Understanding the Green Procurement Behavior of Household Appliance Manufacturing Industry: An Empirical Study of the Enablers

Green procurement, as a crucial green supply chain practice, contributes to sustainability achievement and reduces carbon emissions by selecting sustainable suppliers or outsourcing partners. The green procurement of household appliance manufacturing can reduce carbon emissions from the source and increase the competitiveness of products. To help better understand the driving powers and influential mechanism of green purchasing behavior for household appliance manufacturers, the green procurement mechanism is investigated by presenting an empirical study considering both endogenous and exogenous factors. A survey-based questionnaire is designed, and a semistructured interview is conducted for data collection. Besides, the structural equation model (SEM) approach is employed to test the supposed hypotheses and proposed assumptions based on the collected 529 questionnaire responses. The empirical results show that exogenous driving powers are more inclined to encourage household appliance manufacturers to perform green procurement strategy compared with endogenous factors. Additionally, the business strategy, governmental regulations, and customer awareness show greater influence on green purchasing behavior, while the corporate culture, production system, and suppliers have little impact. Taxation policies, environmental awareness, and green strategies are the three main driving factors for promoting green procurement from the governmental, individual, and organizational dimensions. This empirical study assists to investigate potential factors affecting green purchasing behavior and helps to disclose the influential mechanisms from a systematic viewpoint. Results derived from the empirical analysis could assist to achieve sustainability by better understanding green purchasing behavior and better promoting green procurement strategies.


Introduction
With the rapid development of the Chinese economy and the continuous advancement of urbanization, greenhouse gas emissions have increased signifcantly, and environmental pollution has become increasingly serious. Te 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that we should accelerate the development mode's green transformation and promotes the formation of green and low-carbon modes of production and life. Environmental issues have received extensive attention from scholars worldwide [1][2][3], and consumers have gradually realized the importance of environmental protection. It is currently a hot topic to fgure out how to cut carbon emissions, create a green economy, and achieve sustainable development of the environment, society, and economy [4,5]. China's commitment to green and low-carbon development was reafrmed when General Secretary Xi Jinping announced the target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 and reaching a carbon peak by 2030 at the United Nations General Assembly in September 2020. As carbon neutrality and carbon peaking have become important development strategies worldwide the future, manufacturing companies reliant on traditional supply chain management models are facing greater pressure for transformation. Conducting green supply chain management and improving environmental benefts have increasingly become development trends in many countries' manufacturing industries [6].
Diferent from the traditional supply chain management model, green supply chain management integrates the concepts of a full life cycle and producer responsibility in the supply chain to achieve green design, production, and circulation throughout the entire supply chain [7]. It is an innovative environmental management model in the context of new strategies [8]. It relies on the supply relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises, takes core enterprises as the fulcrum, and promotes upstream and downstream enterprises to improve their environmental performance and promote green innovation through green supplier management and green procurement, which in turn improves corporate performance [9]. A study found that there is a signifcant positive correlation between green procurement, green production, green recycling, corporate competitiveness, and environmental benefts [10]. Te competition between enterprises has changed to the competition between supply chains, the relationship between upstream and downstream enterprises has become closer, and manufacturers are demanding more and more from their suppliers. Apple specifed in its corporate social responsibility report that suppliers should provide green materials to reduce environmental impact. Dell, Ford, Toyota, and other multinational companies have also launched green procurement and production. To reduce environmental pollution, enterprises have started producing green products [11]. As the primary link in green product production, green procurement can improve the procurement efciency of goods and services, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and achieve the same economic benefts in a more environmentally friendly way [12]. Terefore, more and more manufacturing enterprises have shifted their attention to green procurement, and some manufacturing enterprises have begun to actively implement the green procurement strategy, which has built a bridge between green production and green consumption.
At present, scholars have conducted extensive research on green procurement, including the factors that afect consumers' green procurement [13,14], the application of green materials, and other aspects. Te use of green materials in the construction industry or road construction can effectively improve the environmental performance of projects [15][16][17][18][19][20], which makes the selection of green suppliers key to green procurement [21][22][23][24][25]. In addition, the use of green logistics in the procurement process can efectively reduce operating costs, improve energy efciency, and reduce carbon emissions [26][27][28]. Green manufacturing technology can integrate environmental impact and resource efciency and is considered the future direction of modern manufacturing [29][30][31][32].
Additionally, scholars have also studied green procurement strategies in diferent industrial sectors, such as the oil, gas industry, real estate industry, and manufacturing industries [16,33,34]. Te large amount of consumption potential and consumption capacity of household appliances make the green strategy more important due to its huge population base in the Chinese market. China is a large manufacturing country, the demand for household appliances is relatively large, and medium-and high-end household appliances are exported to several countries. Recently, the household appliance manufacturing industry has shown a development trend of green innovation, modernization, and intelligence [35], which has the following three development characteristics. First, household appliances are produced in large-scale, automated, and continuous production, with a large production scale and high per capita production capacity; second, household appliances are the comprehensive performance of new materials and technologies, and new materials and technologies in all walks of life are quickly applied to the household appliance industry; fnally, products are diversifed. With the increase in income level, people's requirements for high-quality living standards are becoming more and more intense. Household appliances are closely related to people's daily lives. Terefore, the characteristics of household appliances such as green environmental protection, pollution-free, safe, and intelligent have attracted much attention. People's demand for household appliances is the starting point of enterprise innovation. Household appliances are composed of many parts, and Chinese industrial plants pay more attention to assembly operations in the household appliance industry. Even though some brands can produce core parts, most of the components are outsourced, and they are usually assembled to be a product in an inefcient cost-efective way with high resource consumption. Te green procurement is of great signifcance to carbon emission reduction and the sustainability achievement of the household appliance sector.
A better understanding of the infuential ingredients of green procurement driving green purchasing behavior assists in green strategy promotion. Academic researchers and industrial practitioners have scrutinized the driving factors of green procurement. Te results showed that external factors were more likely to prompt enterprises to conduct green procurement and that frms infuenced by government regulations or regulatory measures will passively change their purchasing strategies [36]. Similarly, pressure from competitors would force companies to produce green products and thus change their purchasing strategies [37]. Most studies focused on external factors, such as governmental regulation, regional policy, and the requirements of its stakeholders. However, internal factors can also infuence green purchasing. Corporate social responsibility, the attitude of executives [38], and concern for environmental friendliness [39] can also contribute to the implementation of green supply chain management.
China's household appliance manufacturers show an increasing trend in low-carbon, environmental protection, intelligent, and modern development. Many scholars have conducted academic research on green procurement in high-energy consumption industries; however, there is little research on disclosing the green procurement mechanism of the household appliance manufacturing industry. Besides, although there are extensive discussions on green procurement in previous publications regarding some industrial sectors, most researchers mainly focus on external drivers, including government policies and consumers, ignoring the internal factors of industrial organizations. However, under the prevailing philosophy of carbon reduction and sustainability achievement, household appliance manufacturer enterprises tend to show their internal impetus to perform green supply chain management practices. Te green behaviors of manufacturing enterprises are not only motivated by external drivers (such as national regulations and social supervision) but are also driven by internal sustainability requirements. Terefore, this study tries to fll the gap by investigating the green procurement behavior of the household appliance manufacturing industry through quantitative research considering both external and internal drivers. Te theoretical contributions of this research are as follows. First, a theoretical model is developed to address the green purchasing mechanism for the household appliance manufacturing industry considering comprehensive driving factors. Te corporate culture is also involved in the novel framework, and related hypotheses are proposed based on the formulated theoretical model. Second, a quantitative study is performed and analyzed on the 529 questionnaire responses, which were collected by survey-based questionnaire and a semistructured interview. Tird, the empirical study assists stakeholders in better understanding the green procurement behavior of household appliance manufacturers and contributes to green purchasing promotion and sustainability achievement by providing managerial insights for involved household appliance manufacturers, governments, suppliers, and consumers.
Te rest of this paper is organized as follows: Te literature review and research hypotheses are studied in Section 2. Te research methodology and detailed steps are presented in Section 3. Research results are drawn and discussed in subsequent Section 4. Ten, the theoretical and management implications are provided and discussed. Finally, we end the paper with conclusions.

Green Supply Chain Management.
Green supply chain management (GSCM) is the integration of environmental thinking into all aspects of supply chain management [40,41]. It has attracted more scholars' research as a business practice and emerging strategy [42][43][44], ecological innovation promotes the implementation of GSCM [45,46]. GSCM can reduce waste and pollution in the entire supply chain and conduct product design, selection and procurement of raw materials, manufacturing, logistics and transportation, product sales, and other links with holistic thinking [47,48]. Hsu et al. considered that GSCM includes three subsets of green procurement, environmental design, and green logistics [37]. Current research on supply chains focuses on the impact of GSCM on corporate performance. Some studies suggest that GSCM practices have positive efects on both environmental and fnancial performance [49][50][51]. On the contrary, Younis H et al. found that the subitems of GSCM had diferent impacts on corporate performance. Tey had no impact on environmental performance, but green procurement and environmental cooperation had signifcant efects on business performance [52]. Similarly, Geng et al. conducted a study on the relationship between GSCM and corporate performance in emerging Asian economies and found that GSCM has a positive efect on economic, environmental, operational, and social performance [53]. Additionally, customer pressure drives enterprises to conduct GSCM. Enterprises can control the environmental requirements of upstream procurement through environmental monitoring of suppliers, respond efectively to customer pressure, and form cooperative relationships with customers to improve fnancial performance [54]. Terefore, the implementation of green supply chain management plays a positive role in promoting enterprises. Green procurement as a key link in supply chain management can improve the operation and environmental performance of enterprises and make the products of those enterprises have stronger competitiveness.

Ingredients Afecting Green Procurement Behavior and
Proposed Hypotheses. Green procurement, as the initial process of the sustainable supply chain, denotes that organizations prefer green suppliers with environmentally friendly products and services. It means that enterprises pay more attention to the green performances of their partners for environmental protection, resource conservation, and recycling in procurement activities. As an important part of GSCM, green procurement has attracted the research of many scholars. Research on green procurement of smalland medium-sized enterprises in developing countries found that green procurement has a positive impact on the competitiveness, business performance, environmental performance, and society of enterprises [34]. A comprehensive literature review of green procurement summarizes the internal and external drivers and obstacles of GSCM; the main driving factors are organizational factors, regulations, customers, competitors, and society, excluding suppliers [55]. Wang et al. believed that cost and customer factors afect the internal and external green practices of enterprises and improve environmental performance [56]. In contrast, Khodaparasti et al. argued that customer pressure is not signifcantly related to green purchasing and that environmental concerns, employee competencies, motivations, and rewards positively infuence frms' green purchasing practices [57]. Besides, an empirical study by Ososanmi et al. showed that close collaboration between governments and other organizations and individuals can promote green supply chain practices in developing countries and that training can enhance awareness of sustainable development [58].
Scholars have diferent views on the driving factors of green purchasing. Tis paper puts forward to determine the factors that infuence the green purchasing of enterprises from both internal and external aspects. Te internal drives include business strategy, corporate culture, and production system, the external drives include government, suppliers, and consumers, and exogenous driving powers may afect endogenous driving powers, the dynamic model is shown in Figure 1.
First, business strategy is an active choice made by an enterprise to realize its long-term development goals and commercial value. Formulating a comprehensive and systematic business strategy is helpful to enhance the core competitiveness of an enterprise and stand out in the differentiated competition. Te strategic level of the purchasing department and the environmental commitment level of the company drive the environmental performance of the enterprise, which in turn has a positive impact on purchasing performance [59]. Business strategy and corporate innovation have an inverted U-shaped relationship, and developing appropriate corporate strategies can have a positive impact on innovation performance [60]. Managers should create an environment conducive to sustainable development and commercial interests and classify the competitive environment through four strategies, including the company's industry structure, industry status, service market type, and capabilities. Using these four strategies, managers can optimize the economic returns on environmental investments and turn those investments into a competitive advantage [61]. In the research on the relationship between organizational innovation ability and green procurement implementation, it is found that organizational innovation ability will promotes the implementation of green procurement, and employees' commitment to change afects the implementation of green procurement [62]. From the company level, consumer purchasing behavior is positively related to the implementation of green procurement, and executive commitment is a key factor in green procurement and the development of green suppliers [63]. In addition to the positive impact of executives' commitment to green procurement, environmental cooperation with suppliers can indirectly afect green procurement [64].
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H1: Business strategy signifcantly impacts the green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry.
Corporate culture is the soul of corporate development. An excellent corporate culture can create a good corporate environment, improve corporate cohesion and competitiveness, and thus promote corporate development. Corporate culture may refect the uniqueness of an enterprise. It is an intangible factor to promote the innovation performance of enterprises [65]. Guiso et al. discussed the relationship between the dimensions of corporate culture and corporate performance and found that positive factors for corporate culture can improve corporate performance [66]. Terefore, although the corporate culture is invisible, it can exert a subtle infuence on the enterprise.
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H2: Corporate culture signifcantly impacts the green procurement of the household appliance manufacturing industry.
Te production system is the core of the manufacturing enterprise and directly afects the quantity and quality of the enterprise's products. Progress and innovation in production technology are the driving forces for the economic development of the enterprise. An empirical study found that, compared with delivery time, cost, fexibility, and inventory optimization, factors such as product quality, production capacity, customer satisfaction, and supplier innovation have a greater positive infuence on the benefts of sustainable supply management [67]. Products with high performance and a good experience are more likely to be favored by consumers [68]. Product packaging innovation is a part of ecological innovation, enterprises have gradually started to pay attention to packaging innovation, and the progress of production technology is conducive to the innovation of packaging ecological design and reducing the negative impact on brands [69]. Additionally, the lean practice of human technology can increase the innovation investment of enterprises, thereby improving the business performance of enterprises [70].
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H3: Production systems signifcantly impact the procurement of the household appliance manufacturing industry.
Te government can guide and restrain the behavior of enterprises, and government regulations and tax policies can promote the sustainable development of enterprises in purchasing and supply management [71][72][73]. Te analysis of the green innovation practices factors of manufacturing supply chain management believes that there is a signifcant link between government regulation, stakeholder pressure, frm size, and green innovation practices [74]. Furthermore, production and start-up costs are the key factors that hinder the green production of enterprises and the most direct and efective way to stimulate the production of green products is to subsidize the production enterprises and gradually withdraw from the subsidy policies [5].
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H4: Government signifcantly impacts the green procurement of the household appliance manufacturing industry.
Supplier selection is central to supply chain management. Research on the factors infuencing supplier performance found that green supplier development is the moderating variable between green procurement and supplier performance [63]. When the supplier selection is determined through a multistage measurement standard, it is found that senior managers are willing to choose green suppliers, which will make the products of enterprises more environmentally friendly, thus improving the competitiveness of products and increasing the brand image of the company [75]. Establishing trust with suppliers is conducive to the development of a cooperative relationship. A good cooperative relationship can reduce the risk of the supply network, make the procurement system fexible, and ultimately improve customer satisfaction [76]. Additionally, an analysis of the determinants infuencing the adoption of green procurement practices by Indian companies fnds that internal environmental concerns, supplier collaboration, customer pressure, competitive pressure, and management support have a positive impact on green procurement [39].
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H5: Suppliers have a signifcant impact on green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry.
Te enhancement of environmental awareness makes consumers pay attention to the impact of products on the environment [77,78]. Consumers are willing to pay more to buy green products, which are becoming a better choice. Based on a questionnaire survey and expert interviews, the key factors for strengthening the green procurement in the construction process are investigated, and it is found that, in addition to government regulations, bidding customer requirements are also key factors in green procurement [15]. Shen et al. believed that real estate developers in the Chongqing area of China lack an understanding of green procurement and green building materials and are unenthusiastic about producing green buildings. Te main reasons for this phenomenon are the lack of consumer demand for green products and the lack of government incentives [16]. Similarly, an interview with senior managers found that managers generally believe that the implementation of sustainable supply chain management is related to growing customer expectations, and customer demand can efectively promote the company's sustainable supply chain management [79]. And when investigating the impact of environmental factors on consumer purchase intention, it was found that the purchase intention is highest when consumers can obtain both sustainable labeling and traceability information on products [80].
Based on the above arguments, the following hypothesis is proposed as follows: H6: Consumers signifcantly impact the green purchasing power of household appliance manufacturing.
Furthermore, the following relationships are assumed to exist between the various factors: H7: Business strategy has a signifcant impact on corporate culture. H8: Business strategy has a signifcant impact on the production system. H9: Corporate culture has a signifcant impact on the production system. H10: Suppliers have a signifcant infuence on the production system. H11: Government has a signifcant infuence on corporate culture. H12: Government has a signifcant infuence on consumers.
Finally, a conceptual model and hypotheses on purchasing behavior are established Figure 2.

Sample Design and Data
Collection. Based on the above research assumptions and theoretical models, a questionnaire was designed to collect data. All measurements are taken from relevant research, and the wording was slightly modifed to ensure that all items can be understood in this research. Te questionnaire was divided into two parts. One is to count the information on the interviewees; the other is to investigate the driving factors afecting green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry. Te 5-level Likert scale was used to design the questions. Te survey objects were purchasing staf, sales staf, and academic staf, and the main method was an online questionnaire. Among the respondents, 53% were males and 47% were females, and the ratio of the two was similar. In terms of academic qualifcations, most of the respondents have an associate degree or above in education. Te respondents with a monthly income of 4000-5999 yuan accounted for the highest proportion (48.6%). Nearly half of the respondents were between the ages of 31 and 40 (46.2%).
Te sample size required for this study was calculated from the desired level of 5-10 observations per parameter in structural equation modeling (SEM) [81]. A total of 26 measurement indicators were selected for this paper. To obtain more stable results, the questionnaires were sent to 529 subjects, and all of them were received. Finally, before data analysis, the questionnaire was screened, and invalid questionnaires were eliminated. Te total number of valid questionnaires was 517, with an efective rate of 97.7%, indicating that the overall efect of completing the questionnaire was good.

Variables and Measurement Scales.
Te green purchasing power of enterprises consists of endogenous power and exogenous power, in which endogenous power refers to the process of the efect of the characteristics of the household appliance manufacturing industry on green purchasing behavior, it includes three categories: business Journal of Environmental and Public Health strategy, corporate culture, and production system. Exogenous motivation mainly includes three factors: government, suppliers, and consumers. Te defnitions and measurements for this study are described in the following.

Business Strategy.
Under the guidance of the sustainable development concept, enterprises must develop a green development strategy and take it as a long-term guidance strategy if they want to achieve long-term development goals. Te measurement of "Business strategy" includes fve items in Table 1.

Corporate
Culture. Excellent corporate culture can guide and motivate employees to work better, improve the cohesion of the company, and promote the company to develop in a better direction. Te measurement of "Corporate culture" includes three items in Table 1.

Production
System. Te production system is divided into two aspects. One is the software aspect, namely the construction of technology, systems, organization, and management; the second is hardware, involving equipment investment, operation, maintenance, and so on. Te production system of the household appliance manufacturing industry should be based on green production. Te measurement of "Production system" includes three items in Table 1. In Table 1, there are three items to measure the green procurement driving force of the household appliance manufacturing industry.

Government.
Te government can promote enterprises to conduct green procurements through economic, administrative, legal, and other means. Simultaneously, the government should take the initiative to implement green procurement, give play a role of demonstrative and guidance, and promote enterprises to produce green products. Te measurement of "Government" includes four items in Table 1.

Supplier.
Supplier management is an important part of green procurement. A scientifc supply structure and stable cooperative relationships are conducive to reducing risks and enhancing corporate competitiveness. Te measurement of "Suppliers" includes four items in Table 1.

Consumer.
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, consumers will make more green choices when choosing products and consumption methods [82]. Simultaneously, suppliers have received the "green demand" signal from the market, which prompted the production company to develop its business strategy in a green direction. Te measurement of "Consumers" includes four items in Table 1.
In summary, there are 11 measurement indicators for endogenous latent variables that afect the green purchasing driving powers of the household appliance manufacturing industry, 12 measurement indicators for exogenous latent variables, and 3 measurement indicators for measuring green purchasing driving powers, as shown in Table 1.

Descriptive Statistical Analysis.
After sorting out the questionnaire data, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and factor loading to ensure the applicability of the data. Te statistical results are shown in Table 2.
From the average values of various measurement indicators in Table 2, it can be seen that the attitude of the respondents tends to be between "average" and "strongly agree" and the overall attitude is relatively positive. In addition, the skewness and kurtosis of the data were analyzed   Demand for green products Green consumption preference Journal of Environmental and Public Health to test whether the data conformed to a normal distribution, and found that the sample data conformed to a normal distribution. In addition, the factor loading is basically above 0.6, indicating that the basic ftness of the model is good and can be used for subsequent analysis.

Te Results of the Measurement Model.
To verify the measurement model, reliability and validity analyzes were carried out. Reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. In this study, the test results of the Cronbach's alpha coefcient for the 26 measurement indicators of green purchasing dynamics in the household appliance manufacturing industry are shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows that the overall reliability value of the 26 measured variables on the scale reaches 0.922, which indicates that the questionnaire survey in this study has excellent reliability.
By analyzing the test values of KMO and Bartlett's, it is determined whether the sample data is suitable for factor analysis, and its validity is verifed. Te results are shown in Table 4. Table 4 shows that the value of KMO is between 0.9 and 1.0, indicating that the correlation of the sample data is excellent. Among them, the signifcance is 0.000, less than 0.001, indicating that the sample data have good construct validity and can be used for factor analysis.

Te Results of the Full Model.
Amos is used to import the questionnaire data into the structural equation model of the dynamic mechanism, and the unstandardized regression    Table 5. In SEM analysis, judging whether the infuence between variables is signifcant is based on the critical ratio C.R. If the absolute value of C.R. is greater than 1.96, the parameter estimate will reach the signifcance level of 0.05. As shown in Table 5, the absolute value of the infuence of corporate culture, production system, and suppliers on the green purchasing dynamic of the household appliance manufacturing industry is less than 1.96, and the P value is all greater than 0.05. Although other path coefcients are signifcant, the impact efect has not yet reached a signifcant level. Te intrinsic quality of the model is acceptable. Table 6 shows the ft of the initial model. Table 6 shows that the output values of all ftting indices are in line with the standard except that the chi-square freedom degree ratio is too large and the GFI value is too low. In order to make the hypothetical model better ft the sample data, it is necessary to revise the model. Tis paper will make corrections based on the value of the modifcation indices (MI). Te specifc correction method is to gradually select the two paths with the largest MI value, correlate them, and reduce the corresponding chisquare value, thus reducing the proportion of chi-square degrees of freedom. However, in the correction process, the maximum MI value cannot be blindly selected, because it is necessary to ensure that there is practical signifcance between the two connected measurement variables. Terefore, according to this method, the SEM is modifed in this paper as follows.
From the results of the model, the MI value between e16 and e26 is the largest. If the residual correlation path between them increases, the chi-square value will decrease signifcantly, and the degree of freedom of the model will also decrease. In addition, from a practical perspective, there are also correlation between suppliers' production of green materials and the household appliance manufacturing industry's initiative to promote a green purchasing strategy. Terefore, we can consider adding correlation paths between e16 and e26, connecting them with two-way arrows, and rerunning the model. If the ftting efect is not good, repeat the above method until the model fts well. After repeated corrections, the following model is obtained, as shown in Figure 3.
Te revised model ftting index and model path coefcient are shown in Tables 7 and 8, respectively. It can be seen from Table 7 that all ftting indexes meet the requirements, indicating that the model fts well.
From Table 8, the efect of business strategy on green procurement is 0.095, the C.R. and P values meet the conditions, so the impact is signifcant, and H1 is supported. Similarly, the government's infuence on green purchasing is 0.934, the C.R. and P values satisfy the conditions, and the infuence is signifcant. H4 is supported; the infuence of consumers on green procurement is 0.298, C.R., and P values satisfy the conditions, so the infuence is signifcant, and H6 is supported. In addition, the C.R. and P values of corporate culture, the production system, and suppliers did not meet the requirements, so H2, H3, and H5 were not verifed. In addition, H7, H8, H9, H10, and H12 have also been verifed, indicating that there is indeed a signifcant impact between the driving factors.
Based on the previous analysis, the path coefcient is used to calculate the impact of each measurement variable on the green purchasing dynamic of the household appliance manufacturing industry, and the results of the green purchasing dynamic mechanism of the household appliance manufacturing industry are explained. Te calculation results of the path coefcient are shown in Table 9.
According to Table 9, among the fve measurement variables that constitute a corporate strategy, green development strategy and green marketing strategy have a greater impact on household appliance manufacturing, followed by the other three factors; among the government factors, tax policy has the greatest impact on enterprises' green purchasing behavior, while the other three factors have positive efects, but the degree of infuence is not much diferent. Among the measured variables of consumers, the improvement in consumers' awareness of environmental protection and living standards signifcantly impacted the green purchasing power of the household appliance manufacturing industry, which is higher than the other two measured variables.

Discussion and Implications
At present, many scholars have conducted research on the green procurement activities that drive the real estate industry and the cosmetics industry, but there are few studies on the driving factors that drive green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry. As a large manufacturing country, China's household appliance manufacturing industry is mature and competitive. In recent years, the proportion of medium-and high-end products exported has increased signifcantly. Te household appliance manufacturing industry can develop and create new products while meeting the basic needs of many countries. Under the international environmental protection requirements and China's carbon emission reduction target, it is very important to promote green and low-carbon products and accelerate the green transformation of the household appliance manufacturing industry. Te green purchasing behavior of the household appliance manufacturing industry can reduce carbon emissions at the source and help enterprises to produce green products. In addition, procurement activities are the beginning of the supply chain and the source of corporate environmental management. Its signifcance has long been recognized by many internationally renowned companies. If the Chinese household appliance manufacturing industry wants to gain a foothold in the ferce market competition, it is crucial to implement a green procurement strategy.
Based on the extensive literature reading, this study combined with household appliance manufacturing is in urgent need of the actual situation of the green transformation, constructing an evaluation index system of green purchasing power appliances manufacturing. Te research hypotheses are tested through questionnaire data, and the internal and external factors afecting the green procurement Journal of Environmental and Public Health of household appliance enterprises are analyzed. Our study provides empirical evidence for driving green purchasing in the appliance manufacturing industry in the context of corporate green transformation. First, external factors have a more signifcant contributing relationship for frms compared to internal factors. Government regulations, consumer attitudes, and business strategies have signifcant efects on green procurement, while suppliers, corporate culture, and production systems have insignifcant efects on green procurement. Tese fndings complement earlier work on internal and external factors [39,57], which emphasizes the importance of government regulations, consumer attitudes, and business strategies.
Second, this paper flls the previous literature gap by analyzing the upstream and downstream of the supply chain and assuming that suppliers and customers are the driving factors for implementing green procurement [83]. Additionally, this study analyzes the efects of each infuencing factor and its subdivision elements to help each internal and external stakeholder fnd specifc ways to promote green procurement in enterprises.
Finally, the reward and punishment policies imposed by the government can change the production strategies of frms, especially in light of green and low-carbon environmental requirements, which compel frms to make a green transition. Similarly, consumer demand is the  driving force of enterprise production. Low-carbon and environmentally friendly products are more likely to be favored by consumers, thus increasing frms' motivation to implement green implementation. But this result was contrary to Khodaparasti et al., who concluded that pressure from customers is not signifcantly related to frms' green purchasing behavior [57]. Te various green strategies implemented by companies can improve their market competitiveness and increase their confdence in green procurement. Additionally, we also ofer some explanations for the insignifcance of the hypothesized efects. Compared to corporate strategy, the infuence of corporate culture may be smaller, and technological innovation strategies may be better than updating and improving production technology and production processes. Te fndings also found that suppliers do not promote green purchasing in frms, which contrasts with previous studies; specifcally, Ghosh found a positive efect of supplier collaboration on green purchasing [39]. Environmentally friendly production process Waste recycling system   Journal of Environmental and Public Health 5.1. Teoretical Implications. Tis paper contributes to green supply chain management by providing insights into a better understanding of green procurement behavior in the Chinese household appliance manufacturing industry. Previous studies have conducted in-depth analysis and research on the driving factors of green procurement in diferent industries, but few scholars have researched the driving factors of green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry. Terefore, this article aims to extract the driving factors that afect the green purchasing dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry by referring to a large number of documents. On this basis, research hypotheses are proposed, theoretical models are constructed, data are obtained using questionnaire surveys, and key factors driving the implementation of green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry are identifed with the help of Amos software, which can provide references for related theoretical research.

Managerial Implications.
A better understanding of the driving factors afecting green procurement enlightens industrial managers to perform green procurement strategies for the household appliance manufacturing industry. Besides, the stakeholders will also beneft from this study. For household appliance manufacturing enterprises, it will help enterprises formulate targeted strategies to improve the construction of enterprise-related systems, help enterprises produce green products, technological innovation, reduce environmental pollution, and further improve their economic and environmental benefts, and enhance enterprise product market competitiveness and corporate infuence. Our study will help the government to expand the scope of the green material list, provide preferential policies and product standards, and improve relevant laws and regulations that will help enterprises implement green procurement. For suppliers, a better understanding of the infuential mechanisms of green procurement would motivate the green supplier to develop green manufacturing   technologies and improve the authoritative material certifcation system. Te countermeasures also can be made to promote green procurement and green consumption based on the discovered infuential mechanism.

Conclusions
In the context of green and high-quality development, this study establishes a model of the relationship between internal and external factors and green procurement in the household appliance manufacturing industry to investigate the motivations behind enterprises' green procurement behavior and hasten the green transformation of enterprises in the procurement process. Trough the above empirical analysis, this study shows that, among the six factors that afect the green purchasing dynamic of the household appliance manufacturing industry, government, consumer, and business strategy have a signifcant impact on it; however, the infuence of corporate culture, production system, and supplier factors is not signifcant. But its practical signifcance cannot be denied. Government factors have the most signifcant impact on the green purchasing dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry, which indicates that government support will greatly promote green procurement by household appliance manufacturers. Te infuence of consumer factors on the green purchasing dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry guides companies to produce green products to a certain extent. Corporate strategy is less important than the other two, but it is also very important. Terefore, enterprises should not only improve their green procurement capabilities but also pay close attention to the government's various low-carbon policies and improve their ability to adapt to changes in procurement and manufacturing. In addition, enterprises should also pay attention to the environmental needs of consumers and produce more lowcarbon and environmentally friendly products. From their respective measurement variables, among the government factors that have the most signifcant impact on the green purchasing dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry, there are preferential policies such as fscal and taxation. Tis indicates that household appliance manufacturers need strong support from preferential policies to implement green procurement strategies. Among the consumer factors, the improvement of living standards has the greatest infuence on the green purchasing dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry. Tis indicates that with the improvement of people's living standards, people are more inclined to choose energy-saving, environmentally-friendly, green, and safe products, especially household items closely related to daily life. Among the corporate strategic factors, the infuence of green development strategy and green marketing strategy on the green procurement dynamics of the household appliance manufacturing industry is consistent, indicating that green development is a development concept that enterprises must follow in the future.
However, this research also has some limitations. First, the infuential factors were based on internal and external categories, based on previous studies to expand the selection.
However, green procurement may also be driven by other company-specifc factors. Future research could tap into some other potential factors, such as the infuence of competitors. Additionally, the sample size using the questionnaire method is limited. Diversifed sample or data mining techniques can also be employed to enrich the sample data in future research, which will increase the statistical dynamics of the results and draw more specifc conclusions.

Data Availability
Te data used to support the fndings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

Conflicts of Interest
Te authors declare that they have no conficts of interest.