The current review intends to present the main findings regarding the composition and main biological activities of
Works published in the time period 2010-2018 including
The composition of
Composition and applications of
The data briefly presented in Figure
The leaves essential oil was found to contain caryophyllene, 39.8%;
Using HPLC-MS, Zhogova et al. [
An optimized recipe for the extraction of polysaccharides from motherwort leaves was presented by Tahmouzi and Ghodsi [
The main biological activities of
The application of
The cardioprotective potential of ursolic acid (the natural pentacyclic triterpenoid carboxylic acid commonly found in different
The clinical trial conducted by Shikov et al. [
Stachydrine (alkaloid found in
The cardiotonic potential of
The anti-inflammatory potential of leonurine (considered by some authors a natural component of
The immunomodulatory potential of acetone/water extract of
The traditional use of
Micota et al. [
The study of Samoilova et al. [
Micota et al. [
Wu et al. [
The clinical trial conducted by Denham et al. [
In a randomized study conducted on 165 women undergoing cesarean section, motherwort, in combination with oxytocin, proved to be efficient for preventing postpartum hemorrhage [
Regarding the use of
The antioxidant activity of
Armatu et al. [
Jafari et al. [
The influence of drying method was studied by Yi and Wetzstein [
Polysaccharides from
The antioxidant potential of
Motherwort was historically used for the treatment of several nervous afflictions, such as depression, anxiety, or stress [
Ethanolic extract obtained from aerial parts of
The antiviral potential of
Onumah [
Unlike many other plant species, the evaluated literature data (even outside the time period covered by the present review) presents no research regarding the phytosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles using
Table
Biological activities of
Origin | Part of plant/product | Type of paper | Activity | Tests performed | Components responsible for activity | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | Aerial parts | Review | Against uterine infection or other gynecological diseases, tachyarrhythmia and other cardiac disorders | - | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts | Review | Antioxidant | - | Rutin and derivatives of hydroxycinnamic acid | [ |
Commercially available, Germany | Aerial parts extract (aqueous Soxhlet) and refined extracts: dichloromethane, 70% hydroethanolic | Research | Antianginal and antiarrhythmic | Epicardial potential mapping, effect on the cardiac ion currents | phenolic constituents | [ |
Commercially available | Ursolic acid | Research | Cardioprotective | Evaluation of mitochondrial respiratory rates, mitochondrial H2O2 generation, H2O2 antioxidant activity | - | [ |
Wild-growing, Lithuania | 70% ethanol extract | Research | Cardioprotective | Measurement of the mitochondrial respiration rate and mitochondrial H2O2 generation | Chlorogenic acid and flavonoids orientin, quercetin, hyperoside, |
[ |
- | Soybean oil extract | Clinical trial | Treatment of arterial hypertension accompanied by anxiety and sleep disorders | dynamics of psychoneurological symptoms; state – activity – mood, the |
Iridoids | [ |
Commercially available | Stachydrine | Research | endothelial function protection | Determination of cell viability, Nitric oxide assay, Measurement of BH4, Measurement of cGMP levels in rat arterial rings. Measurement of vasorelaxation, Quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blotting | - | [ |
- | Extract | Review | Sedative, cardiotonic | - | [ | |
- | Aerial parts extract | Review | cardiotonic bradycardic agent, hypotensive | - | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts tincture | Review | Sedative, |
- | - | [ |
- | Stachydrine | Review | Protective effect in experimental myocardial ischemia reperfusion |
- | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Sedative, antispasmodic, electrophysiologic | [ | ||
- | Lavandulifolioside | Review | chronotropic effects | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Cardiovascular | - | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts, tea | Review | Strengthening the heart, arrhythmia, antihypertensive | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, heart palpitations | - | phenylpropanoid glycosides | [ |
- | Aerial parts | Review | Cardioprotective, antioxidant | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | relief of nervous tension symptoms, treatment of arrhythmias | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | maintenance of normal cardiac rhythm | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Cardiotonic | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Sedative, vasodilator | - | - | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Anti-Inflammatory | Histopathological analysis, Cytokines Analysis, Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Western Blot Analysis | - | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Agent for gouty arthritis treatment | Histological examination, Lentiviral transduction, Western blot analysis, Cytokine measurement | - | [ |
Commercially available, Poland | Acetone-water (70:30, v/v) extract | Research | Immunomodulatory, antioxidant | NO production in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, platelet aggregation, ABTS
|
- | [ |
Commercially available, Germany | Ethanol extract (70%), Soxhlet extraction, Methanol extract, other phases | Research | Anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial |
Effect of extracts and single components on |
Phenolic components with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl partial |
[ |
Commercially available, Poland | Leaves acetone-water (70:30, v/v) extract | Research | Antimicrobial | Evaluation of antimicrobial, anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties against |
Iridoid glycosides, di- and triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and volatile oils | [ |
Commercially available, Russia | Aerial parts water extract | Research | Anti-biofilm formation | Biofilm formation assay | - | [ |
Commercially available, Poland | Aerial parts polyphenol-enriched extract | Research | Effect of sub-inhibitory concentration extracts on |
|
- | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Anti-inflammatory | Histopathological analysis, Cell viability assay, Analysis of cytokines, qRT-PCR analysis, immunoblotting analysis, | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts, tea | Clinical trial | To control hot flushes, gynaecological tonic, relaxant | - | - | [ |
- | Motherwort injection | Trial | Preventing postpartum hemorrhage | Mean blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic BP, heart rate, respiratory rate, hemoglobin and platelet count, incidence of postpartum hemorrhage, safety assessment | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts | Review | Anxiolytic, antispasmodic, PMS, and menopausal anxiety | - | - | [ |
Aerial parts, tea, tincture, infusion | Review | Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory anxiolytic, uterine tonic, | - | - | [ | |
- | Aerial parts, tincture, tea, infusion | Review | Menopausal anxiety, insomnia, palpitations hyperthyroidism, | - | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts, infusion, decoction | Review | Tonic, Amenorrhoea, suppressed lochia, dysmenorrhoea, antispasmodic, nervine, emmenagogue | - | - | [ |
Wild-growing, Iran | Aerial parts, methanol extract | Research | Antioxidant, radical scavenging | DPPH radical-scavenging activity, reducing power, nitric oxide-scavenging activity, Metal chelating activity, ferric thiocyanate assay, Scavenging of hydrogen peroxide | Phenolic compounds | [ |
Wild-growing, Iran | Aerial parts, methanol and water extracts | Research | Antioxidant | Nitric oxide radical scavenging activity | Phenolic compounds, flavonoids | [ |
Cultivated, Romania | Aerial parts, methanol extract | Research | Antioxidant, free scavenging potential | phosphomolybdenum reduction assay, DPPH
|
Polyphenolics | [ |
Cultivated, Iran | Aerial parts, extracts and fractions | Research | Antioxidant | DPPH
|
Phenolic compounds | [ |
Cultivated, Greece | Leaves, 80% methanol or 80% ethanol | Research | Antioxidant | ABTS
|
Phenolic compounds | [ |
Wild-growing, Iran | Leaves, polysaccharides extract | Research | Antioxidant, antimicrobial | Hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity, DPPH
|
Polysaccharides | [ |
Wild-growing, Malaysia | Aerial parts, water extract | Research | Antioxidant, antidiabetic | DPPH
|
Phenolic compounds | [ |
Commercially available, China | Aerial parts, aqueous extract | Research | Antioxidant | LDLc oxidation delay | - | [ |
Commercially available, Russia | Commercial tinctures and infusions | Research | Antioxidant | DPPH
|
- | [ |
Commercially available, Russia | Commercial tinctures | Research | Antioxidant | Chronocoulometry | Lavandulifolioside, phenolic acids, caffeic acid 4-rutinoside, tannins | [ |
- | - | Review | Antioxidant | - | - | [ |
- | Methanol extract | Review | Antioxidant | DPPH
|
Flavonoid and |
[ |
- | Aerial part, tincture, tea | Review | Nervine relaxant, anxiolytic, | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Epilepsy treatment | - | - | [ |
Commercially available, Germany | Aerial parts, 45% ethanol extract, Stachydrine, Leonurine, Lavandulifolioside, Isoleosibirin, 7R-chloro-6-desoxy-harpagide | Research | Treatment of anxiety, depression, nervousness, sedative |
|
- | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Nephroprotective | Measurement of TNF- |
- | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Nephroprotective | Measurement of TGF- |
- | [ |
Commercially available | Leonurine | Research | Neuroprotective | Evaluation of spatial learning and memory performances of rats, levels of glutamate and H2O2 of hippocampus, Western blot assay | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts, ethanolic extract | Research | Analgesic | Nociceptive Behavioral Tests | - | [ |
- | Aerial parts, different types of extracts | Review | Antiviral | - | ursolic acid, quercetin, hyperoside, apigenin-7- |
[ |
- | - | Review | Treatment of hyperthyroidism, palpitations, anxiety | - | - | [ |
- | - | Review | Treatment of hyperthyroidism | - | Rosmarinic acid | [ |
As previously has been presented,
Anadón et al. [
Related to individual compounds, data are scarce and mainly outside the current review time period: Milkowska-Leyck et al. presented moderate toxicity of lavandulifolioside (LD50 approx. 1000 mg/kg) and
The use of motherwort (
The current study aimed to present the progress made in the study of motherwort from the date of the European Medicine Agency “
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
All authors contributed equally to data collection and analysis, and manuscript design. Irina Fierascu and Radu Claudiu Fierascu prepared and revised the manuscript.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support obtained through the project SusMAPWaste, SMIS 104323, Contract No. 89/09.09.2016, from the Operational Program Competitiveness 2014-2020, project cofinanced from the European Regional Development Fund.