The Effect of Teach-Back Combined with King Interactive Standard Mode on the Life of COPD Patients

Background COPD is a common clinical chronic airway inflammatory disease that occurs mostly in middle-aged and older adults over the age of 40. The incidence of COPD is increasing year by year and the onset of age is gradually becoming younger. Objective To observe the effect of teach-back combined with king interaction on the life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods A total of 100 COPD patients admitted to our hospital from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022 were retrospectively selected to be divided into 50 cases in the control group and 50 cases in the observation group according to the nursing methods. The control group was treated with routine nursing intervention, while the observation group was treated with teach-back combined with king interactive standard mode intervention. The differences in Self-Care Ability Assessment Scale (ESCA) score, St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score, Mental State Assessment Scale (MSSNS) score, 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), and pulmonary function indexes were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention. The success rate and patient compliance of each index in the groups were also recorded. Results After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, the total SGRO score and its factor scores of self-care skills, self-care responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge level in them were all higher than those before the intervention, while the total SGRO score and its factor scores of respiratory symptoms, activity limitation, disease influence, and so on were all decreased compared with those before the intervention. The ESCA score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control one after 3 months and 6 months of intervention, while the SGRQ score was significantly lower than that of the control one, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). After 3 months of intervention, the total score of MSSNS and the scores of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and other factors in both groups were decreased compared with those before intervention. After 6 months of intervention, the total score of MSSNS and scores of each factor in both groups were decreased compared with those before intervention, and the MSSNS scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after the intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, 6MWD, forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory value in 1 second (FEV1), and FVC/FEV1 in them were all higher than those before intervention, and 6MWD and pulmonary function were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group after 3 and 6 months of intervention, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The ESCA score, SGRQ score, MSSNS score, pulmonary function compliance rate, and compliance rate in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The use of teach-back combined with king interactive standard mode in COPD patients can improve the patient's self-care ability, reduce psychological negative emotions, and improve the quality of life.


Introduction
COPD is an airway inflammatory disease characterized by incompletely reversible airflow limitation, with clinical manifestations of chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea. e symptoms of acute exacerbation are aggravated, and the patients can die from respiratory failure [1,2]. e main goals of current clinical treatment of COPD are controlling the disease and preventing acute exacerbations. However, the risk of rehospitalization within one year after discharge increases due to the lack of awareness about COPD-related knowledge. e burden of COPD is heavy. It is expected to become the third leading cause of human death by 2030 [3]. erefore, it is of great importance to improve the selfmanagement ability and life of COPD patients.
Teach-back is a scientific method of communication in which nursing staff provides health education to patients and instructs patients to repeat the knowledge points in their own words to ensure that they really master health knowledge [4]. King interaction standard mode is a mutual pointing interaction model, which deepens the communication and interaction between nurses and patients through the process of perception, judgment, behavior, and response, so as to achieve a good communication effect [5]. e teachback and king interaction mode have been used in the nursing of respiratory diseases, while the research was not sufficient. In order to improve the awareness rate of COPDrelated knowledge and improve the self-management ability of patients and their life quality, the teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model was applied to COPD patients in this study. e report is as follows.
1.1. Core Tips. In this study, the scientific communication model teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model was used to intervene in patients with COPD, and it was found that it could improve the self-care ability of patients, reduce psychological distress, and improve their quality of life.

General Information.
A total of 100 patients with COPD admitted to our hospital from Jan 2021 to Jan 2022 were retrospectively selected, of whom 59 were males and 41 were females, aged from 40 to 75 years old, with an average of (60.44 ± 8.85) years. e course of disease was 2∼17 years, with an average of (8.96 ± 1.77) years. ey were divided into control group (50 cases) and observation group (50 cases) according to the nursing methods. ere was no significant difference in specific general data between them (P > 0.05).

Case Selection Criteria.
Inclusion criteria: (1) in line with the criteria for stable COPD in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; (2) ages from 18 to 75 years old; (3) having basic verbal communication skills and being able to cooperate with the intervention and assessment of relevant scores; (4) with complete clinical and follow-up data.
Exclusion criteria: (1) with severe mental diseases; (2) presence of in situ or metastatic malignancy; (3) poor overall physical condition with an expected survival of less than six months; (4) inability to perform the 6-minute walk test due to the presence of physical dysfunction; (5) with functional impairment of important organs; (6) long-term bed rest; (7) with hematopoietic system diseases.

Method.
In the control group, conventional nursing interventions were used to instruct patients to maintain healthy habits, follow medical prescriptions, perform respiratory function exercises, and pay attention to the prevention of cold, infection, and inhalation of harmful fumes. e observation group was intervened by teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model. e intervention group of teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model was established, with the nurse manager as the group leader and the charge nurse as the group member. e group was organized to learn COPD rehabilitation training, teach-back and king interactive compliance concept, and other related knowledge. Nursing staff was allowed to join the group after passing the examination. Intervention: (1) Evaluation: One-to-one communication was used on the day of admission or the next day to know the patients' understanding of COPD-related knowledge, self-management ability, willingness, and attitude to participate in interaction. (2) Plan: Develop an intervention plan based on the assessment results by reviewing the relevant literature. e teach-back questionnaire was formulated to carry out the scenario simulation exercise. After that, the existing problems were analyzed and corrective measures were proposed. (3) Implementation: Nursing staff used easy-to-understand language to explain COPD-related knowledge according to the patient's understanding of them, guiding patients to establish a healthy lifestyle, follow medical prescriptions, perform respiratory function exercises, and pay attention to the prevention of cold, infection, and inhalation of harmful fumes. ey should ask patients according to the teach-back questionnaire: Did you understand what I just said? What do you agree with? Why is it important to establish a healthy lifestyle, take medication as prescribed, and perform respiratory function exercises? How many times a day do you do respiratory function exercises? How long do you do them each time? Can you show me how to do them? Is there anything else that is unclear to you? If the patient cannot repeat them correctly, the nursing staff should repeat the explanation again. (4) Evaluation: Assess the achievement of the single target value of the plan, analyze the reasons for the failure, and timely adjust the intervention measures. After the patients were discharged from the hospital, the interventions were continued up to 6 months by outpatient follow-up, telephone follow-up or WeChat follow-up, family visits, and other forms.

Detection Method.
Exercise endurance was measured by 6MWD before intervention, 3 months and 6 months after intervention. Patients walked as fast as they could on a flat surface after 15 min of rest, and the walking distance within 6 min was recorded with the unit of meter. e forced vital capacity (FVC) forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) with the unit of ml and FVC/FEV1 were measured by German Yager pulmonary function detector.
2.5. Score Standard. Self-care ability assessment scale (ESCA) score [6]: evaluation was conducted before intervention, 3 months and 6 months after intervention, including four aspects of self-care skills, sense of responsibility, self-concept, and health knowledge level, with a total of 43 pieces and a single score of 0 to 4. e high ∼ low ESCA score indicates the high ∼ low self-care ability.
Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score [7]: 43 questions were assessed before intervention, 3 and 6 months after intervention, including respiratory symptoms, activity limitation, and disease impact, with 43 questions and a total score range of 0 to 100. e high-low SGRQ score represented the low-high quality of life.
Mental state assessment scale (MSSNS) score [8]: e evaluation was conducted before intervention, 3 months and 6 months after intervention, including four aspects of anxiety, depression, anger, and loneliness, with a total of 38 pieces and a single score of 0 to 4. e high ∼ low MSSNS score indicates the high ∼ low of negative psychology.
Compliance rate: the number of indicators reaching the standard/total number of cases × 100%.
Compliance rate: the self-developed score of this study was used, which covered respiratory function exercise, medication, lifestyle, etc., with a total score range of 0∼100, of which 90 or more points were defined as complete compliance, 60∼89 points as basic compliance, 60 points below as noncompliance. Complete and basic compliance were defined as compliance.

Statistical Method.
e data were processed by SPSS26.0. e normality and homogeneity of the measurement data were detected by the K-S method test and Levene's method test, respectively. e measurement data conforming to the standard were described by (χ ± s). e t-test was used for comparison. χ 2 test was applied to compare the count data by the four-compartment table method or the χ 2 test with row × list, and P < 0.05 was statistically significant.

Analysis of Two Groups of General Data.
ere was no significant difference in the general data of residence, pulmonary function classification, education level, age, gender, and combined diseases between them (P > 0.05). See Table 1.

Comparison of ESCA Scores between the Two Groups.
Before intervention, there was no significant difference in ESCA score between them (P > 0.05). After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, the total SGRO score and its factor scores of self-care skills, self-care responsibility, self-concept, health knowledge level in them were all higher than before, and the ESCA score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control one after 3 months and 6 months of intervention, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). See Table 2.

Comparison of SGRO Scores between the Two Groups.
Before intervention, there was no significant difference in SGRO score between them (P > 0.05); the total SGRO score and its factor scores of respiratory symptoms, activity limitation, disease influence, and so on were all decreased compared with those before the intervention, and the SGRO score was significantly lower than that of the control one, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). See Table 3.

Comparison of MSSNS Scores between the Two Groups.
Before intervention, there was no significant difference in MSSNS score between them (P > 0.05). After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, the total score of MSSNS score and the scores of anxiety, depression, anger (except for 3 months of intervention), and loneliness in them were lower than those before intervention, and the MSSNS score and its factor score (except for anger at 3 months of intervention) in the observation one were significantly lower than those in the control one, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). See Table 4.

Comparison of 6MWD and Pulmonary Function between
Two Groups. Before intervention, there was no significant difference in 6MWD and pulmonary function indexes between them (P > 0.05). After 3 months and 6 months of intervention, the 6MWD, FVC, FEV1, and FVC/FEV1 of them were higher than those before intervention, and the 6MWD and pulmonary function of the observation one were significantly higher than those of the control one after 3 months and 6 months of intervention, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). See Figure 1.

Compliance Comparison between Two Groups.
e compliance rate of the observation group was 88.00% (44/ 50), which was significantly higher than 68.00% (34/50) of the control one, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). See Table 6.

Discussion
Dyspnea can not only lead to a decline in exercise endurance and reduce the life quality of patients, but also cause greater economic burden on patients and cause psychological Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging    [9,10]. A survey found that Chinese residents have low awareness of COPD-related knowledge, resulting in about 43% of COPD patients needing hospitalization at least once a year, and more than half of the first-time hospitalized patients died within 3.6 years [11,12]. erefore, special attention should be paid to the development and improvement of patients' self-management skills in interventions for COPD to reduce acute COPD exacerbation, which can not only reduce the cost of hospitalization, but also delay the disease and improve the prognosis [13].  Teach-back method is a simple and practical way of health education, which ensures patients to complete health education better and improve their disease-related knowledge level through explaining, answering, retelling, correcting, and other steps, especially for people with poor health knowledge [4,14]. At present, teach-back method has been widely used in postoperative rehabilitation, chronic diseases, teaching, and other fields [15,16]. King interactive standard model believes that the interaction between nurses and patients can help nurses to fully understand the psychological and physiological changes of patients, formulate targeted nursing intervention, and it can stimulate the potential of patients, giving full play to their subjective initiative, which has been applied in obstetrics, surgery, internal medicine, and other fields [17,18].
In this study, the teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model was applied to the intervention of COPD patients. It was found that the total score of SGRO score and its self-care skills, self-care responsibility, selfconcept, health knowledge level of patients after 3 months and 6 months of intervention were higher than those of patients with conventional intervention. e total score of SGRQ score and its respiratory symptoms, activity limitation, and disease impact were lower than those of patients with conventional intervention. Teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model for COPD patients can improve their self-care ability and respiratory function. e results of 6MWD and pulmonary function test suggested that the 6MWD, FVC, FEV1, and FVC/FEV1 of the intervention group using teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model after 3 and 6 months of intervention were higher than those of the conventional intervention one, and the ESCA score, SGRQ score, MSSNS score, and pulmonary function compliance rate were significantly higher than those of the conventional intervention one. e results suggested that teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model for COPD patients could improve exercise tolerance and pulmonary ventilation function, which was due to the fact that the teach-back method eliminated the one-way information transmission mode of routine health education and evaluated and provided feedback on patients' knowledge mastery through retelling to help patients better grasp and understand health education information [19,20]. In the process of king interactive standard intervention, it focuses on the interaction between nurses and patients and strengthens health knowledge through the spiral process of continuous cognition, error correction, and recognition, so as to improve the self-management ability of patients, stimulate their subjective initiative, and better implement the compliance behavior [21][22][23]. In the king interactive compliance model, nurses participate in the whole process of interaction, which can discover the problems in the plan and adjust the intervention scheme in time to ensure the continuity of intervention [24,25].
COPD patients have decreased motor function due to somatic symptoms, and some patients even lose their ability to work and self-care in daily life, which causes negative emotions [26][27][28]. Severe negative emotion can affect patients' sleep quality and their treatment compliance, which is detrimental to the prognosis [29][30][31]. e study found that the total MSSNS score and its factor scores at 3 months and 6 months of the teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model were lower than those who used the conventional intervention, and the compliance rate was higher than that of the conventional intervention. It suggests that teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model for COPD patients can reduce the negative emotions of patients and improve treatment compliance. is is due to the fact that patients in teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model have better mastery of diseaserelated knowledge and pay more attention to disease treatment and compliance behavior, resulting in an increased compliance. Patients communicate with nursing staff throughout the process in this model, so as to find out their negative emotions and get timely relief, thus reducing their negative emotions [32,33].
ere were some limitations of this study. is study was a retrospective study, and the selection bias was inevitable. Furthermore, the sample of this study was only 100 patients. And finally, this study was performed in only one hospital.
us, the results should be confirmed by further multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials.  In conclusion, teach-back combined with king interactive compliance model for COPD patients can improve their self-care ability, reduce psychological distress, and improve the quality of life.
Data Availability e datasets used and analyzed during the current study can be obtained from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Conflicts of Interest
e authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Authors' Contributions
Jiaxi Rang, Liming Peng, and Long Wen have contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.