International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences

Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 837080, 4 pages

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/837080

Research Article

On the Classification of Lattices Over Which Are Even Unimodular -Lattices of Rank 32

Andreas Henn, Michael Hentschel, Aloys Krieg, and Gabriele Nebe

Lehrstuhl A für Mathematik, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany

Received 13 November 2012; Accepted 28 January 2013

Academic Editor: Frank Werner

Copyright © 2013 Andreas Henn et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

We classify the lattices of rank 16 over the Eisenstein integers which are even unimodular -lattices (of dimension 32). There are exactly 80 unitary isometry classes.

1. Introduction

Let be the ring of integers in the imaginary quadratic field . An Eisenstein lattice is a positive definite Hermitian -lattice such that the trace lattice with is an even unimodular -lattice. The rank of the free -lattice is where . Eisenstein lattices (or the more general theta lattices introduced in [1]) are of interest in the theory of modular forms, as their theta series is a modular form of weight for the full Hermitian modular group with respect to (cf. [2]). The paper [2] contains a classification of the Eisenstein lattices for , , and . In these cases, one can use the classifications of even unimodular -lattices by Kneser and Niemeier and look for automorphisms with minimal polynomial .

For , this approach does not work as there are more than isometry classes of even unimodular -lattices (cf. [3, Corollary 17]). In this case, we apply a generalisation of Kneser’s neighbor method (compare [4]) over to construct enough representatives of Eisenstein lattices and then use the mass formula developed in [2] (and in a more general setting in [1]) to check that the list of lattices is complete.

Given some ring that contains , any -module is clearly also an -module. In particular, the classification of Eisenstein lattices can be used to obtain a classification of even unimodular -lattices that are -modules for the maximal order

respectively, wherein the rational definite quaternion algebra of discriminant and respectively. For the Hurwitz order , these lattices have been determined in [5], and the classification over is new (cf. [6]).

2. Statement of Results

Theorem 1. The mass of the genus of Eisenstein lattices of rank is

There are exactly isometry classes of Eisenstein lattices of rank .

Proof. The mass was computed in [2]. The 80 Eisenstein lattices of rank 16 are listed in Table 4 with the order of their unitary automorphism group. These groups have been computed with MAGMA. We also checked that these lattices are pairwise not isometric. Using the mass formula, one verifies that the list is complete.

To obtain the complete list of Eisenstein lattices of rank 16, we first constructed some lattices as orthogonal sums of Eisenstein lattices of rank 12 and 4 and from known 32-dimensional even unimodular lattices. We also applied coding constructions from ternary and quaternary codes in the same spirit as described in [7]. To this list of lattices, we applied Kneser’s neighbor method. For this, we made use of the following facts (cf. [4]): Let be an integral -lattice and a prime ideal of that does not divide the discriminant of . An integral -lattice is called a -neighbor of if

All -neighbors of a given -lattice can be constructed as

where with (such a vector is called admissible). We computed (almost random) neighbors (after rescaling the already computed lattices to make them integral) for the prime elements , and by randomly choosing admissible vectors from a set of representatives and constructing or all integral overlattices of of suitable index. For details of the construction, we refer to [4].

Corollary 2. There are exactly 83 isometry classes of -lattices of rank that yield even unimodular -lattices of rank .

Proof. Since is generated by its unit group , one may determine the structures over of an Eisenstein lattice as follows. Let be a third root of unity. If the -module structure of can be extended to a module structure, the -lattice needs to be isometric to its complex conjugate lattice . Let be such an isometry, so

Let

Then we need to find representatives of all conjugacy classes of elements such that

This can be shown as in [8] in the case of the Gaussian integers.

Alternatively, one can classify these lattices directly using the neighbor method and a mass formula, which can be derived from the mass formula in [9] as in [5]. The results are contained in [6]. For details on the neighbor method in a quaternionic setting, we refer to [10].

The Eisenstein lattices of rank up to 16 are listed in Tables 1–4 ordered by the number of roots. For the sake of completeness, we have included the results from [2] in rank 4, 8 and 12. denotes the root system of the corresponding even unimodular -lattice (cf. [11, Chapter 4]). In the column Aut, the order of the unitary automorphism group is given. The next column contains the number of structures of the lattice over . For lattices with a structure over the Hurwitz quaternions (note that , so all lattices with a structure over have a structure over ), the name of the corresponding Hurwitz lattice used in [5] is given in the last column.

Table 1: The lattice of rank 4.

no.

Aut

1

155520
1

Table 2: The lattice of rank 8.

no.

Aut

1
2
48372940800
2
2

Table 3: The lattices of rank 12.

no.

Aut

1
3
22568879259648000
2
3

2
4
8463329722368
1

3
6
206391214080
1
()

4
12
101016305280
1

5

2690072985600
1

Table 4: The lattices of rank 16.

no.

Aut

1
4
14039648409841827840000
3
4

2
4 +
1316217038422671360
1

3
6 +
32097961613721600
1
()

4
12 +
15710055797145600
1

5
4 + 4
2742118830047232
1

6
4 + 2
40122452017152
1

7

418360150720512000
1

8
10 + 2
71409344532480
1

9
8
443823666757632
2
()

10
4 + 3 +
313456656384

11
13 +
11604018486528

12
6
825564856320
1

13
6 + +
48977602560

14
4 + 4
15479341056
1

15
7 +
21427701120

16
16
1851353376768
3

17
8 + 2
8707129344
1

18
4 + 3
1451188224

19
4 +
9795520512

20
4
82556485632
1
()

21
+
1277045637120

22
6 + 2
302330880
2

23
9 +
1836660096

24
+
22448067840

25
4 + 2
107495424
1

26
7 +
52907904

27
10
408146688
1

28
6 +
22674816

29
2 + 2
134369280
1

30
5 +
8398080

31
8
423263232
2

32
8
7558272
4

33
4 +
4478976

34
2
7644119040
1
()

35
2
656916480
1

36
7
1530550080

37
7
2834352

38
3 +
113374080

39
3 +
2519424

40
6
1679616
1

41
6
629856
2

42
2 +
1710720

43
5
139968

44
+
3265920

45
+
2426112

46
4
161243136
2

47
4
68024448
1

48
4
4199040
2

49
4
1399680
1

50
4
314928

51
4
139968
1

52
4
69984
3

53

660290641920

54

1813985280

55

87091200

()

56

1990656

57
3
58320

58
3
15552

59
2
606528

60
2
186624
1

61
2
41472
1

62
2
25920

63
2
18144
2

64
2
18144
2

65
2
16200
4

66

2204496

67

108864

68

3888

69

2916

70

303216721920
2
,

71

15552000
5

72

9289728
3

73

1658880
1

74

387072
3

75

29376
2

76

10368
1

77

8064
2

78

5760
4

79

4608
2

80

2592
3

A list of the Gram matrices of the lattices is given in [12].

Remark 3. We have the following.

(a)The corresponding -lattices belong to mutually different -isometry classes.(b)Each of the lattices listed previously is isometric to its conjugate. Hence the associated Hermitian theta series are symmetric Hermitian modular forms (cf. [1]).

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