Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 157498, 9 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/157498

Research Article

Strong Convergence of the Split-Step Theta Method for Stochastic Delay Differential Equations with Nonglobally Lipschitz Continuous Coefficients

Chao Yue and Chengming Huang

School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received 27 April 2014; Accepted 6 August 2014; Published 20 August 2014

Academic Editor: Jaeyoung Chung

Copyright © 2014 Chao Yue and Chengming Huang. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

This paper is concerned with the convergence analysis of numerical methods for stochastic delay differential equations. We consider the split-step theta method for nonlinear nonautonomous equations and prove the strong convergence of the numerical solution under a local Lipschitz condition and a coupled condition on the drift and diffusion coefficients. In particular, these conditions admit that the diffusion coefficient is highly nonlinear. Furthermore, the obtained results are supported by numerical experiments.

1. Introduction

Stochastic delay differential equations (SDDEs) play an important role in modeling some real-world phenomena in many scientific areas, such as economics [1], biology [2, 3], and medicine [4, 5]. However, many SDDEs arising in applications cannot be solved analytically; hence one needs to develop effective numerical methods to solve them.

In recent years, the numerical solution of SDDEs has attracted much attention and a number of numerical methods have been constructed (see, e.g., [6–8]). An important topic in this context is the investigation of the convergence of numerical methods and a number of interesting results have been found (see, e.g., [9–13]). In the analysis of strong convergence, a widely used assumption is that the drift and diffusion coefficients satisfy global Lipschitz and linear growth conditions [9–11]. In order to weaken this assumption, Mao and Sabanis [14] proved strong convergence of Euler-Maruyama type methods with local Lipschitz conditions and the bounded th moments () for solving SDDEs. Wang and Gan [12] showed that the improved split-step backward Euler method is convergent in the mean square sense under the condition that the diffusion coefficient is globally Lipschitz, and the drift coefficient satisfies a one-sided Lipschitz condition in the nondelay variable and a global Lipschitz condition in the delay variable . Bao and Yuan [15] proved the convergence rate of the Euler-Maruyama (EM) scheme for a class of SDDEs, where the corresponding coefficients may be highly nonlinear with respect to the delay variables. The strong convergence was also studied in [16, 17]. Nevertheless, all the above results are derived for SDDEs of which the diffusion coefficient with respect to the nondelay variables satisfies a linear growth or global Lipschitz condition. For example, they cannot be applied to some highly nonlinear problems such as

In this paper, we study the strong convergence of the split-step theta method [8] under a local Lipschitz condition and a coupled condition on the drift and diffusion coefficients. These conditions admit that the diffusion coefficient with respect to the nondelay variables is highly nonlinear; that is, it does not necessarily satisfy a linear growth or global Lipschitz condition.

The structure of this paper is organized as follows. First, the existence of a unique solution of SDDEs under weaker conditions is recalled in Section 2. Then, some moment properties of the split-step theta method (3) are investigated in Section 3, while its strong convergence is derived in Section 4. Finally, some numerical results to support our theorems are presented.

2. Existence and Uniqueness of Solution

Throughout this paper, we denote both the Euclidean vector norm and the Frobenius matrix norm by and the complete probability space by . is increasing and continuous, and contains all -null sets. Let and . In this paper, we consider the numerical solution of the SDDEs in Itô’s sense:

where and is -measurable, -valued random variable satisfying . Here denotes a standard -dimensional Brownian motion defined on the probability space.

Let be a time stepsize satisfying with a positive integer . Then the split-step theta method (SST) introduced in [8] for problem (2) reads

where , is an approximation to , is a fixed parameter, , and for . For the given stepsize , let be the greatest integer satisfying . For simplicity, we directly assume in the following.

Huang [8] studied the exponential mean square stability of the SST method (3) under the following condition:

where is a real symmetric, positive definite matrix. It is proved that when and , SST method (3) is exponentially mean square stable for all positive stepsizes. In this paper, we further study its strong convergence property under weaker conditions.

To ensure the existence of a unique solution on to SDDEs (2), we introduce the following assumption.

Assumption 1. The functions and in (2) are continuous in , , and and satisfy the nonglobal Lipschitz condition. More precisely, there exist positive constants , , , and such that

where , , and .

From Theorem  1.2 in [18], it follows that for any given initial value there exists a unique solution to SDDEs (2).

Now, we state the following lemma which will play an important role in proving the strong convergence of the SST method (3).

Lemma 2. Under Assumption 1, the solution of the SDDEs (2) on has the properties that

where

Proof. Let . Then by using Itô formula, we infer that

According to Assumption 1 and taking mathematical expectation on both sides of (10), we have

Using the Gronwall inequality yields

Applying Fatou’s lemma to (12), we obtain

The proof is completed.

3. Moment Properties of SST

Before proving the strong convergence of the SST method (3), it is necessary to show that the SST method (3) has a unique solution. So we introduce the following assumption and lemma.

Assumption 3. There exists a positive constant , such that

for and .

From [19] we easily obtain that the SST method (3) has a unique solution under . We now show that, under Assumptions 1 and 3, the nd moment of numerical solution and is bounded.

Lemma 4. Assume that and in (2) satisfy Assumptions 1 and 3; then for and , the following moment bounds hold:

where is a positive constant independent of .

Proof. First, by Lemma 2, we know that is bounded. Denoting

and then inserting (17) into (3), we have

where ,,. By recursive calculation, we obtain

Noting that , is independent of ; we have and . Hence, taking the mathematical expectation on both sides of (19) and then substituting (6) into (19) lead us to

Next, using and regrouping (20), we have

where . By virtue of recursive calculation from to , we know that is bounded. Applying the discrete Gronwall’s inequality, we have

Therefore, there exists a positive constant , such that

By using (3), (20), and (23), we infer

Hence, by using Lemma 2, (23), and (24), there exists a positive constant which is independent of , such that

The proof is completed.

4. Strong Convergence

In this paper, it is convenient to use continuous-time approximation solution. First, we denote

and is the largest integer of . Then, we define continuous version of in (3) as follows:

where . For convenience, rewriting (27) in integral form

where , , and for . From (27) and (28), we easily verified that .

Assumption 5. There exist a positive constant and a positive integer , such that

for and .

We now establish the following lemma, which will play a key role in proving the convergence of the SST method (3).

Lemma 6. Let Assumptions 1 and 3 hold. Then, for any given , there exists a positive integer such that for every , we can find a so that whenever ,

where .

Proof. Let and . Then, by Itô formula, we derive

Applying Assumption 1 and taking the mathematical expectation on both sides of (31) lead us to

By using Lemma 4 and the Hölder inequality we have

Next, we will bound the first term on the right-hand side of (33). According to Assumption 1 and Lemma 4, for , we have

and then there exists a positive constant , such that

where depends on , , , and . For , using (27), (35), and Lemma 4, we obtain that

where is a positive constant which depends on . Substituting (35) and (37) into (33), we have

Now, for any given , we choose such that for any

Then, we can choose , such that for any

Therefore .

We are now ready to prove the strong convergence of the SST method (3).

Theorem 7. Under Assumptions 1, 3, and 5, the continuous-time approximate solution with and will converge to the true solution of SDDEs (2); that is,

Proof. We divided our proof into three steps for readability. First, we define and . By applying Young’s inequality (, ), we obtain that for

Second, to bound the first term on the right-hand side of (43), it is enough to show that is bounded due to the Lyapunov inequality. By using Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality, we obtain

Furthermore, using Assumption 5, Lemma 4, Assumption 1, and (37), we get

where is a positive constant dependent of . Similarly, we have

By substituting (45) and (46) into (44), we obtain

Applying the Gronwall inequality and the Lyapunov inequality leads us to

and then

Finally, combining (49) and (43), we have

For any given , by Lemmas 2 and 4, we can choose such that

Now, by (8) and (39), there exists such that for

Furthermore, by Lemma 6, we choose sufficiently small such that

The proof is completed.

5. Numerical Results

In this section we consider the following numerical experiments that confirm the conclusions obtained in the previous sections.

For the first example, we consider the nonautonomous SDDEs

with initial value , .

For the second example, we consider the SDDEs [8]

with initial value , .

It is easy to show that SDDEs (54) and (55) satisfy Assumptions 1, 3, and 5. Following the idea of [20] and denoting by the numerical approximation to at end point in the th simulation of all simulations, we approximate means of absolute errors at terminal time by

It is difficult to obtain the analytic form of the exact solution to SDDEs (54) and (55). Recall that Theorem 7 guarantees that the SST method (3) strongly converges to the exact solution. Therefore, it is reasonable to identify numerical solution obtained by the SST method (3) () using the very small stepsize as the “exact” solution. With the “exact” solution at hand, we can follow to obtain numerical solution by the SST method (3) using different stepsizes , , , , on the same discretized path. We generate different discretized Brownian paths over and apply the formula (56) to obtain the absolute errors. Errors at for the SST method (3) solving SDDEs (54) and (55) with different stepsizes are listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. In Figure 1, we plot the means of absolute errors against on a log-log scale.

Table 1: The means of absolute errors with of SST (3) for solving SDDE (54).

0.0105521
0.0066357
0.0041003
0.0025833
0.0017500

0.0096784
0.0059020
0.0037484
0.0024271
0.0017922

0.0091289
0.0056502
0.0037745
0.0025027
0.0017006

Table 2: The means of absolute errors with of SST (3) for solving SDDE (55).

0.0056293
0.0037120
0.0024775
0.0017213
0.0011661

0.0059738
0.0038085
0.0025652
0.0017131
0.0012165

0.0062445
0.0038978
0.0025618
0.0017181
0.0011714

(a)

(b)

Figure 1: with versus for SST method (3) solving SDDEs (54) (a) and SDDEs (55) (b).

From Figure 1 and Tables 1 and 2, we observe that errors of numerical approximations decrease as the stepsize decreases. This is in accordance with our convergence results in the preceding section.

6. Conclusion

In this work, we carried out a strong convergence analysis on the SST method for SDDEs under a local Lipschitz condition and a coupled condition on the drift and diffusion coefficients. Different from most of the existing convergence results for SDDEs, our results can be applied to equations of which the diffusion coefficient with respect to the nondelay variables is highly nonlinear. Both theoretical analysis and numerical tests show that the SST method is efficient for the numerical solution of SDDEs.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the referees and the editors for their valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by NSF of China (nos. 91130003 and 11371157) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (no. 2013TS137).

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