Kerr-Taub-NUT General Frame , Energy , and Momentum in Teleparallel Equivalent of General Relativity

A new exact solution describing a general stationary and axisymmetric object of the gravitational field in the framework of teleparallel equivalent of general relativity TEGR is derived. The solution is characterized by three parameters “the gravitational mass M, the rotation a, and the NUT L.” The vierbein field is axially symmetric, and the associated metric gives the Kerr-TaubNUT spacetime. Calculation of the total energy using two different methods, the gravitational


Introduction
One of the generalizations of Kerr solution in general relativity GR is done by introducing an extra parameter, the so-called gravitomagnetic monopole moment or magnetic mass.The resulting solution describes the spacetime of a localized stationary and axisymmetric object known as the Kerr-Taub-NUT Newman-Unti-Tamburino solution of the vacuum Einstein field equations 1 .This solution belongs to a general class of metrics that admits separability of variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi equations and contains three physical parameters: the gravitational mass M gravitoelectric charge , the magnetic mass L NUT charge , and the rotation parameter a.The presence of the NUT charge in the spacetime destroys its asymptotic structure making it asymptotically nonflat.

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Attempts at identifying an energy momentum density for gravity has led to various energy momentum complexes which are pseudotensors 2 .Pseudotensors are not covariant objects that is, they essentially depend on the reference frame and thus cannot provide a true physical local gravitational energy momentum density.Hence, the pseudotensor approach has been largely abandoned cf., 3, 4 .Teleparallel theories are interesting for several reasons: first of all, GR can be viewed as a particular theory of teleparallelism, and, thus, teleparallelism could be considered, at the very least, as a different point of view that can lead to the same results 5 .Second, in this framework, one can define an energy momentum complex for the gravitational field that is a true tensor under general coordinate transformations, but not under local Lorentz transformation.This is the reason why teleparallelism was reconsidered by Møller when he was studying the problem of defining an energy momentum tensor for the gravitational field 6, 7 .The idea was taken over by Pellegrini and Pleba ński that constructed the general Lagrangian for these theories 8 .The third reason why these theories are interesting is that they can be seen as gauge theories of the translation group not the full Poincaré group , and, thus, they give an alternative interpretation of GR 9-16 .
A well-posed and mathematically consistence expression for the gravitational energy has been developed 17 .It arises in the realm of the Hamiltonian formulation of the TEGR 17 and meets several crucial requirements for any acceptable definition of gravitational energy.The gravitational energy momentum P a obtained in the framework of the TEGR has been investigated in the context of several distinct configurations of the gravitational filed.For asymptotically flat spacetimes, P 0 yields the ADM energy 18 .
The objective of the present work is to derive a new exact general axially symmetric solution in TEGR for the gravitational field and then to calculate the total energy using two different methods, the gravitational energy momentum that is coordinate independent and the other is the Riemannian connection 1-form Γ α β .In Section 2, the derivation of the field equations of the gravitational field is briefly reviewed.A summary of the derivation of energy and angular momentum using the Hamiltonian formulation is presented in Section 2. In Section 3, the general tetrad field with sixteen unknown functions of r and φ is applied to the field equations.Solving the resulting partial differential equations, a new exact analytic solution is derived, that is, new solution within the context of TEGR.In Section 4, calculation of the energy and spatial momentum using the definitions provided in Section 2 is achieved.In Section 5, the language of forms is employed and a brief review of the field equations and the superpotential used in the calculations of energy and spatial momentum are presented.
Using the Riemannian connection 1-form, calculation of energy and momentum is provided.The last section is devoted to discussion.

The TEGR for Gravitation
In a spacetime with absolute parallelism, the parallel vector field h a μ identifies the nonsymmetric affine connection Lagrangian density of the gravitational field in the TEGR, in the presence of matter fields, is given by 17 throughout this paper, we use the relativistic units, c G 1 and κ 8π : where g det g μν .The tensor Σ abc is defined by T abc and T a are the torsion tensor and the basic vector field defined by The quadratic combination Σ abc T abc is proportional to the scalar curvature R, except for a total divergence term 19 .L m represents the Lagrangian density for matter fields.The gravitational field equations for the system described by L G are the following: where δL m δh aμ ≡ −gT aμ .

2.8
It is possible to prove by explicit calculations that the left-hand side of the symmetric part of the field equations 2.7 is exactly given by 17 2.9 The axial-vector part of the torsion tensor A μ is defined by The definition of the gravitational energy momentum P a four-vector has the form 17 where V is an arbitrary volume of the three-dimensional space.In the configuration space, we have where t λμ 1 2κ 4Σ bcλ T bc μ − g λμ Σ bcd T bcd .

2.12
Maluf and Ulhoa 20 defined as the 4-angular momentum of the gravitational field for an arbitrary volume V of the threedimensional space.

Exact Analytic Solution
Let us begin with the general tetrad field which can be written in the polar coordinates as

3.1
where A i r, φ , B i r, φ , C i r, φ , and D i r, φ , i 1, . . ., 4, are unknown functions of r and φ.Applying 3.1 to the field equations 2.7 , we get a set of nonlinear partial differential equations.These calculations have been checked using Maple software 13.Due to the lengthy of writing the output partial differential equations, we will write only the solution that satisfies such differential equations.Here, we list the boundary conditions used to derive the solution.The parallel vector field should have the expression where M and L are free parameters, l μ and m μ are quantities satisfying the conditions l k and m k are defined by The solution satisfying the above condition is found to have the following form.

The Exact Solution
If the arbitrary functions take the following values: where Ω, Υ, L 1 , α, β, r 1 , and χ are defined by

3.6
M, a, and L are the gravitational mass, the angular momentum of the rotating source, and the NUT parameter 1, 21 .The parallel vector field 3.1 , using solution 3.5 , is axially symmetric in the sense that it is form invariant under the transformations

3.7
Advances in High Energy Physics Solution 3.5 satisfies the field equations 2.7 , and the associated metric has the following form: which is the Kerr-Taub-NUT black hole in the Boyer-Lindquist coordinate 22, 23 .
The earlier obtained solutions Schwarzschild spacetime could be generated as special solutions of the tetrad 3.1 using 3.5 by putting L 0, a 0, and kerr spacetime can be obtained when L 0 21, 23 .

Energy Associated with the Axially Symmetric Solution
Now, we are going to calculate the energy content of the tetrad field 3.1 using 3.5 .The nonvanishing components of the tensor Σ abc needed to the calculation of energy have the form
The nonvanishing components needed to calculate the spatial momentum have the form terms like M 2 , L 3 , L 3 M, M 2 a, . .., etc. are neglected in this calculations Using 4.3 in 2.11 , we finally get the spatial momentum in the form by same method P 2 0, P 3 ∼ 1 r .

4.4
The nonvanishing components of the angular-momentum are given by Using 4.5 in 2.13 , we get which is a consistent result.By the same method, we finally obtain We show by explicit calculation that the energy momentum tensor which is a coordinate independent does not give a consistent result of the angular momentum when applied to the tetrad field given by 3.1 !The same problem appeared in 24 , equation 44 when calculation of angular momentum of the BTZ black hole has been implemented.We may claim that the unusual result of the angular momentum is related to the use of expression 2.13 .May be possible solution to this problem is to use other definition or to calculate the total conserved quantities of solution 3.5 .This will be our forthcoming research work.

Notation
We use the Latin indices i, j, . .., for local holonomic spacetime coordinates and the Greek indices α, β, . .., label co frame components.Particular frame components are denoted by hats, 0, 1, and so forth.As usual, the exterior product is denoted by ∧, while the interior product of a vector ξ and a p-form Ψ is denoted by ξ Ψ.The vector basis dual to the frame 1-forms ϑ α is denoted by e α , and they satisfy e α ϑ β δ α β .Using local coordinates x i , we have ϑ α h α i dx i and e α h i α ∂ i where h α i and h i α are the covariant and contravariant components of the tetrad field.We define the volume 4-form by η def.ϑ 0 ∧ ϑ 1 ∧ ϑ 2 ∧ ϑ 3 .Furthermore, with the help of the interior product, we define where αβγδ is completely antisymmetric tensor with 0123 1 which are bases for 3-, 2-, and 1-forms, respectively.Finally, η αβμν def.e ν η αβμ e ν e μ e β e α η 5.3 is the Levi-Civita tensor density.The η-forms satisfy the useful identities: The line element ds 2 def.g αβ ϑ α ϑ β is defined by the spacetime metric g αβ .Teleparallel geometry can be viewed as a gauge theory of translation 10-16, 25-28 .In this geometry, the coframe ϑ α plays the role of the gauge translational potential of the gravitational field.GR can be reformulated as the teleparallel theory.Geometrically, teleparallel gravity can be considered as a special case of the metric-affine gravity in which the coframe 1-form ϑ α and the local Lorentz connection are subject to the distant parallelism constraint R α β 0 29-38 .In this geometry, the torsion 2-form arises as the gravitational gauge field strength, Γ α β being the Weitzenb öck connection 1-form, d is the total derivative, and D is the covariant derivative.The torsion T α can be decomposed into three irreducible pieces: the tensor part, the trace, and the axial trace, given, respectively, by 9, 11-16 , for example, where T e β T β , e α T T μα μ , vectors of trace of torsion, 3 T α def. 1 3 e α P, with P ϑ β ∧ T β , e α P T μνλ η μνλα , axial of trace of torsion.

5.6
The Lagrangian of the teleparallel equivalent using the language of forms has the form κ 8πG/c 3 , G is the Newtonian constant, c is the speed of light, and * denotes the Hodge duality in the metric g αβ which is assumed to be flat Minkowski metric g αβ O αβ diag 1, −1, −1, −1 , that is used to raise and lower local frame Greek indices.
The variation of the total action with respect to the coframe gives the field equations in the from 9 is the canonical energy momentum current 3-form of matter which is considered as the source.In accordance with the general Lagrange-Noether scheme 10, 25 , one derives from 5.7 the translational momentum 2-form and the canonical energy momentum 3-form: ∂V ∂ϑ α e α V e α T β ∧ H β .

5.9
Due to geometric identities 39 , the Lagrangian 5.7 can be recast as

5.10
The presence of the connection field Γ α β plays an important regularizing role due to the following 40 .

First
The theory becomes explicitly covariant under the local Lorentz transformations of the coframe, that is, the Lagrangian 5.7 is invariant under the change of variables

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Due to the noncovariant transformation law of Γ α β as shown by 5.11 , if a connection vanishes in a given frame, it will not vanish in any other frame related to the first by a local Lorentz transformation.

Second
Γ α β plays an important role in the teleparallel framework.This role represents the inertial effects which arise from the choice of the reference system 9 .The contributions of this inertial in many cases lead to unphysical results for the total energy of the system.Therefore, the role of the teleparallel connection is to separate the inertial contribution from the truly gravitational one.Since the teleparallel curvature is zero, the connection is pure gauge, that is

5.12
The Weitzenb öck connection always has the form 5.12 .The translational momentum has the form 9 with Γ α β is the purely Riemannian connection and K μν is the contorsion 1-form which is related to the torsion through the relation

5.14
Using the spherical local coordinates t, r, θ, φ , the Kerr-Taub-NUT, using 3.1 , frame is described by the coframe components:

5.16
Using 5.16 to compute the total energy at a fixed time in the 3-space with a spatial boundary 2-dimensional surface ∂S {r R, θ, φ}, we obtain which is identical with 4.2 .
Turn our attention to the spatial momentum, we get the following nonvanishing components H α , α 1, 2, 3,

5.18
Using 5.18 in 5.13 , we finally get the spatial momentum in the form

Main Results and Discussion
In this paper, the equations of the gravitational field in the TEGR are considered, applying the most general tetrad 3.1 with sixteen unknown function of r and φ to the field equations 2.7 .Exact analytic new solution is obtained satisfying 3.2 .This solution is a general one from which other solutions can be generated Schwarzschild and Kerr spacetimes by appropriate choice of the arbitrary functions of the tetrad equation 3.1 using 3.5 , that is, putting L 0, a 0, and kerr spacetime can be obtained when L 0 21, 23 .The tetrad field is axially symmetric as shown in 3.7 .By using the definition of the torsion tensor provided by 2.5 and appling it to the tetrad field 3.1 , using 3.5 , one can show that the torsion of flat spacetime is vanishing identically.Therefore, the gravitational energy momentum given by 2.11 is employed.Use of 2.11 is not limited to Cartesian coordinate.Accordingly, 2.11 is applied to the tetrad field 3.1 , using 3.5 , and the energy content 4.2 is derived.Equation 4.2 indicates clearly that the energy content is shared by the gravitational mass M and the NUT parameter L of the Kerr-Taub-NUT black hole.This result is agreed with what has been obtained before 22, 23 .Setting the NUT parameter L equal zero, expression 4.2 gives the energy of the Kerr black hole 23 .With the assistance of gravitational energy momentum, calculation of the spatial momentum has been accomplished and results are consistent 18 .Calculations of the angular momentum components are achieved using definition 2.13 .The calculations using this definition are not agreed with the previous one, since all the components are vanishing 41 !
To use another definition to calculate energy and angular momentum of tetrad 3.1 , the language of forms is employed and the Riemannian connection, that is, Γ α β , is presented.
The formulas of energies as shown by 4.2 and 5.17 indicate that the two methods, the energy momentum tensor and the translational momentum 2-form H α , gave the same value of energy and spatial momentum.Consistence of the results of two methods is due to the following.
i Within the context of tetrad theories of gravity, asymptotically flat spacetimes may be featured by the asymptotic boundary condition e aμ ∼ η aμ 1 2 h aμ 1 r 6.1 and by the condition ∂ μ e a μ O 1/r 2 in the asymptotic limit r → ∞.It is obvious that the tetrad field 3.1 using 3.5 satisfied this condition.
ii Components of torsion related to solution 3.5 are vanishing when the physical quantities are set equal to zero, that is, M, a, L. This is a prerequisite to get eligible results 17 .
iii When the coframe ϑ α , taken as the only field variable in the formulation of purely tetrad and in order to obtain physical results, one should select a tetrad field that meets certain conditions.
a The asymptotic behavior of Riemannian connection Γ β α must behave like O 1/r 9 .
b When the physical quantities, that is, M, a, L, are set equal to zero then Riemannian connection is vanishing, that is, Γ β α M,a,L 0 → 0. iv Definition 2.13 , related to the calculation of angular momentum, does not seem working properly for the Kerr-NUT spacetime.This problem needs an extensive study, and this will be our future work.
Advances in High Energy Physics with γ νρσO ab h aν h bρ;σ being the contorsion tensor and δ μνρσ is completely antisymmetric and normalized as δ 0123 −1.