Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 975615, 8 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/975615

Research Article

Series Representations at Special Values of Generalized Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Function

S. Gaboury¹ and A. Bayad²

¹Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada, G7H 2B1

²Département de Mathématiques, Université d’Évry Val-d’Essonne, 23 Boulevard de France, 91037 Évry Cedex, France

Received 30 August 2013; Accepted 5 November 2013

Academic Editor: Junesang Choi

Copyright © 2013 S. Gaboury and A. Bayad. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

By making use of some explicit relationships between the Apostol-Bernoulli, Apostol-Euler, Apostol-Genocchi, and Apostol-Frobenius-Euler polynomials of higher order and the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function as well as a new expansion formula for the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function obtained recently by Gaboury and Bayad , in this paper we present some series representations for these polynomials at rational arguments. These results provide extensions of those obtained by Apostol (1951) and by Srivastava (2000).

1. Introduction

The generalized Hurwitz zeta function is defined by [1, page 88 et seq.]

where

yields the celebrated Riemann zeta function . The Riemann zeta function is continued meromorphically to the whole complex s-plane except for a simple pole at with residue 1.

The Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function is defined, as in [1, page 121 et seq.], by

Clearly, we have the following relations:

The Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function has the well-known integral representation

Recently, Lin and Srivastava [2] investigated a more general family of Hurwitz-Lerch zeta functions. Explicitly, they introduced the function defined by

where denotes the Pochhammer symbol defined, in terms of the Gamma function, by

It is easily seen that

The function is, in fact, a generalized Hurwith-Lerch zeta function investigated by Goyal and Laddha [3, page 100, ].

Let us recall some other important special cases of the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function . The Lerch zeta function defined by

is related to the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function by the following relation:

Also, we note, as a special case of the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta functions, the Lipschitz-Lerch zeta function [1, page 122, Equation ]:

Setting with and and using the next series identity

we obtain the following summation formula for the Lipschitz-Lerch zeta function :

in terms of the Hurwitz zeta function defined by (1) (see also [4, page 81, Equation ]).

Finally, we recall Lerch's functional equation [5, page 29, Equation ]:

which played a central role in obtaining expansion formulas.

The aim of this paper is to give some series representations of the Apostol-Bernoulli, Apostol-Euler, Apostol-Genocchi, and Apostol-Frobenius-Euler polynomials of higher order in terms of the generalized Hurwitz zeta function (1).

It is worthy to mention that throughout this work, the following convention is adopted for the binomial coefficient:

2. Expansion Formulas for and Fourier Series

Few years ago, in order to give extensions of the works of Apostol [6] and Srivastava [4], Lin et al. [7] obtained an expansion formula for the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function defined by (9) in terms of the Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function (3) by making use of the generalized Leibniz rule for fractional derivative [8, page 95, Equation ]. They proved the following expansion formula for the general Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function :

with , , , and where are the generalized Bernoulli numbers [9] given by the following generating function:

From this expansion formula, many authors found several interesting explicit formulas for the Apostol-Bernoulli, Apostol-Euler, and Apostol-Genocchi polynomials at rational arguments [10–12]. For instance, Garg et al. [10, page 814, Equation (54)] obtained the following explicit formula for the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials (which will be defined in Section 3):

More recently, Gaboury and Bayad [13] applied a new generalized Leibniz rule for the fractional derivatives obtained by one of the authors [14] to obtain a new expansion formula involving the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function . Explicitly, they proved the following theorem.

Theorem 1. The following expansion holds for :

More interestingly, setting

replacing by , and then applying definition (12) and the series identity (14), we obtain the following corollary.

Corollary 2. The following expansion holds true:

Remark 3. It is worthy to mention that (20) can be interpreted as the Fourier series expansion of with respect to the variable . Moreover, if we set in (20), then, for , and , we find an expansion theorem due to Erdélyi et al. and Wirtinger [5, 15], namely,

3. Generalized Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Function at Negative Integers

In this section, we recall the definitions of the Apostol-Bernoulli, Apostol-Euler, Apostol-Genocchi, and Apostol-Frobenius-Euler polynomials. Next, we give explicit relationships between these polynomials and the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function evaluated at negative integers.

Definition 4. The generalized Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials are defined, for , by the following generating function [16, 17]:

Definition 5. The generalized Apostol-Euler polynomials are defined, for and , by the following generating function [18]:

Definition 6. The generalized Apostol-Genocchi polynomials are defined, for , by the following generating function [17, 19]:

Definition 7. The generalized Apostol-Frobenius-Euler polynomials are defined, for and with and , by the following generating function [20]:

Setting and in each of these definitions gives, respectively, the Bernoulli, Euler, Genocchi and Frobenius-Euler polynomials which polynomials have been largely investigated in the literature.

Recently, Bayad and Chikhi [21] established the following relationship between the Apostol-Euler polynomials and the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function .

Theorem 8. Let be a complex number such that and . Let and be two complex numbers such that and ; then for all nonnegative integer , one has

From this last theorem, we can find the relationships between the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function and the polynomials defined by (24), (26), and (27). By simple manipulations of their generating functions, we can rewrite each polynomials in function of the Apostol-Euler polynomials. For instance, we have

and thus,

In a similar way, we can deduce the two next relationships between the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials and the Apostol-Euler polynomials and between the Apostol-Genocchi polynomials and the Apostol-Euler polynomials. Indeed, we have

Now, with the help of Theorem 8, we obtain the following relations between each type of polynomials and the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function at negative integers:

4. Explicit Representations for Several Polynomials at Rational Arguments

This section is devoted to the presentation of the new series representations for each type of polynomials defined in Section 3. These representations are obtained by suitably combining the new expansion formula (20) and identities (28) and (32)–(34).

Theorem 9. The following explicit representation holds for the Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials at rational argument:

Proof. Setting , with in the expansion formula (22) and with the help of the representation of Apostol-Bernoulli polynomials in terms of the generalized Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function (32), the result follows.

Theorem 10. The following explicit representation holds for the Apostol-Euler polynomials at rational argument:

Proof. Replacing by , by   , by , by in (20) and using the identity (28) yield the result.

Theorem 11. The following explicit representation holds for the Apostol-Genocchi polynomials at rational argument:

Proof. Substituting by , by and by in (20) gives

Putting , and with the help of the identity (33), the result follows.

Theorem 12. The following explicit representation holds for the Apostol-Frobenius-Euler polynomials at rational argument:

Proof. The result follows by setting   , , , in (20) and using the identity (34) with and .

It is worthy to note that setting in (35) gives

a result given by Srivastava [4, page 84, Equation ].

Moreover, if we replace by 1 in (36), we recover a result obtained by Luo [11, page 345, Equation ], namely,

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