Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 624905, 2 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/624905

Editorial

Innovative Micro- and Nanostructured Materials and Devices for Energy Applications

Luciano Mescia,¹ Andrea Chiappini,² Alessandro Massaro,³ and Shivakiran N. B. Bhaktha⁴

¹Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell’Informazione (DEI), Politecnico di Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy

²Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (CNRIFN), Via alla Cascata 56/C, 38123 Trento, Italy

³Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies (CBN), Via Barsanti 1, 73010 Arnesano, Italy

⁴Department of Physics and Meteorology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India

Received 5 December 2013; Accepted 5 December 2013; Published 13 August 2014

Copyright © 2014 Luciano Mescia et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

During the last decades a lot of research activities in the field of complex materials have been accomplished and today there are a wide range of applications where these materials are used. In particular, micro- and nano-structured materials are essential to develop (i) high performance sensors for environmental monitoring and industrial applications, (ii) novel energy harvesting materials and systems to be used for converting solar, thermal and mechanical energy into electrical energy, and (iii) novel electrical insulator for high voltage applications, (iv) as well as to improve the efficiencies and market penetration of inorganic photovoltaics. Moreover, the advances in micro- and nano-structured materials, enabling novel, powerful, and exciting applications, are based on research results arising from different investigation fields. This special issue is an example of these interdisciplinary contributions in using synthesis, modeling, and characterization techniques of materials as well as the related design and optimization of innovative components and functional devices for enabling the future energy applications.

In the paper entitled “Hydrothermal synthesis of Pt-, Fe- and Zn-doped SnO ₂ nanospheres and carbon monoxide sensing properties ” the authors illustrate a simple hydrothermal method to synthetize M-doped (M=Pt, Fe, and Zn) SnO₂ nanospheres for high-performance CO gas sensors. In particular, they demonstrated that the Pt-doped SnO₂ nanospheres sensor exhibit significantly enhanced CO sensing performance in terms of sensitivity, operating temperature, selectivity, response and recovery time, and reproducibility.

The paper “Analytical optimization of piezoelectric circular diaphragm generator ” describes analytical study of the piezoelectric circular diaphragm microgenerator. The authors illustrate results for PZT and PMN-PT piezoelectric materials with steel and aluminum substrates and demonstrate that optimal value for the radius and thickness of the piezoelectric layer can be used to optimize the produced electrical energy from mechanical pressure.

The paper “CFD study on wall/nanoparticle interaction in nanofluids convective heat transfer ” illustrates that Brownian motion can be considered as one of the main factor for enhancing forced convective heat transfer coefficient of nanofluids. The simulation results clearly indicate that microconvection/mixing induced by the Brownian motion of nanoparticles could significantly affect the macroconvective heat transfer capability of the nanofluids.

In the paper “Electrospun polymer-fiber solar cell ” the authors show a novel electrospun polymer-fiber solar cell synthesized by electrospinning. In particular, the measured red shift in the absorption and photoluminescence for the MEH-PPV polymer fibers may offer promising prompts for increasing the device efficiency compared to thin films. Moreover, the authors highlight that the device structure may bring significant impact in the field of organic photovoltaic if proper adjustments for electrospun polymer-fiber solar cells are made.

Acknowledgment

The guest editors thank all the authors and reviewers for their valuable contribution.

Luciano Mescia

Andrea Chiappini

Alessandro Massaro

Shivakiran N. B. Bhaktha