Abstract and Applied Analysis

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 621857, 5 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/621857

Research Article

Riemann-Liouville and Higher Dimensional Hardy Operators for NonNegative Decreasing Function in Spaces

Muhammad Sarwar,¹ Ghulam Murtaza,² and Irshaad Ahmed²

¹Department of Mathematics, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Lower Dir 18800, Pakistan

²Department of Mathematics, GC University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan

Received 23 May 2014; Accepted 6 August 2014; Published 26 August 2014

Academic Editor: Norio Yoshida

Copyright © 2014 Muhammad Sarwar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

One-weight inequalities with general weights for Riemann-Liouville transform and -dimensional fractional integral operator in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces defined on are investigated. In particular, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions governing one-weight inequalities for these operators on the cone of nonnegative decreasing functions in spaces.

1. Introduction

We derive necessary and sufficient conditions governing the one-weight inequality for the Riemann-Liouville operator

and -dimensional fractional integral operator

on the cone of nonnegative decreasing function in spaces.

In the last two decades a considerable interest of researchers was attracted to the investigation of the mapping properties of integral operators in so-called Nakano spaces (see, e.g., the monographs [1, 2] and references therein). Mathematical problems related to these spaces arise in applications to mechanics of the continuum medium. For example, Ružicka [3] studied the problems in the so-called rheological and electrorheological fluids, which lead to spaces with variable exponent.

Weighted estimates for the Hardy transform

in spaces were derived in the papers [4] for power-type weights and in [5–9] for general weights. The Hardy inequality for nonnegative decreasing functions was studied in [10, 11]. Furthermore Hardy type inequality was studied in [12, 13] by Rafeiro and Samko in Lebesgue spaces with variable exponent.

Weighted problems for the Riemann-Liouville transform in spaces were explored in the papers [5, 14–16] (see also the monograph [17]).

Historically, one and two weight Hardy inequalities on the cone of nonnegative decreasing functions defined on in the classical Lebesgue spaces were characterized by Arino and Muckenhoupt [18] and Sawyer [19], respectively.

It should be emphasized that the operator is the weighted truncated potential. The trace inequity for this operator in the classical Lebesgue spaces was established by Sawyer [20] (see also the monograph [21], Ch.6 for related topics).

In general, the modular inequality

for the Hardy operator is not valid (see [22], Corollary 2.3, for details). Namely, the following fact holds: if there exists a positive constant such that inequality is true for all , where ; ; ; and are nonnegative measurable functions, then there exists such that for almost every ; for almost every , and and take the same constant values a.e. for and .

To get the main result we use the following pointwise inequalities:

for nonnegative decreasing functions, where , , , and are constants and are independent of , , and , and

In the sequel by the symbol we mean that there are positive constants and such that . Constants in inequalities will be mainly denoted by or ; the symbol means the interval .

2. Preliminaries

We say that a radial function is decreasing if there is a decreasing function such that , . We will denote again by . Let be a measurable function, satisfying the conditions , .

Given such that and a nonnegative measurable function (weight) in , let us define the following local oscillation of :

where is the ball with center 0 and radius .

We observe that is nondecreasing and positive function such that

where and denote the essential infimum and supremum of on the support of , respectively.

By the similar manner (see [10]) the function is defined for an exponent and weight on :

Let be the class of nonnegative decreasing functions on and let be the class of all nonnegative radially decreasing functions on . Suppose that is measurable a.e. positive function (weight) on . We denote by the class of all nonnegative functions on for which

For essential properties of spaces we refer to the papers [23, 24] and the monographs [1, 2].

Under the symbol we mean the class of nonnegative decreasing functions on from .

Now we list the well-known results regarding one-weight inequality for the operator . For the following statement we refer to [18].

Theorem A. Let be constant such that . Then the inequity

for a weight holds, if and only if there exists a positive constant such that for all

Condition (11) is called condition and was introduced in [18].

Theorem B (see [10]). Let be a weight on and such that , and assume that . The following facts are equivalent:

(a)there exists a positive constant such that, for any ,

(b)for any ,

(c) a.e. and .

Proposition 1. For the operators , and , the following relations hold:

(a)

(b)

Proof. (a) Upper estimate: represent as follows:

Observe that if , then . Hence

where the positive constant does not depend on and . Using the fact that is decreasing we find that

Lower estimate follows immediately by using the fact that is nonnegative and the obvious estimate and .

(b) Upper estimate: let us represent the operator as follows:

Since for we have that

Taking into account the fact that is radially decreasing on we find that there is a decreasing function such that

Let . Then we have

It is easy to see that

while using the fact that we find that

Finally we conclude that

Lower estimate follows immediately by using the fact that is nonnegative and the obvious estimate , where .

We will also need the following statement.

Lemma 2. Let be a constant such that . Then the inequality

holds, if and only if there exists a positive constant C such that, for all ,

Proof. We will see that inequality (26) is equivalent to the inequality

where , , and .

Indeed, using polar coordinates in we have

Conversely taking the test function , , in modular inequality (26), one can easily obtain inequality (27).

3. The Main Results

To formulate the main results we need to prove the following proposition.

Proposition 3. Let be a weight on and such that , and assume that . The following statements are equivalent:

(a)there exists a positive constant such that, for any ,

(b)for any ,

(c) a.e. and .

Proof. We use the arguments of [10]. To show that (a) implies (b) it is enough to test the modular inequality (30) for the function , . Indeed, it can be checked that

Further, we find that

Therefore

To obtain (c) from (b) we are going to prove that condition (b) implies that is a constant function; namely, for all . This fact and the hypothesis on imply that , and hence, due to (7),

Finally (31) means that . Let us suppose that is not constant. Then one of the following conditions holds:

(i)there exists such that

and, hence, there exists such that

or(ii)there exists such that

and then, for some ,

In case (i) we observe that condition (b), for , implies that

Then using (36) we obtain, for ,

which is clearly a contradiction if we let . Similarly in case (ii) let us consider the same condition (b), for , and fix now . Taking into account (38) we find that

which is a contradiction if we let .

Finally, the fact that condition (c) implies (a) follows from [18,Theorem 1.7].

Theorem 4. Let be a weight on and such that . Assume that . The following facts are equivalent:

(i)there exists a positive constant such that, for any ,

(ii)condition (13) holds;(iii)condition of Theorem B is satisfied.

Proof. Proof follows by using Theorem B and Proposition 1(a).

Theorem 5. Let be a weight on and such that , and assume that . The following facts are equivalent:

(i)there exists a positive constant such that, for any ,

(ii)condition (31) holds;(iii)condition (c) of Proposition 3 holds.

Proof. Proof follows by using Propositions 3 and 1(b).

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Professor A. Meskhi for drawing their attention to the problem studied in this paper and helpful remarks. The authors are also grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewer for their careful review, valuable comments, and remarks to improve this paper.

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