New Pd(II) and Pt(IV) triazine complexes [Pt3(
The s-triazine and its derivatives have a wide range of pharmaceutical benefits: antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antileukemia, anticancer, and anti-HIV activities [
In connection of our previously work [
Structures of prepared triazine ligands [
The PtCl4 and PdCl2 salts were received from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Corporation, St. Louis, Mo, USA.
Synthesis of
Synthesis of trisubstituted triazine derivatives.
A hot methanolic solution of the metal chloride (Pt(IV) and Pd(II)) (1 mM) was added to the hot methanolic solution of ligands (
No. Type of analysis Model of the instruments (i) Elemental analyses Perkin Elmer CHN 2400 (USA) (ii) Metal ions gravimetrically (iii) Melting point MPS10–120 (iv) Molar conductivities Jenway 4010 conductivity meter (v) Infrared spectra Bruker Alpha FTIR Spectrophotometer (vi) UV-Vis absorption spectra UV2 Unicam UV/Vis Spectrophotometer (vii) Magnetic moments Magnetic Susceptibility Balance, Sherwood Scientific, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, England (viii) Oxford YH-300 NMR spectrometer (ix) Mass spectra 70 eV using AEI MS 30 mass spectrometer (x) Thermal studies TG/DTG Mettler Toledo AG thermogravimetric analyzer (xi) SEM Quanta FEG 250 equipment (xii) XRD X 'Pert PRO PANanalytical X-ray powder diffraction (xiii) TEM JEOL 100s microscopy
Antimicrobial evaluations of the investigated samples were assessed by a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method [
All tested samples were checked against human colon and lung cancer cell line by using neutral red (NR) technique [
All the platinum(IV) and palladium(II) s-triazine derivative complexes were obtained as colored solids by the reaction of ligands (
Microanalytical and physicochemical data of ligands and their complexes.
Compounds | Color | Λ( | Elemental analyses found(Calc.) | Yield, % | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
%C | %H | %N | %M | ||||
| Yellow | 126.8 | (21.44) | (2.01) | (14.71) | (30.73) | 77 |
21.32 | 1.96 | 14.57 | 30.66 | ||||
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| Brown | 70.6 | (20.66) | (1.63) | (13.55) | (31.46) | 72 |
20.54 | 1.54 | 13.50 | 31.32 | ||||
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| Green | 64.7 | (13.13) | (1.22) | (17.02) | (35.55) | 71 |
13.09 | 1.18 | 17.00 | 35.50 | ||||
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| Pale yellow | 95.6 | (22.64) | (2.19) | (14.22) | (28.29) | 69 |
22.56 | 2.13 | 14.16 | 28.11 | ||||
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| Dark brown | 139.3 | (28.64) | (2.69) | (19.65) | (22.39) | 75 |
28.56 | 2.57 | 19.54 | 22.31 | ||||
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| Red brown | 82 | (26.77) | (2.53) | (17.56) | (22.24) | 70 |
26.71 | 2.51 | 17.49 | 22.19 | ||||
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| Brownish green | 106.7 | (17.70) | (2.15) | (22.94) | (26.14) | 74 |
17.65 | 2.09 | 22.90 | 26.11 | ||||
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| Brown | 122.3 | (30.49) | (2.56) | (19.15) | (20.78) | 71 |
30.41 | 2.49 | 19.12 | 20.69 |
Suggested structures of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) complexes.
Peaks at 1620, 1560, 1485, 740, and 627 cm−1 present in
FT-IR spectral band assignments of
Compounds | FTIR spectral assignments (cm−1) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3249-3112 | 1623 | 1559 | 1488 | - |
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| 3260-3142 | 1619 | 1555 | 1485 | - |
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| 3251-3156 | 1621 | 1586 | 1510 | - |
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| 3244-3150 | 1619 | 1574 | 1484 | - |
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| 3200 | 1679 | 1560 | 1385 | 545, 447 |
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| - | 1667 | 1537 | 1383 | 536, 441 |
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| - | 1698 | 1585 | 1382 | 570, 470 |
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| - | 1695 | 1567 | 1390 | 530, 469 |
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| - | 1689 | 1530 | 1394 | 537, 440 |
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| - | 1695 | 1557 | 1396 | 540, 463 |
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| - | 1698 | 1550 | 1391 | 537, 467 |
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| - | 1691 | 1537 | 1393 | 537, 463 |
FT-IR spectra of (a) [Pt2(
The electronic spectra of [Pt3(
The 1H-NMR spectral data of the synthesized Pt(IV) and Pd(II) complexes have been shifted to downfield because of formation metal chelating through the nitrogen atoms of triazine, pyrimidine, thiazole, and triazole rings.
Thermal analyses (TG-DTG) were performed under N2 atmosphere. The thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric curves of the synthesized Pt(IV) (
Thermo gravimetric data of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) triazine complexes.
Complexes | | Total weight loss | Total residual | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight loss, % | Assignments | Residue, % | Assignments | ||
| 100 | 74 | 3H2O uncoord | 26 | PtO2 + Few carbons |
300, 380, 600 | 2 | ||||
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| 100 | 70 | 3H2O coord | 30 | PtO2 + Few carbons |
310, 380, 580 | 2 | ||||
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| 100 | 68 | 3H2O coord | 32 | PtO2 + Few carbons |
370, 580, 700 | 2 | ||||
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| 100 | 72 | 4H2O uncoord | 28 | PtO2 + Few carbons |
280, 380, 700 | 2 | ||||
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| 230, 360, 620 | 75 | 2 | 25 | PdO + Few carbons |
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| 360, 420, 800 | 75 | 2 | 25 | PdO + Few carbons |
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| 300, 360, 650 | 78 | 2 | 22 | PdO + Few carbons |
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| 380, 620, 800 | 82 | 2 | 18 | PdO + Few carbons |
TGA-DTG curves of Pt(IV) complexes
Complex
Complex
Complex
Complex
TGA-DTG curves of Pd(II) complexes
Complex
Complex
Complex
Complex
XRD diffraction patterns of the solid Pt(IV) and Pd(III) triazine complexes have been displayed in Figure
XRD patterns of [Pt3(
XRD patterns of [Pd3(
The SEM photos of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) complexes
SEM photos of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) complexes
According to the TEM technique (Figure
TEM photos of Pt(IV) complexes
Table
Inhibition zone diameter of free ligands and its Pt(IV) and Pd(II) complexes.
Sample | Inhibition zone diameter (mm/mg Sample) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacteria | Fungi | ||||
| | | | ||
Standard | Ampicillin: Antibacterial agent | 30 | 24 | -- | -- |
Amphotericin B: Antifungal agent | -- | -- | 16 | 21 | |
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Control: DMSO | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 11 | 10 | 10 | 0.0 | |
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| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 15 | 10 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 19 | 18 | 16 | 0.0 | |
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| 12 | 11 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 24 | 23 | 12 | 0.0 | |
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| 14 | 12 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 14 | 15 | 15 | 0.0 | |
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| 11 | 11 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
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| 16 | 17 | 12 | 0.0 | |
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| 14 | 15 | 11 | 0.0 |
Table
IC50 activity of the free ligands and its Pt(IV) complexes.
Against human colon cancer cell lines | ||||||||
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Concentration ( | Viability (%) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | |
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100 | 65 | 66 | 61 | 72.7 | 55.3 | 6.4 | 35.5 | 44.6 |
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50 | 70 | 67.8 | 64.4 | 81.7 | 60 | 31.8 | 41.4 | 56.6 |
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10 | 72 | 70 | 69.3 | 82.5 | 65 | 62.9 | 66.8 | 71.5 |
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IC50 | 170 | 461 | 277 | 259 | 162.8 | 27 | 50.7 | 79 |
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Against human lung cancer A549 cell lines | ||||||||
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Concentration ( | Viability (%) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | |
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150 | 82.4 | 100 | 96 | 100 | 100 | 44.6 | 100 | 77.7 |
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100 | 83.4 | 100 | 98.7 | 100 | 100 | 61.7 | 100 | 100 |
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50 | 86 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 66.5 | 100 | 100 |
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10 | 98.7 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
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IC50 | 431.4 | - | 1305.7 | - | - | 128 | - | 212 |
Images of the neutral red cytotoxicity test of the free
Images of the neutral red cytotoxicity test of the free
The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University. The authors would like to thank Professor Dr. Ibrahim A. Alsarra for his scientific guidance; also they would like to thank the Assistant Researcher Mrs. Lina Almaliky for her participation in the preparation of experimental work in lab.