Exact Solutions of the Space Time Fractional Symmetric Regularized Long Wave Equation Using Different Methods

We apply the functional variable method, exp-function method, and (G/G)-expansion method to establish the exact solutions of the nonlinear fractional partial differential equation (NLFPDE) in the sense of the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. As a result, some new exact solutions for them are obtained. The results show that these methods are very effective and powerful mathematical tools for solving nonlinear fractional equations arising in mathematical physics. As a result, these methods can also be applied to other nonlinear fractional differential equations.


Introduction
Fractional calculus is a field of mathematics that grows out of the traditional definitions of calculus.Fractional calculus has gained importance during the last decades mainly due to its applications in various areas of physics, biology, mathematics, and engineering.Some of the current application fields of fractional calculus include fluid flow, dynamical process in self-similar and porous structures, electrical networks, probability and statistics, control theory of dynamical systems, systems identification, acoustics, viscoelasticity, control theory, electrochemistry of corrosion, chemical physics, finance, optics, and signal processing [1][2][3].
The paper suggests the functional variable method, the exp-function method, the (  /)-expansion method, and fractional complex transform to find the exact solutions of nonlinear fractional partial differential equation with the modified Riemann-Liouville derivative.
This paper is organized as follows.In Section 2, basic definitions of Jumarie's Riemann-Liouville derivative are given; in Section 3, description of the methods for FDEs is given.Then, in Section 4, these methods have been applied to establish exact solutions for the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation.Conclusion is given in Section 5.

Jumarie's Modified Riemann-Liouville Derivative
Recently, a new modified Riemann-Liouville derivative is proposed by Jumarie [27,28].This new definition of fractional derivative has two main advantages: firstly, comparing 2 Advances in Mathematical Physics with the Caputo derivative, the function to be differentiated is not necessarily differentiable; secondly, different from the Riemann-Liouville derivative, Jumarie's modified Riemann-Liouville derivative of a constant is defined to be zero.Jumarie's modified Riemann-Liouville derivative of order  is defined by where  :  → ,  → () denotes a continuous (but not necessarily first-order-differentiable) function.Some useful formulas and results of Jumarie's modified Riemann-Liouville derivative can be found in [28,29] which are direct consequences of the equality In the above formulas (3)-( 5), () is nondifferentiable function in (3) and (4) and differentiable in (5).The function V() is nondifferentiable, and () is differentiable in (4) and nondifferentiable in (5).Because of these, the formulas (3)-( 5) should be used carefully.The above equations play an important role in fractional calculus in Sections 3 and 4.

Description of the Methods for FDEs
We consider the following general nonlinear FDEs of the type where  is an unknown function. is a polynomial of  and its partial fractional derivatives, in which the highest order derivatives and the nonlinear terms are involved.The fractional complex transform [30][31][32] is the simplest approach to convert the fractional differential equations into ordinary differential equations.This makes the solution procedure extremely simple.The traveling wave variable is where where , , and  are nonzero arbitrary constants.We can rewrite (7) in the following nonlinear ODE: where the prime denotes the derivation with respect to .Now we consider three different methods.

Basic Idea of Functional Variable
Method.The features of this method are presented in [33].We describe functional variable method to find exact solutions of nonlinear spacetime fractional differential equations as follows.
Let us make a transformation in which the unknown function  is considered as a functional variable in the form and some successive derivatives of  are . . .(12) where "  " stands for /.The ODE (10) can be reduced in terms of , , and its derivatives by using the expressions of ( 12) into (10) as  (, ,   ,   ,   ,  (4) , . ..) = 0.
The key idea of this particular form ( 13) is of special interest since it admits analytical solutions for a large class of nonlinear wave type equations.Integrating (13) gives the expression of .This and (11) give the appropriate solutions to the original problem.

Basic Idea of Exp-Function Method.
According to expfunction method, developed by He and Abdou [34], we assume that the wave solution can be expressed in the following form: where , , , and  are positive integers which are known to be further determined and   and   are unknown constants.We can rewrite (14) in the following equivalent form: This equivalent formulation plays an important and fundamental part in finding the analytic solution of problems.To determine the value of  and , we balance the linear term of highest order of (10) with the highest order nonlinear term.Similarly, to determine the value of  and , we balance the linear term of lowest order of (10) with lowest order nonlinear term [35][36][37][38][39][40].
3.3.Basic Idea of (  /)-Expansion Method.According to (  /)-expansion method, developed by Wang et al. [41], the solution of ( 10) can be expressed by a polynomial in (  /) as where   ( = 0, 1, 2, . . ., ) are constants, while () satisfies the following second-order linear ordinary differential equation: where  and  are constants.The positive integer  can be determined by considering the homogeneous balance between the highest order derivatives and the nonlinear terms appearing in (10).By substituting ( 16) into (10) and using (17) we collect all terms with the same order of (  /).

Exact Solutions of Space-Time Fractional Symmetric Regularized Long Wave (SRLW) Equation
We consider the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation [44] which arises in several physical applications including ion sound waves in plasma.For  = 1, it is shown that this equation describes weakly nonlinear ion acoustic and space-charge waves, and the real-valued (, ) corresponds to the dimensionless fluid velocity with a decay condition [45].

Exact Solutions by Functional Variable
Method.Integrating (21) twice and setting the constants of integration to be zero, we obtain or Then we use the transformation (11) and (12) to convert (22) to The solution of ( 21) is obtained as So we have which is the exact solution of space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation.One can see that the result is different than results of Alzaidy [44].

Exact Solutions by Exp-Function Method.
Balancing the order of   and  2 in ( 22), we obtain where   are determined coefficients only for simplicity.
Balancing highest order of exp-function in (27) we have which leads to the result: In the same way, we balance the linear term of the lowest order in (22), to determine the values of  and where   are determined coefficients only for simplicity.From (30), we have and this gives For simplicity, we set  =  = 1 and  =  = 1, so (15) reduces to Substituting ( 33) into (22) and using Maple, we obtain where Advances in Mathematical Physics 5 Solving this system of algebraic equations by using Maple, we get the following results: where  0 and  −1 are arbitrary parameters.Substituting these results into (33), we get the following exact solution: where  0 and  1 are arbitrary parameters and  = ( Finally, if we take  −1 = 1 and  0 = 2, (37) becomes and we obtain the hyperbolic function solution of the spacetime fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation.Comparing our result to the results in [46], it can be seen that our solution has never been obtained.

Exact
Solutions by (  /)-Expansion Method.Recently, Zayed et al. [47] obtained solitary wave solutions to SRLW equation by means of improved (  /)-expansion method.But they applied this method to (22).Namely, they took the constants of integration as zero.
In our study, we integrate (21) twice with respect to  and we get where  0 and  1 are constants of integration.Use ansatz (39), for the linear term of highest order   with the highest order nonlinear term  2 .By simple calculation, balancing   with  2 in (39) gives so that Suppose that the solutions of ( 41) can be expressed by a polynomial in (  /) as follows: By using (17) and (42) we have Substituting ( 42) and ( 43) into (39), collecting the coefficients of (  /)  ( = 0, . . ., 4), and setting it to zero, we obtain the following system: Solving this system by using Maple gives where , ,  0 , and  1 are arbitrary constants.

Conclusion
In this paper, the functional variable method, the expfunction method, and (  /)-expansion method have been successfully employed to obtain solution of the space-time fractional symmetric regularized long wave (SRLW) equation.These solutions include the generalized hyperbolic function solutions, generalized trigonometric function solutions, and rational function solutions, which may be very useful to understand the nonlinear FDEs and our result can turn into hyperbolic solution when suitable parameters are chosen.To the best of our knowledge, the solutions obtained in this paper have not been reported in literature.Maple has been used for programming and computations in this work.