable, and its transfer function is less than if there exists a positive definite matrix such that the following LMI holds:

For every singular perturbation parameter , let

satisfy (31), and we get

Pre- and post-multiplying (33) by

and its transpose, respectively, then for every , we have

where

If there exists a positive definite matrix , satisfies

and for all ,

then we can easily conclude that

Applying the Schur complement to (39), we get

Taking (37) into consideration, we have (35).

To turn (37) and (40) into LMIs, we still adopt the same technique used in [17]. By introducing the transformations defined before, we can rewrite (37) and (40) into the following form:

Applying Lemma 2 to (41), we have

It is obvious that (42) and (43) can be rewritten as

where is given as before.

Taking Lemma 3 into account, we know that (43) and (44) are equivalent to

respectively.

From the above analysis, we learn that if there exists which satisfies both (46) and (47), then (29) can be finally concluded by considering the expression of . This completes the proof.

We can obtain the static output feedback controller gain matrix , as well as the stability upper bound of the singular perturbation parameter which we record as by solving the following optimal problem:

where , , , subject to , , , and and the LMIs in (29).

Remark 6. The result in Theorem 4 finally turns into , which is solved by optimizing , the minimum norm of the closed-loop system (3). While results in Theorem 5 are obtained by solving a different optimal problem , which optimizes the stability upper bound with a fixed performance index .

4. A Numerical Example

In this section, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

Example 7. Consider a discrete-time singularly perturbed system described by (1) with

First of all, by solving the optimal problem , we can get the introduced static output feedback controller gain

and the minimum norm of the closed-loop system

Then, referring to , we can solve the corresponding LMIs with . The obtained static output feedback controller gain is

while the stability upper bound of the singular perturbation parameter is

Remark 8. Though the performance of the closed-loop system is not as good as the state feedback case, static output feedback controller plays more important role in implemental sense with proper performance.

5. Conclusion

In this paper, control problems for fast sampling singularly perturbed systems via static output feedback have been discussed. Rather than adopting the traditional design method of decomposing the original system into fast and slow subsystems, two LMI-based sufficient conditions have been given to guarantee the existence of static output feedback controllers and the asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system with a transfer function whose norm is less than . With LMI toolbox in matlab platform, the obtained LMI results can be solved easily. The proposed methods simplify the controller design procedure.

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the National 973 Program of China (2012CB821202) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61174052, 90916003).

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