Journal of Function Spaces
Volume 2020 (2020), Article ID 5090282, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5090282

Research Article

Rate of Approximation for Modified Lupaş-Jain-Beta Operators

M. Qasim,¹ Asif Khan,² Zaheer Abbas,¹ Princess Raina,¹ and Qing-Bo Cai³

¹Department of Mathematical Sciences, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234 Jammu and Kashmir, India
²Department of Mathematics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh –202002, India
³School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China

Correspondence should be addressed to Qing-Bo Cai; qbcai@126.com

Received 12 May 2020; Revised 17 June 2020; Accepted 13 July 2020; Published 3 August 2020

Guest Editor: Bipan Hazarika

Copyright © 2020 M. Qasim et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

The main intent of this paper is to innovate a new construction of modified Lupaş-Jain operators with weights of some Beta basis functions whose construction depends on such that and . Primarily, for the sequence of operators, the convergence is discussed for functions belong to weighted spaces. Further, to prove pointwise convergence Voronovskaya type theorem is taken into consideration. Finally, quantitative estimates for the local approximation are discussed.

1. Introduction

In 1972, Jain [1] with the help of Poisson distribution introduced a famous linear positive operators as follows:

where , defined on , and

If we put in (1), then it becomes Szász-Mirakyan-type.

In 1995, Lupaş [2] introduced a sequence of linear positive operators; later on in 1999, it was modified by Agratini [3] as follows:

and also discussed the Kantorovich and Durrmeyer variant of operator (1).

In 2018, Tunca et al. [4] modified operator (3) in such a way that in the construction, authors take the negative subscript -1 of the Pochhammer symbol into consideration; due to this, the calculations become simpler in a remarkable degree just as

In order to approximate Lebesgue integrable functions, the most important modifications are Kantorovich and Durrmeyer integral operators. The Durrmeyer variant of operator (1) is introduced by Tarabie [5] and Mishra and Patel [6] with some beta basis functions.

In , Cárdenas-Morales et al. [7] defined the Bernstein-type operators by and also presents a better degree of approximation depending on . This type of approximation operators generalizes the Korovkin set from to . The Durrmeyer variant of is defined in [8]. In , Aral et al. [9] defined a similar modification of Szász-Mirakyan-type operators by using a suitable function .

Motivated by the above mentioned work very recently, Bodur [10] introduced a new modification of operator (4) by using a suitable function , which satisfies the following properties:

be a continuously differentiable function on

and

The new formulated operators are defined as

for , , and suitable functions defined on .

As we know, in order to approximate Lebesgue integrable functions, the most important modifications are Kantorovich and Durrmeyer integral operators. Motivated by the above mentioned Durrmeyer type generalizations of various operators and also from [11–23], in this paper, Durrmeyer-type modification of generalized Lupaş-Jain operators (5) by taking weights of some beta basis function is defined as follows:

where and is defined as

where is the beta basis function and is a function satisfying the conditions and given above.

The rest of the work is organized as follows: in the second section, moments and central moments for are calculated. In the third section, we study convergence properties of in the light of weighted space. In the fourth section, we obtain the order of approximation of new constructed operators associated with the weighted modulus of continuity. In the fifth section, we shall prove Voronovskaya-type theorem in quantitative form. These kinds of results are very useful to describe the rate of point-wise convergence. Finally, in the last section, we obtain some local approximation results related to -functional.

2. Basic Results

In this section, we prove some lemmas for which are required to prove our main results.

Lemma 1. Let be given by (6). Then for each , , and , we have

(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(v)

By using beta function and Lemma 2.1 in [4], it can be proved. So we omit it. Now, from the linearity of the operators , we can state Lemma 2.

Lemma 2. For operators , we have the following properties:

(i)(ii)(iii)

3. Convergence of

Here, we prove the convergence of by using weight function. Let be a function satisfying the conditions and given above. Also, let be a weight function and the weighted space is defined as follows:

where is a constant which depends only on , with the norm

Also, we mention some subspaces of as

It is obvious that

We have the following results for the weighted Korovkin-type theorems due to Gadjiev [24]

Lemma 3. [24].
The positive linear operators act from to if and only if the inequality

holds, where is a constant depending on .

Theorem 4 (see [24]). Let the sequence of positive linear operators acting from to and satisfying

Then, for each , we have

Remark 5. Examining Lemma 1 based on the famous Korovkin theorem [25], it is clear that does not form an approximation process. Now, in order to obtain convergence properties, we replace the constant by such that

Theorem 6. Let such that , and also, let be the sequence of positive linear operators. Then, for each function , we have

Proof. From Lemma 1, we obtain

Hence, by Theorem 4, we deduce

4. Rate of Convergence

In this part, we would like to determine the rate of convergence for by weighted modulus of continuity which was introduced by Holho [26] in 2008, as follows:

where , with the following properties:

(i)(ii), , for (iii)

Theorem 7 (see [26]). Let be a sequence of positive linear operators with

where the sequences , , , and converge to zero as . Then

for all , where

Theorem 8. Let such that , and also, let be the sequence of positive linear operators. Then for all , we have

where

Proof. We should calculate the sequences , , , and , in order to apply Theorem 7. In light of Lemma 1, clearly, we have

Finally,

Thus, Theorem 7 is satisfied. Hence, we have the desired result.

Remark 9. For in Theorem 8, we obtain

5. Pointwise Convergence of

In this section, we shall analyze pointwise convergence of by obtaining the Voronovskaya theorem in a quantitative form by using the same technique in [7].

Theorem 10. Let such that , and also, let , and suppose that and exist at . If is bounded on , then, we have

Proof. By using Taylor expansion of at , we have

where

Therefore, (28) together with the assumption on ensures that

and is convergent to zero as . Now applying the operators (6) to the equality (27), we obtain

From Lemma 2, we get

By estimating the equality (30), we will get the proof.
Since from (28), for every , . Let such that for every . By Cauchy-Schwartz inequality, we get

Since

we obtain

Thus, by taking into account equations (31), (32), and (35) to equation (30), the proof is completed.

Remark 11. If we choose with , then, one can easily see that and

6. Local Approximation

In this section, for the operators , we shall present local approximation theorems. Let denote the space of real-valued continuous and bounded functions defined on the interval . The norm on the space is defined by

-functional is defined as

where and . By Devore and Lorentz ([27], p. 177, Theorem 6.4), there exists an absolute constant such that

The second order modulus of smoothness is as follows:

where . The usual modulus of continuity of is defined by

Theorem 12. Let such that and for all Also, let be a function satisfying the conditions and , and is finite. Then, there exists an absolute constant such that

where

Proof. Let and By Taylor’s formula, we have

By using the equality,

Now, putting in the last term in equality (43), we get

By applying operator (6) to the both sides of equality (43) and from Lemma 1, we deduce

As we know, is strictly increasing on , and with condition (), we get

where

Also,

Hence, we have

if ; then

Taking infimum over all , we obtain

Theorem 12 is proved.

Data Availability

The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.

Conflicts of Interest

We declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgments

The first author is grateful to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), India, for providing the Senior Research Fellowship with file no. 09/1172(0001)/2017-EMR-I. This work is also supported by the Project for High-level Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Quanzhou (Grant No. 2018C087R), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University, and Sponsoring Agreement for Overseas Studies in Fujian Province.

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