Journal of Function Spaces
Volume 2021 (2021), Article ID 4065606, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4065606

Research Article

Analytical Properties of the Generalized Heat Matrix Polynomials Associated with Fractional Calculus

Mohamed Abdalla1,2 and Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras3,4

¹Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia
²Mathematics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
³Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences and Arts, ArRas, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
⁴Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics of Oran (LMFAO), University of Oran 1, Oran, 31000 Oran, Algeria

Correspondence should be addressed to Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras; s.boularas@qu.edu.sa

Received 29 April 2021; Revised 20 May 2021; Accepted 31 May 2021; Published 9 June 2021

Academic Editor: Santosh Kumar

Copyright © 2021 Mohamed Abdalla and Salah Mahmoud Boulaaras. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract.

In this paper, we introduce a matrix version of the generalized heat polynomials. Some analytic properties of the generalized heat matrix polynomials are obtained including generating matrix functions, finite sums, and Laplace integral transforms. In addition, further properties are investigated using fractional calculus operators.

1. Overture

In the past few decades, matrix versions of the orthogonal polynomials have attracted a lot of research interest due to their close relations and various applications in many areas of mathematics, statistics, physics, and engendering, for example, see [1–11].

The recent advances of fractional order calculus (FOC) are dominated by its multidisciplinary applications. Moreover, special functions of fractional order calculus have many applications in various areas of mathematical analysis, probability theory, control systems, and engineering (see, for example, [12–15]).

Moreover, the development of fractional calculus associated with special matrix functions and polynomials has been investigated by many researchers, for example, the recent works [16–22].

Among these classical polynomials are the heat polynomials (also designated as Temperature polynomials) that are polynomial solutions of the heat equation and also are particularly useful in solving the Cauchy problem (see [23–26]). Special functions, such as the confluent hypergeometric function, integral error functions, and Laguerre polynomials, have a close link with the generalized heat polynomials introduced [27–29]. Further, the generalized heat polynomials are mainly used to construct an approximate solution of a given problem as a linear combination of the polynomials. Such solution satisfies the governing equation and other equations (cf., e.g., [30–35]).

In our investigation here, we define a generalized heat matrix polynomial . We then establish certain generating matrix functions, finite sum formulas, Laplace transforms, and fractional calculus operators for these polynomials in Sections 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. Further, some interesting special cases and concluding remarks of our main results are pointed out in Section 7.

2. Preliminaries

In this section, we give some basic definitions and terminologies; for more details, we can be referred to [36, 37].

Here and through the work, let be the vector space of all the square matrices of order ( is the set of all positive integers) whose entries are in the set of complex numbers . For a , let be the set of all eigenvalues of which is called the spectrum of . We have

which imply . Here, is called the spectral abscissa of , and the matrix is said to be positive stable if . Further, let and denote the identity and zero matrices corresponding to a square matrix of any order, respectively.

If is a positive stable matrix in , then the gamma matrix function is well defined as follows (cf., e.g., [11, 38, 39]):

Moreover, if is a matrix in which gratifies

then is invertible, its inverse coincides with . Under condition (3), we can write the following Pochhammer matrix symbol

Let . Also let and be arrays of commutative matrices and commutative matrices in , respectively, such that are invertible for and all . Then, the generalized hypergeometric matrix function can be defined by (see, e.g., [11, 39])

In particular, the hypergeometric matrix function is defined by

for matrices in such that is invertible for all . Also, note that for in (9), we have the Binomial type matrix function as follows:

Let be a positive stable invertible matrix in Then, the Laguerre matrix polynomial is defined in the form (see, e.g., [11, 40])

The Laplace transform of is defined by [7].

provided that the improper integral exists.

Lemma 1. (see [7]). Let be a positive stable invertible matrix in . Then, we have

3. Generalized Heat Matrix Polynomial and Generating Matrix Functions

A generalized heat matrix polynomial is defined in (11) below; then, a family of generating matrix functions are proposed, see Theorem 4 and Theorem 8 of this section.

Definition 2. Let be a positive stable matrix in the complex space satisfying the spectral condition (3). Then, we define a generalized heat matrix polynomial of degree in the following explicit form:

where is the Laguerre matrix polynomial in (8).

Remark 3. Note that

and that for the scalar case , taking and the polynomial coincides with the classical scalar generalized heat polynomial, see [24, 26, 33]. Further, the ordinary heat polynomial defined in [23], when ;

Theorem 4. Let , , , and and be positive stable matrices in such that is invertible for all A generating matrix function of is

Proof. For convenience, suppose that the left-hand side of (13) is denoted by . According to the series expression of (11) and (7) to , we find that

Upon using the relation (6), the last equality evidently leads us to the required result.

Corollary 5. For , the following generating matrix function holds true

Remark 6. The Bessel matrix function , for a positive stable matrix , is expressible in terms of hypergeometric matrix function as follows (see, e.g., [11, 41])

Thus, by applying the relation (16) to (15) in Corollary 5, we can deduce the following Corollary.

Corollary 7. For , the following holds true

Theorem 8. Let , , and be a positive stable matrix in such that is invertible for all The following relation holds true

Proof. Follows by induction or by the successive application of Theorem 4 when The details are omitted.

Corollary 9. For in Theorem 8, the following holds true

Remark 10. The special cases of (18) and (19) when are seen to yield the classical generating functions of the generalized Heat polynomials (see [24, 33]).

4. Finite Sums

Here, various finite sums of can be obtained in the following results.

Theorem 11. Let , , , and be a positive stable matrix in such that is invertible for all Then, we have

Proof. From (15) and the following fact

We thus find that

Comparing the coefficient of on both side, we thus get the required a finite sum formula (20).

Theorem 12. Let , , , also let and be positive stable matrices in such that and are invertible for all Then, we have

Proof. By using the series (11) and Theorem 4 with applying to Kummer’s matrix formula (see [5]), we observe that

Equating the coefficient of on both sides, we thus arrive at the desired result (23).

5. Laplace Transforms

Here, Laplace integral transforms of the generalized heat matrix polynomials are derived as follows.

Theorem 13. Let , , , . Also, let and be a positive stable matrices in such that is invertible for all The following Laplace transform formula hold

Proof. Making a particular use of (9) with (11), (6) and applying to Lemma 1, yields our desired result (25) in Theorem 13. The details are omitted.

A similar procedure yields the following Laplace integral transforms. So we prefer to omit the proofs.

Theorem 14. Let , , , . Also, let and be a positive stable matrices in such that is invertible for all The following Laplace transform formula hold

Theorem 15. Let , , , . Also, let and be a positive stable matrices in such that is invertible for all The following Laplace transform formula hold

The above Theorems lead to the following special cases.

Corollary 16. For is a positive stable matrix in , and , then we have the following Laplace transforms

6. Fractional Calculus Approach

Here, we consider the Riemann. Liouville fractional integral and derivative operators and of order respectively (see, for details, [19])

where is a function of and some square matrices so that this integral converges.

where

It is noted in passing that (29) and (30) are applied in recent works, for example, (see [16–22]).

Theorem 17. For the generalized heat matrix polynomials of degree , the following fractional integral operator holds true:

Proof. From (29) and (11), we have

Setting and after a simplification, we get

whose last summation, in view of (11), is easily seen to arrive at the expression in (32). This completes the proof of Theorem 17.

Theorem 18. For the generalized heat matrix polynomials , we have the following formula

Proof. According to (15), we find that

Assume that the left-hand side of (35) be denoted by . Multiply the left-hand side (35) by and applying the relation (31), we get

Invoking Kummer’s matrix transformation [5] leads to

It is easy to multiply right-hand side of (35) by and applying the fractional differentiation operator from (31), whereupon this completes the establishment of the Theorem 18.

7. Concluding Remarks

In [23], Rosenbloom and Widder investigated expansions of solutions of the heat equation in series of polynomial solutions Further, Haimo and Markett [33, 34] discussed the generalized heat equation

where is a fixed positive number and they introduced the generalized heat polynomial solution of (39) as

Note that is the ordinary heat polynomials of even order. Also, is the Hermite polynomials of even order.

Recently, many studies and extensions of the well-known special matrix polynomials have been in a focus of increasing attention leading to new and interesting problems. In this perspective, we defined the generalized heat matrix polynomials. Also, we have given some of their main properties, namely, the generating matrix functions, finite sum formulas, Laplace integral transforms, and fractional calculus operators. Further, This study is assumed to be a generalization of the scalar cases [27, 33, 34] to the matrix setting. In addition, this approach allows to derive several new integral and differential representations that can be used in theoretical, applicable aspects like the boundary value problems and the numerical algorithms. Additional research and application on this topic is now under preparation and will be presented in forthcoming works.

Data Availability

No data were used to support the study.

Conflicts of Interest

This work does not have any conflicts of interest.

Acknowledgments

The first-named author extends their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding work through research groups program under grant (R.G.P.1/15/42).

References

G. Ariznabarreta, J. C. García-Ardila, M. Mañas, and F. Marcellán, “Matrix biorthogonal polynomials on the real line: Geronimus transformations,” Bulletin of mathematical sciences, vol. 9, article 1950007., 2019.

A. Bakhet and F. He, “On 2-variables Konhauser matrix polynomials and their fractional integrals,” Mathematics, vol. 8, article 232, 2020.

G. Heckman and M. van Pruijssen, “Matrix valued orthogonal polynomials for Gelfand pairs of rank one,” Tohoku Mathematical Journal, vol. 68, pp. 407–436, 2016.

A. Iserles and M. Webb, “A family of orthogonal rational functions and other orthogonal systems with a skew-Hermitian differentiation matrix,” Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications, vol. 26, no. 1, p. 19, 2020.

R. Dwivedi and V. Sahai, “Lie algebras of matrix difference differential operators and special matrix functions,” Advances in Applied Mathematics, vol. 122, pp. 102–109, 2021.

R. Dwivedi and V. Sahai, “On q-special matrix functions using quantum algebraic techniques,” Reports on Mathematical Physics, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 253–265, 2020.

M. Hidan, M. Akel, S. Boulaaras, and M. Abdalla, “On behavior Laplace integral operators with generalized Bessel matrix polynomials and related functions,” Journal of Function Spaces, vol. 2021, Article ID 9967855, 11 pages, 2021.

M. Abdalla, “On Hankel transforms of generalized Bessel matrix polynomials,” AIMS Mathematics, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 6122–6139, 2021.

M. Abdalla, S. Boulaaras, and M. Akel, “On Fourier-Bessel matrix transforms and applications,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 2021.

L. Rodman, “Orthogonal matrix polynomials,” in Orthogonal Polynomials: Theory and Practice, P. Nevai, Ed., vol. 294, pp. 345–362, NATO ASI Series (Mathematical and Physical Sciences); Springer, Berlin, Germany, 1990.

M. Abdalla, “Special matrix functions: characteristics, achievements and future directions,” Linear Multilinear Algebra, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 1–28, 2020.

P. Agarwal, D. Baleanu, Y. Chen, S. Momani, and J. Machado, Fractional Calculus: ICFDA 2018, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics Statistics 303 (Hardback), Amman, Jordan, 2020.

M. K. Bansal, D. Kumar, K. S. Nisar, and J. Singh, “Certain fractional calculus and integral transform results of incomplete ℵ‐functions with applications,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 5602–5614, 2020.

Y. Singh, V. Gill, J. Singh, D. Kumar, and I. Khan, “Computable generalization of fractional kinetic equation with special functions,” Journal of King Saud University–Science, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 101221, 2021.

M. K. Bansal, S. Lal, D. Kumar, S. Kumar, and J. Singh, “Fractional differential equation pertaining to an integral operator involving incompleteH‐function in the kernel,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, pp. 1–12, 2020.

M. Abdalla, M. Akel, and J. Choi, “Certain matrix Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals associated with functions involving generalized Bessel matrix polynomials,” Symmetry, vol. 13, no. 4, p. 622, 2021.

M. Abdalla and M. Hidan, “Fractional orders of the generalized Bessel matrix polynomials,” European Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol. 10, pp. 995–1004, 2017.

M. Abdalla, “Fractional operators for the Wright hypergeometric matrix functions,” Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2020, no. 1, 2020.

A. M. Mathai and H. J. Haubold, An Introduction to Fractional Calculus, Nova Science Publishers, NY, USA, 2017.

A. Bakhet, Y. Jiao, and F. He, “On the Wright hypergeometric matrix functions and their fractional calculus,” Integral Transforms and Special Functions, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 138–156, 2019.

M. Zayed, M. Abul-Ez, M. Abdalla, and N. Saad, “On the fractional order Rodrigues formula for the shifted Legendre-type matrix polynomials,” Mathematics, vol. 8, p. 136, 2020.

M. Zayed, M. Hidan, M. Abdalla, and M. Abul-Ez, “Fractional order of Legendre-type matrix polynomials,” Advances in Difference Equations, vol. 2020, 13 pages, 2020.

P. C. Rosenbloom and D. V. Widder, “Expansions in terms of heat polynomials and associated functions,” Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 92, no. 2, pp. 220–266, 1959.

L. R. Bragg, “The radial heat polynomials and related functions,” Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 119, no. 2, pp. 270–290, 1965.

G. N. Hile and A. Stanoyevitch, “Heat polynomial analogs for higher order evolution equations,” Electronic Journal of Differential Equations (EJDE), vol. 28, pp. 1–19, 2001.

L. Shy-Der Lin, T. Shih-Tong Tu, and H. Srivastava, “Some generating function involving the stirling numbers of second kind,” Rendiconti del Seminario Matematico, vol. 59, 2001.

S. N. Kharin, “Special functions and heat polynomials for the solution of free boundary problems,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1997, article 020047, 2018.

B. Gürbüz and M. Sezer, “A new computational method based on Laguerre polynomials for solving certain nonlinear partial integro differential equations,” Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 561–563, 2017.

M. Gülsu, B. Gürbüz, Y. Öztürk, and M. Sezer, “Laguerre polynomial approach for solving linear delay difference equations,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 217, pp. 6765–6776, 2001.

B. Gürbüz and M. Sezer, “Laguerre polynomial solutions of a class of initial and boundary value problems arising in science and engineering fields,” Acta Physica Polonica A, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 194–197, 2016.

J. Singh, D. Kumar, and M. K. Bansal, “Solution of nonlinear differential equation and special functions,” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 2106–2116, 2020.

S. M. Boulaaras, A. Choucha, A. Zara, M. Abdalla, and B. Cheri, “Global existence and decay estimates of energy of solutions for a new class of p-Laplacian heat equations with logarithmic nonlinearity,” Journal of Function Spaces, vol. 2021, Article ID 5558818, 11 pages, 2021.

D. T. Haimo and C. Markett, “A representation theory for solutions of a higher order heat equation, I,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 168, no. 1, pp. 89–107, 1992.

D. T. Haimo and C. Markett, “A representation theory for solutions of a higher order heat equation, II,” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 289–305, 1992.

G. N. Hile and A. Stanoyevitch, “Expansions of solutions of higher order evolution equations in series of generalized heat polynomials,” Electronic Journal of Differential Equations, vol. 64, pp. 1–25, 2002.

R. Horn and C. Johnson, Topics in Matrix Analysis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2011.

N. J. Higham, Functions of Matrices Theory and Computation, Siam, USA, 2008.

L. Jódar and J. C. Cortés, “Some properties of gamma and beta matrix functions,” Applied Mathematics Letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 89–93, 1998.

L. Jódar and J. C. Cortés, “On the hypergeometric matrix function,” Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol. 99, no. 1-2, pp. 205–217, 1998.

J. Sastre, E. Defez, and L. Jodar, “Application of Laguerre matrix polynomials to the numerical inversion of Laplace transforms of matrix functions,” Applied Mathematics Letters, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1527–1532, 2011.

B. Çekim and A. Altin, “Matrix analogues of some properties for Bessel functions,” Journal of Mathematical Sciences, vol. 22, pp. 519–530, 2015.